An important question in determining species composition in a lake is what species has had the chance to reach the lake in the first place. The aim of this study was to examine natural stream connectivity limitations for whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) between lakes, and to contribute to the development and evaluation of GIS-based methods to answer this question. 497 lakes with identified downstream source lakes, were classified as naturally colonized or introduced whitefish populations, reflecting the possibilities for whitefish to reach the lake naturally. Data of maximum stream slope and stream length between each lake pair was generated by Stefan Blumentrath, NINA. Maximum stream slope was measured on two different resolutions of stream length for comparison, one on slope over 10 m and one over 150m. A subset of lakes was manually examined in geographic information systems and compared to maps and aerial photos to evaluate the data and compare the results with the full dataset. False slope maximums were corrected and streams with much human alteration around a possible natural slope maximum was removed from the small dataset. The two datasets were analyzed using logistic regression models. Akaikes information criterion (AIC) showed that the optimal model, for both datasets, was the one using only slope maximum as predictor, and slope over 150m gave better results than 10m. A k50-coefficient, the value of a predictor that results in 50% probability of colonization, was introduced as an approximate of when the predictor forms a connectivity hinder. The k50-corefficient was estimated to 2,08±0,22° (±standard error) for slope over 150m for the big dataset and 2,58±0,20 for the small. Weaknesses in the data were distinguished and improvements for future fish connectivity studies are suggested.

The purpose of the study is to gain an increased knowledge of the work that school counselors carry out in junior high schools to promote mental health and what opportunities and limitations there are in the profession as a school counselor. The empirical material has been collected through six semi-structured interviews with school counselors who work at various junior high schools. The participating school counselors have worked for different lengths of time in the profession. The school counselors who have worked in the profession for the shortest time have been employed for less than a year, while the school counselors with the longest experience have been employed in the profession for twelve years. Role theory and the concept of room for maneuver are used in the study to analyze the collected empirical result. Based on the empirical data collected, the school counselors in the study think that the mental illness among junior high school students has increased. The factors that the school counselors mainly considered have contributed to the increased mental illness are linked to demands and shortcomings in school, the use of mobile phones and social media, as well as bullying and the role of parents. The results of the study also show that there are not enough resources in student health for the school counselor to be able to offer all students the support they need. Based on the collected empirical data and the previous research presented, the study shows that school counselors experience lack of resources within the profession as a school counselor. / Syftet med studien är att få en ökad kunskap om det arbete skolkuratorer utför på högstadieskolor för att främja psykisk hälsa och vilka möjligheter och  begränsningar det finns inom yrket som skolkurator. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolkuratorer som arbetar på olika högstadieskolor. De medverkande skolkuratorerna har jobbat olika länge inom yrket. Den skolkurator som arbetat inom yrket kortast tid har varit anställd mindre än ett år, medan skolkuratorn med längst erfarenhet har varit anställd inom yrket i tolv år. För att analysera det insamlade empiriska resultatet används rollteori och begreppet handlingsutrymme i studien. Empirin som presenteras i studien visar att de intervjuade skolkuratorerna upplever att den psykiska ohälsan bland högstadieelever har ökat. De faktorer som skolkuratorer främst anses ha bidragit till den ökade psykiska ohälsan är kopplat till krav och brister i skolan, användning av mobiltelefoner och sociala medier, samt mobbning och föräldrarnas roll. Studiens resultat visar även att det inte finns tillräckliga resurser inom elevhälsan för att skolkuratorn ska ha möjlighet att erbjuda alla elever det stöd de behöver. Utifrån den insamlade empirin och den tidigare forskning som presenteras visar studien att skolkuratorer upplever resursbrister inom yrket som skolkurator.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the situations in which code-switching takes place in EFL classrooms. The paper focuses on why code-switching takes place, and whether it benefits or limits students' learning, according to teachers and teacher students in Swedish upper-secondary schools. Three teachers and four teacher students participated voluntarily in this study, as well as four of the participating teachers’ students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the transcripts were thematically analyzed. In addition, observations of four lessons with four different classeswere conducted. The results show that codeswitching is used with the purpose of teaching, being understood, or understanding in the EFL classroom. Based on the interviews and observations, codeswitching was found to be a common strategy in the classrooms.

