Bakgrund: Lantbruket står inför stora framtida utmaningar som t.ex. stora befolkningsökningar och minskade jordbruksarealer. Ett förslag för att lösa en del av problemet och öka effektiviteten inom lantbruket är att implementera och använda olika digitala tjänster och produkter. Ett av koncepten för den digitala tekniken som har lyfts fram av bland annat EU är Smart farming. Konceptet är brett och innefattar många olika tekniska lösningar, varav en av dessa är kameraövervakning av boskapsdjur. Frågeställning: Har de lantbrukare som använder kameraövervakning av boskapsdjur upplevt en förändring av sin livskvalitet och har användningen av tekniken medfört några ekonomiska effekter? Metod: Ett kvalitativt angreppssätt valdes där sex lantbrukare intervjuades i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: De medverkande lantbrukarna var överlag positiva till kameraövervakningssystemen och flera av lantbrukarna anser att tekniken möjliggjort att de kunnat spara tid och att djur i viss utsträckning kunnat räddats. Flera av lantbrukarna menar också att användandet av kameraövervakningssystemen lett till positiva effekter gällande deras livskvalitet, där det framför allt var möjligheten att kunna spendera mer tid med familj och ökad flexibilitet som var bidragande. Slutsatser: Undersökningens resultat tyder på att kameraövervakningssystemen kan spara tid och pengar för lantbrukarna och att den upplevda livskvaliteten förbättras. Den grupp respondenter i undersökningen som upplevde störst effekter av kameraövervakningen var mindre lantbruk. Kameraövervakningen användes till flera olika ändamål, t.ex. brottsförebyggande, kalvning, personalsäkerhet, övervakning av foderbord, lösdrift samt gård och ägor.

O aproveitamento de fibras de origem vegetal, como reforço de matrizes inorgânicas frágeis à base de cimento, é uma alternativa que tem despertado interesse ao redor do mundo pelas suas vantagens a nível econômico, social e ambiental. Porém, seu uso apresenta limitações em relação à baixa durabilidade apresentada por este material de reforço nos compósitos, refletida na perda de resistência das fibras celulósicas degradadas pelo ambiente alcalino da matriz e na instabilidade dimensional-volumétrica. Como alternativa para esse problema, pesquisas têm mostrado que é possível implementar mecanismos que modifiquem certas propriedades das fibras celulósicas antes de serem incorporadas como reforço na matriz cimentícia. Dentro desse contexto, este estudo aplicou e avaliou o efeito do tratamento de hornificação, que consta de quatro ciclos de secagem e umedecimento, sobre polpas celulósicas de eucalipto e pinus branqueadas e não branqueadas, como processo para otimizar as suas características e permitir uma maior durabilidade e desempenho dos compósitos de cimento reforçado. Foram determinadas e analisadas as características químicas, físico-mecânicas, morfológicas e microestruturais das polpas antes e após o processo de hornificação. Posteriormente, em uma segunda etapa do trabalho, foram produzidos compósitos cimentícios reforçados com polpas tratadas e não tratadas e realizada a avaliação de suas propriedades termo-físico-mecânicas, microestruturais e de durabilidade após cura térmica e 200 ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado. Os resultados indicam que o tratamento de hornificação nas fibras provocou a redução dos teores de retenção de água, não gerou diminuição significativa na viscosidade ou índice de cristalinidade e foram observadas mudanças morfológicas em relação ao colapso da fibra e maior rugosidade da sua superfície. Em relação ao desempenho das propriedades físicas dos compósitos com cura térmica ou após envelhecimento acelerado não foi identificada influência significativa das fibras de reforço tratadas, quando comparadas com não tratadas. Considerando as propriedades mecânicas, foram observadas melhorias na energia especifica de compósitos submetidos à cura térmica com fibras tratadas, destacando-se as polpas de eucalipto não branqueado tratadas como a fibra de reforço, com os melhores valores de energia especifica e módulo de ruptura. Após o ensaio de envelhecimento acelerado foi observado uma queda nas propriedades mecânicas de interesse dos compósitos para todos os tipos de fibras tratadas e não tratadas, indicando uma deterioração das polpas e perda da capacidade de reforço ao longo do tempo. Os resultados de condutividade térmica indicam que o fibrocimento com fibras hornificadas apresenta um desempenho térmico que favorece sua aplicação em coberturas de instalações zootécnicas. / The use of vegetable fibers as reinforcement of cement based inorganic matrices, is an alternative that has attracted attention around the world for its economic, social and environmental benefits. However, their use has limitations with respect to low-term reinforcement capacity in composites, reflected in the strength loss of cellulosic fibers which are degraded by the alkaline environment of the matrix and the volumetric-dimensional instability. As an alternative to this problem, several researches have showed that it is possible to implement mechanisms that modify certain properties of cellulosic fibers before their incorporation as cement matrix reinforcement. In this context, this study applied and evaluated the effect of the treatment of hornification, which consists of four drying and wetting cycles on