Author of this dissertation focuses on venture capital financing in the Czech Republic. Individual aspects of venture capital financing from the perspective of investors and also businesses are researched and evaluated in this work and formulated proposals for changes that may lead to the development of venture capital financing in the Czech Republic .This research is based on findings published in foreign scientific journals and own research. This dissertation has several scientific objectives. It is necessary to identify the evaluation criteria used by the investors to evaluate the proposed business plans. It is also important to research the nonfinancial added value and to determine the forms of support businesses receive from the investors. The final objective is to identify the limitations of venture capital financing in the Czech Republic. A list of recommendations that should improve the condi-tions of venture capital financing is formulated based on these identified limitations. Primary research was conducted with the help of questionnaires and interviews. Resulting qualitative data was evaluated with the help of Microsoft Excel. Thorough analysis of the qualitative data allowed the formulation of conclusions which can be found in the final part of this work. This dissertation provides a complex view of venture capital financing in the Czech Republic, its specifics, conditions and limitations.

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The rapid growth in additive manufacturing technologies have brought various optimization techniques and methodologies to improve each phase that needs to be integrated and analyzed on system level to optimize the system performance. The challenges and limitations of each phase affect the system when integrated as a whole - creating a complex manufacturing environment that needs to be critically examined and managed. To have a better management of complex, emergent, and uncertain manufacturing system from design to recycling phase, a new way of thinking based on more holistic approach is necessary. In this paper, the system of systems paradigm (SoS) is introduced to treat additive manufacturing system as a whole and to present some SoS approaches that are based on holistic thinking. This paper provides a conceptual knowledge of SoS approach using systems principles, laws and approach emphasizing the characteristics and attributes of complex manufacturing system to the AM domain.

Thesis Abstract Current Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) design does not account for Beyond Design Basis Events (BDBEs) and thus lack the provisions to effectively mitigates complete loss of AC power and total loss of heat sink. Furthermore, parametric models used in PRA studies to assess Nuclear Power Plant’s safety risk for BDBE and External Events (EE) have significant limitations and proved ineffective to provide solutions on how to mitigate in BDBE or EEs situations. The Fukushima accident is a good example where PRA assessments did not provide the necessary means to cool or contain the reactors effectively. In this thesis, Emergency Mitigation Preparedness (EMP) model and assessment is proposed. The EMP model is objective and practical in evaluating NPP’s mitigation readiness in BDBE and EEs situations and provide a practical NPP Vulnerability indicator gauge which can potentially be used in risk-informed decisions. This will aid further in the NPP to improve in areas of emergency planning, enhance site and reactor design and improve workers safety and readiness to execute effective mitigation procedures and emergency plans. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Syfte: Syftet var att studera hur depression påverkar vuxna individers orala hälsa. Material och metod: Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie som grundar sig i kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar. Databaserna som användes var “Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source” och “Medline”. Resultat: Totalt analyserades 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som sammanställdes och delades in under två rubriker. Rubrikerna består av inre och yttre faktorer som påverkar och begränsar den orala hälsan. Faktorerna som beskrivs är oralhygien, orala sjukdomar och nedsatt tuggförmåga kopplat till depression samt låg socioekonomi och tandvårdspersonalens roll kopplat till depression. Slutsats: Depression påverkar den orala hälsan på ett negativt sätt. Påverkan beror på olika faktorer såsom låg socioekonomisk status, besvär med olika mun funktioner och orala sjukdomstillstånd som begränsar deprimerade patienters förmåga att upprätthålla en god oral hälsa samt försämrar livskvaliteten. Ytterligare forskning kring ämnet behöver tillämpas för bredare kunskap inom området. / Aim: The aim was to study how depression affects the oral health of adults. Material and method: The study is a general literature study based on quantitative and qualitative articles. The used databases were "Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source" and "Medline". Results: A total of 15 scientific articles were analyzed, compiled and divided under two headings. The headings consist of internal and external factors that affect and limit oral health. The factors described are oral hygiene, oral diseases and impaired chewing ability linked to depression, as well as low socioeconomic status and the role of the dental care staff linked to depression. Conclusion: Depression affects oral health in a negative way. The impact depends on various factors such as low socio-economic status, problems with various mouth functions and oral diseases that limit depressed patients' ability to maintain good oral health and impair the quality of life. Further research on the subject needs to be applied for broader knowledge in the area.