bleached and unbleached eucalyptus and pine pulps, as a process to optimize their characteristics and allow a greater durability and performance of the reinforced cement composites. Chemical, physical-mechanical, morphological and microstructural characteristics of the pulp were determined and analyzed before and after hornification process. Later, in a second stage, cement composites reinforced with treated and untreated pulp were produced and the evaluation of its thermo-physical and mechanical properties, microstructural and durability after thermal curing and 200 cycles of accelerate aging ware assessed. The results indicate that the treatment of hornification on the fibers induced reduction of water retention values, did not cause significant decrease in viscosity or crystallinity index and morphological changes were observed regarding to the collapse of the fiber and its surface roughness increased. In relation to the physical properties of the composites with thermal curing or after accelerated aging not significant influence of treated reinforcing fibers was identified, when compared with untreated. Considering the mechanical properties improvements in specific energy was observed determined for composites subjected to thermal curing with treated fibers, highlighting the treated unbleached eucalyptus as reinforcing fiber, with the best specific energy and modulus of rupture values. After the accelerated aging a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composites was observed for all types of treated and untreated fibers indicating a deterioration of pulp and a loss of its capacity of reinforcement over time. The results of thermal conductivity indicated that the fibercements with hornificated fibers have a thermal performance that would favor its application in livestock roofing facilities.

Orientador: Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello / Banca: Élcio Hiroyoshi Yano / Banca: Rouverson Pereira da Silva / Resumo: Os sistemas conservacionistas de produção agrícola, como plantio direto e a integração lavoura-pecuária, permitem maximizar o uso do solo e minimizar os impactos ambientais frente à necessidade de aumentar a produtividade e conservar os recursos naturais disponíveis. Diante desta questão, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consórcio de milho com forrageiras para produção de silagem e palha para plantio direto da soja em sucessão. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola 2010/11 na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão localizada em Selvíria-MS, pertencente a Faculdade de Engenharia-Unesp, campus de Ilha Solteira. Os tratamentos na safra de outono foram constituídos por quatro forrageiras consorciadas com milho - Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria ruzizensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e Panicum maximum cv. Áries - e três modalidades de semeadura das forrageiras - na linha de semeadura do milho, a lanço simultâneo a semeadura do milho e a lanço no estádio V4 - e milho sem consorciação, constituindo 13 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4x3+1 e delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados para o milho: estande inicial e final, altura da planta, diâmetro basal do colmo e produtividade de matéria seca para silagem. Nas forrageiras avaliaram-se a produtividade de matéria seca, cobertura do solo e decomposição de palha. No verão foi realizada a semeadura da soja sobre as palhadas dos tratamentos anteriores e avaliados estande inicial e final, altura da planta e da inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta, massa de 1.000 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o consórcio entre milho e gramíneas forrageiras não interfere na produtividade de matéria seca para silagem de milho (média de 20,4 t MS ha-1) e recomenda-se a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The conservationists systems of agricultural production, such as tillage and crop-livestock integration can maximize land use and minimize environmental impacts to the need to increase productivity and conserve natural resources available. On this issue, this study aimed to assess the corn consortion and forage for silage and straw for no tillage in soybeans in sucession. The experiment was accomplished in the year 2010/11 in Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão in Selvíria-MS, Brazil (20°20'05"S e 51°24'26"W), belonging to the Faculdade de Engenharia, UNESP, campus of Ilha Solteira. The fall harvest treatments were constituted by four forages intercropped with corn - Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria ruzizensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and Panicum maximum cv. Áries - and three sowing modalities of forages - row of corn, along with to corn fertilizer; throwing the day of sowing corn and throwing the V4 stage of corn - and corn without intercropped, constituting 13 treatments in factorial scheme 4x3 +1 and randomized block design with four replications . Were evaluated for corn: initial and final stand, plant height, basal diameter of the stem and dry matter production for silage. In the forages we evaluated the dry matter yield, ground cover and straw decomposition. In the summer, the soybean was sowed on the previous treatment straws and evaluated the initial and final stand, plant height and first pod, number of pods per plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. The results showed that intercropping corn and forages does not affect the dry matter yield for corn silage (mean of 20.4 t DM ha-1) and we recommended the sowing modality in line together the corn fertilizer so as to make advantage the sowing operation. The grain yield of soybean (mean 3.9 t DM ha-1) was not affected by previous straw... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Dentre as espécies de moscas que causam miíases, destaca-se a Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a qual se encontra distribuída em alguns locais do Caribe e nos países da América do Sul. Por ser um parasita obrigatório, é considerada um dos maiores problemas da pecuária mundial, acarretando prejuízos da ordem de milhões de dólares por ano em vários países. Dentro do manejo integrado das miíases, as principais estratégias de controle são o uso de agrotóxicos e a chamada Técnica do Inseto Estéril (TIE). A implementação desta última, em particular, permitiu a erradicação de C.hominivorax da América do Norte e de toda a América Central entre 1957 e 2004, sendo agora mantida uma barreira biológica na fronteira entre Panamá e Colômbia. Os esforços para erradicação ainda continuam na Jamaica e várias ilhas do Caribe, e diversos países da América do Sul já expressaram interesse pela TIE. Visando apoiar os projetos de controle de C. hominivorax com o uso da TIE nos países do MERCOSUL, foram realizados estudos de criação, esterilização com raios X e compatibilidade reprodutiva de linhagens. A colônia de C. hominivorax foi estabelecida com sucesso no CENA/USP e na Biofábrica MOSCAMED Brasil, e entre as gerações F1 e F18 chegou a ser produzido um volume de 30,9 L de pupas ( 257.200 pupas). Os valores dos parâmetros de controle de qualidade da criação foram semelhantes aos da biofábrica do México e do laboratório do USDA-ARS. Para escolha do melhor substrato de oviposição, foram testados 4 tratamentos à base de carne, fígado e dieta larval podre, sendo que o de dieta larval podre+coágulo e sangue bovino citratado foi o que permitiu maior oviposição e viabilidade de ovos. A temperatura base estimada para o desenvolvimento embrionário foi de 13,1 ºC, com uma constante térmica de 9,17 GD. Foram testadas 6 diferentes dietas para adultos à base de mel, rapadura, ovo spray dried, melaço e hemácias spray dried, sendo que todas permitiram alta fecundidade e fertilidade. Nos bioensaios de dieta larval, foram testadas duas dietas líquidas, com bagaço de cana ou fibra de coco, a dieta padrão de carne e uma dieta de gel. Não houve diferença significativa entre os parâmetros de controle de qualidade das dietas e a dieta de gel provou ser viável e de menor custo. Para determinação das doses esterilizantes, pupas com 24 h antes da emergência dos adultos foram irradiadas com 10, 25 e 60 Gy de raios X. As doses que induzem 99% de esterilidade foram estimadas em 43,7 e 47,5 Gy para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. Para estudar a compatibilidade reprodutiva e competitividade entre linhagens, foram realizados 4 testes com cruzamentos entre uma linhagem do Caribe (Jamaica-06) e a brasileira. Como não foi encontrada incompatibilidade reprodutiva nem problemas de competitividade entre as linhagens, campanhas de supressão da mosca da bicheira no MERCOSUL poderiam utilizar moscas estéreis tanto da região do Caribe quanto do Brasil / The New World Screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is a fly species that provokes myiasis and is currently distributed at some Caribbean islands and South American countries. As an obligate parasite, this fly is one of the most serious threats to livestock industry, causing economic losses of millions of dollars per year in many countries. The main control strategies in the integrated management of myiasis rely on the use of chemicals and the so called Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). This technique, in particular, allowed the eradication of the NWS from the entire North and Central America between 1957 and 2004, and a biological buffer zone was set at the Panama-Colombia border. The eradication efforts still continue in Jamaica and several Caribbean islands. Some South American countries also declared interest for the use of the SIT against the NWS. Aiming to support projects to control the NWS through the SIT in MERCOSUR countries, several studies on rearing, sterilization with X rays and reproductive compatibility between strains were performed. The NWS colony was successfully established at CENA/USP and the MOSCAMED Brazil facility. Between the generations F1 and F18, a volume of 30.9 L of pupae ( 257,200 pupae) was produced. The values of the quality control parameters from the rearing were similar to those from the screwworm mass-rearing facility in Mexico and the USDA-ARS laboratory. To evaluate the best oviposition substrate, four treatments made of raw meat, liver or wasted larval diet were tested, and the one made of wasted larval diet + citrated bovine blood and clot allowed the highest oviposition and egg hatch. The estimated basal temperature for the embryonic development was 13.1 ºC, with a thermal constant of 9.17 GD. Six different adult diets made of honey, rapadura, spray dried egg, molasses or spray dried blood were tested and all allowed high fecundity and fertility. For