Thesis (M.Com. (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of budget deficit on fixed investment using annual data for the period 1990-2017 in selected African countries namely, Cameroon, Namibia, Ghana, Egypt, Seychelles, Mauritius, Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa. The study employed panel unit root tests including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Philips Perron test and Levin Lin and chu test. The tests revealed that all the variables are integrated at 1st difference. The study further employed the Panel ARDL bounds test to examine the relationship between budget deficit, fixed investment, money supply and inflation. The empirical findings indicated that a long run relationship exists between the variables of interest. Furthermore, the results revealed that the budget deficit has a negative and statistically significant effect on fixed investment. A one percent increase in the budget deficit, ceteris paribus, leads to a reduction in fixed investment by 44 percent in the long run. The findings further postulated a bidirectional causal relationship between budget deficit and fixed investment, between money supply and fixed investment and between fixed investment and inflation. It was evident in the research that indeed the budget deficit is a problematic macroeconomic policy in African countries. Policy makers should limit high government expenditures as they contribute to increased and persistent budget deficits which crowd out private investment.

Utomhuspedagogik kan berika undervisningen i de naturorienterande ämnena genom att ge elever möjligheten att utveckla sin kunskap genom olika erfarenheter. Trots att tidigare forskningsresultat pekat på att utomhuspedagogik ger en positiv inverkan på elevers lärande väljer lärare att frångå pedagogiken. Därav syftar denna studie till att framhäva lärares erfarenheter och uppfattningar av utomhuspedagogik.   Denna kvalitativa studie utforskar lärares erfarenheter och uppfattningar av utomhuspedagogik inom naturvetenskapliga ämnen i de tidiga skolåren, F-3, i Skåne. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem lärare från tre kommuner undersöker studien både fördelar och utmaningar med utomhuspedagogik inom NO-ämnen. Empirin analyserades utifrån tematisk innehållsanalys där det framkom kategorier utifrån lärarnas gemensamma svar. Därefter analyseras framkomna teman utifrån Kolbs (2015) upplevelsebaserade teori och Vygotskys koncept ”Zone of proximal development”. Resultatet och slutsatsen av studien visade att lärarna ser mestadels mervärden med utomhuspedagogik men även några få utmaningar. / Outdoor education can enrich the teaching of natural sciences by giving students the opportunity to develop their knowledge through hands-on experiences. Despite previous research that highlights the positive impact outdoor education has on students' learning, teachers choose not to utilize this pedagogic technique. This study aims to highlight teachers' experiences and perceptions of outdoor education in order to understand the utility and challenges of its implementation. This qualitative study specifically explores teachers' experiences and perceptions of outdoor education in natural science subjects during the early school years, F-3, in Skåne. Through semi-structured interviews with five teachers from three different municipalities, this study examines both the benefits and challenges of outdoor education in natural science subjects. The teachers’ experiences were analyzed based on thematic content, where categorical themes emerged based on the teachers' common responses. These themes were then analyzed based on Kolb's (2015) experience-based theory and Vygotsky's concept "Zone of proximal development". The results of this study demonstrate that teachers view outdoor education as an added benefit but they also identify some challenges to its implementation.