the bioassays with larval diets, two liquid diets (with sugarcane bagasse or coconut fiber as bulking agents), the standard meat diet and a gelled diet were tested. There was no significant difference among the quality control parameters from the diets and the use of the gelled diet proved to be feasible and cheaper. In order to estimate the sterilization doses, pupae 24 h before the adult emergence were irradiated at 0 (control), 10, 25 and 60 Gy of X rays. The doses that induce 99% sterility were 43.7 and 47.5 Gy for males and females, respectively. To assess the reproductive compatibility and competitiveness between strains, four tests with crosses between a Caribbean strain (Jamaica-06) and the Brazilian one were performed. As no reproductive incompatibility nor competitiveness problems were found, suppression campaigns against the NWS in MERCOSUR could use sterile flies either from the Caribbean basin as from Brazil

Esta investigação tem como principal objeto uma feira de gado localizada próxima a Cidade da Bahia de Todos os Santos: Capuame. Embora a feira fosse constantemente citada pela historiografia como uma das mais importantes do período setecentista, sabia-se muito pouco sobre sua existência. Não havia até o momento estudos a seu respeito fundamentados em consistente base documental. Assim, o primeiro objetivo desta pesquisa é preencher uma lacuna historiográfica, dedicando parte da dissertação ao estudo da primeira feira de gado da América Portuguesa. Compreender sua dinâmica de funcionamento em contexto colonial, analisar a sua relação com o processo de territorialização dos sertões baianos através da produção da mercadoria gado e a simultânea conexão com um dos principais portos e praças comerciais do Atlântico Sul são aspectos fundamentais para redimensionar a importância da pecuária para a reprodução da economia e da sociedade colonial. / The main object of this investigation is a cattle fair located near the Cidade da Bahia de Todos os Santos: Capuame. Although the fair has been constantly quoted by historiography as one of the most important of the eighteenth century, very little was known about its existence. There had not been any studies based on consistent document analysis. Thus, our first goal has been to fill in a historiographical gap, dedicating part of this thesis to the study of Portuguese America\'s first livestock fair. To understand its functioning dynamics in a colonial context, to analyse its relationship with the process of Bahia\'s sertões (dryland) territorialisation through the production of cattle industry as goods and the simultaneous connection with one of South Atlantic\'s main seaports as well as commercial squares are all fundamental aspects to redimension the importance of livestock breeding for the reproduction of the colonial society and economy.

Traçar o perfil de uma determinada área de pesquisa é uma tarefa subjetiva que precisa ser devidamente orientada para apresentar resultados práticos e úteis para a tomada de decisões. A abordagem qualitativa de análise de textos é recente nas Ciências Agrárias e permite investigar a evolução dos estudos de interesse. A produção de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) é um fenômeno importante e vem ganhando destaque mundial. Pesquisadores de diversas comunidades científicas desenvolvem técnicas para quantificar a emissão de gases, motivados por diferentes questões sociais, políticas e ambientais. No Brasil, a pecuária bovina exerce pressão quanto à necessidade de conhecer as emissões e quantificá-las, pois a atividade é considerada uma fonte significativa de GEE, o que pode ser prejudicial aos exportadores brasileiros. A população mundial exige produtos de qualidade e eticamente viáveis, do ponto de vista do bem estar animal e da sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e isto será o que motivará o consumo consciente e sustentável. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar as estratégias de quantificação dos GEE produzidos in situ, por meio de técnicas de mensurações de gases e outras metodologias que acusam o uso da terra pela pecuária bovina. Realizaram-se buscas exaustivas nas bases de dados Google Scholar, Portal Capes, Biblioteca Brasileira Digital de Teses e Dissertações, ISI web of Science e CAB abstracts, no período de publicação de 2000 a 2010 para a recuperação de textos nacionais e de 2005 a 2010 para textos de referência internacional. Após os testes para a estratégia de busca e leitura dos textos, foram selecionados 79 estudos, 27 nacionais e 52 internacionais. Os temas revisados mostraram objetos de estudo como a mudança e uso da terra, emissão de gases por pastagem e dejetos de animais, emissão por fermentação entérica e análise de emissões gerais em escala micrometeorológica. Concluiu-se que as pesquisas nacionais analisadas, exceto estudos sobre mudança e uso da terra, ainda apresentam aspectos exploratórios sobre seus temas, mostrando estudos de casos com o auxílio de técnicas conhecidas e questionamentos direcionados aos processos de mitigação. / To trace a profile of a particular area is a subjective task that needs to be properly oriented to show practical and useful results for decisions. The qualitative approach of papers analysis is recent in Agricultural Sciences and it is is a way to know about the evolution of interest theme. The production of greenhouse gases (GHG) is an important phenomenon and has gained prominence in the world. Researchers from various scientific communities develop techniques to quantify the emissions, motivated by social, political and environmental questions. In Brazil, the livestock industry press about the need to know emissions and quantify it, because the activity is considered a significant source of greenhouse gases, which can be harmful to Brazilian exporters. The world population requires quality and ethically viable products, from the viewpoint of animal welfare and environmental sustainability, this is what will motivate the awareness and sustainable consumer. The aim of this study was to identify strategies for GHG quantification in situ, through measuring gases techniques and other methodologies that accuse the land use for cattle livestock. Exhaustive searches in the databases: Google Scholar, Portal Capes, Biblioteca Brasileira Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), ISI Web of Science and CAB abstracts, looking for national publication from 2000 to 2010 and from 2005 to 2010 to international publications were made. After testing for the search strategy and reading the texts, 79 studies were selected, 27 national and 52 international. The topics reviewed showed the objects of study: land use changes, greenhouse gas emissions by grazing and animal waste, emission by enteric fermentation and analysis of overall emissions in micrometeorological scale. It was concluded that national research analyzed, with the exception of studies on land use change, still present exploratory aspects of their topics, showing case studies with the aid of known techniques and questions directed to the mitigation processes.

Thesis (M. Agricultural Management (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / Ethno veterinary medicine practices are popular among the resource constrained small-holder farmers. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of traditional remedies particularly the indigenous plants has not been extensively documented. Hence, this study was conducted to determine efficacy of indigenous plant extracts used by small-holder farmers in Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa for internal parasites control. Information on indigenous plants used for the control of internal parasites of livestock by local farmers in the study area was gathered through a questionnaire survey. A total of 188 livestock farmers (both males and females) of mixed ages were interviewed. Thirteen different plants were frequently mentioned by the respondents as remedies for livestock internal parasites. Of these, seven plants could be identified up to their families and species. Plant species collected were Dicerocaryum sp (50%), Pappeacapensis (61%), Aloe ferox (90%), Helichrysum sp (56%), Senecio congestus (83%), Senecio barbertonicus (67%) and Gardenia sp (73%). These plants were extracted using distilled water and analysed to determine their efficacy through in vitro assays; Egg hatch, larval development and larval mortality assays. All the assays were performed at different concentrations of 2.5mg/ml, 5.0mg/ml and 7.5mg/ml. The nematode third stage larvae were incubated for 24hr, 48hr and 72hr during the larval mortality assay. The present study showed that all the seven-plant species under investigation possessed some anthelmintic activities of varying strength. The highest egg hatch inhibition was observed from the extracts of Senecio barbertonicus with 100 % and the lowest from Dicerocaryum eriocarpum with 2.25 %, for larval development the highest was Gardenia sp 100 % and the lowest Helichrysum sp 26 % at concentration 7.5 mg/mL respectively. Whereas, the highest in larval mortality assay was Senecio barbertonicus and Gardenia sp achieved 100 % after 48hrs and the lowest was Dicerocaryum eriocarpum with49.89 % after 72hrs at concentration 7.5 mg/mL respectively. The use of other different forms of extraction media is recommended because different results can observe and be compared with the results of the present study. Toxicity studies on the indigenous plants observed to have stronger anthelmintic activities would assist in the future recommendation of these remedies for large scale or commercial use as anthelmintic drugs. Keywords: ethno veterinary medicine, gastrointestinal parasites, anthelmintic

Staphylococcus aureus has been extensively studied, yet it remains unclear why certain individuals continually carry the bacteria while others do not. Livestock workers are known to be at an increased risk of S. aureus colonization, but have not been as studied as other high risk groups, including hospitalized patients, have been. Culture based studies have shown other bacteria may decrease the likelihood of S. aureus colonization. Here, we utilize 16s rRNA sequencing to better characterize the ecologic relationships between S. aureus and the other microbes in the nares and oropharynx in a population of livestock workers. A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was conducted enrolling 59 participants (26 of which had livestock contact) in Iowa. Participants were enrolled in one of four ways: from an existing prospective cohort study (n=38), from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources Animal Feeding Operations database (n=17), through Iowa county fairs (n=3), and through snowball sampling (n=1). We collected two sets of swabs from the nares and oropharynx of each participant. The first set of swabs was used to assess the microbiome via 16s rRNA sequencing and the second was used to culture S. aureus. We observed livestock workers to have greater diversity in their microbiomes compared to those with no livestock contact. In the nares, there were 26 operational taxonomic units found to be different between livestock workers and non-livestock workers with the greatest difference seen with Streptococcus and Proteobacteria. In the oropharynx, livestock workers with swine exposure were more likely to carry several pathogenic organisms. We also observed colonized livestock workers to be more likely to carry P. gingivalis which may act as a bridge allowing S. aureus to adhere to Streptococcus in the oral cavity. While we observed no significant differences when comparing colonized persons to non-colonized persons in either the nares or oropharynx, Corynebacterium was more abundant in the colonized persons. Colonized individuals also had greater diversity in their nasal microbiome compared to non-colonized individuals. However, when comparing persistently colonized persons to intermittently colonized persons, we found Corynebacterium argentorantense to be more abundant in the persistently colonized individuals. We hypothesized the genera present in the nares and oropharynx of S. aureus carriers would be different from that of non-carriers and there would be differences in the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes based on livestock contact and carrier state (persistent, intermittent, and non-carrier). While there were no significant differences between carriers and non-carriers, we were able to identify several operational taxonomic units that were different between livestock worker carrier and non-carriers as well as differences by carrier state. The results of this study are the first to characterize the livestock worker nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes. Additionally, the results shed light onto several organisms that may be influential in S. aureus carriage. However, further studies are needed to better understand these relationships and determine causality.

L’agriculture est un secteur qui connaît de forts bouleversements depuis plusieurs années en France. Face à cette instabilité croissante, les firmes ont besoin de moyens pour caractériser leur environnement externe et ainsi être en capacité de saisir les opportunités qui se créent. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une méthode d’intelligence technologique qui pourra être intégrée au sein du groupe Avril. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur le cas de la moindre utilisation des antibiotiques dans l’élevage.Dans un premier temps, nous montrons en quoi les méthodes d’intelligence technologique peuvent effectivement apporter un soutien au management de l’innovation chez Avril. Nous étudions l’agro-industrie et plus particulièrement l’élevage à travers les concepts de paradigmes, de trajectoires ou encore de régimes technologiques qui se retrouvent dans la littérature évolutionniste. Nous montrons que le paradigme de l’antibiotique dans la santé animale est toujours d’actualité mais qu’un changement de trajectoire est en cours. Cela justifie le recours aux méthodes d’intelligence technologique.Dans un second temps, nous développerons une méthode d’intelligence technologique pour le groupe, appliquée à la caractérisation des solutions scientifiques et techniques pour une diminution de l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans l’élevage. A l’issue de ce cas, un travail plus poussé sur le cas précis des phages est réalisé. Nous montrons à travers ce travail comment ces méthodes peuvent s’intégrer au sein du processus organisationnel de la firme. / Agriculture is a sector with major upheavals for several years in France. Faced with this growing instability, firms need to characterize their external environment to be able to seize opportunities. This thesis aims to develop a method of competitive technical intelligence that can be integrated in the Avril group. For this, we rely on the case of the lower use of antibiotics in livestock farming.First, we show how competitive technical intelligence methods support the management of innovation in the Avril group. We study agro-industry and more particularly livestock farming through the concepts of technological paradigms, trajectories and regimes that are found in evolutionary literature. We show that the antibiotic’s paradigm in animal health is still relevant, but changes of technological trajectories are in progress. That is why we can use the competitive technical intelligence methods.Secondly, we develop a method of competitive technical intelligence for the Avril group, applied to the characterization of scientific and technical solutions for a decrease in the use of antibiotics in livestock farming. At the end of this case, we work on the case of phages for more precisions. We show through this work how these methods can be integrated in the organizational process of the firm.

Range Rider Programs (RRPs) are one example of a proactive non-lethal tool that has been implemented in western United States to mitigate gray wolf (Canis lupus) and livestock conflicts. Because RRPs are an emerging non-lethal tool that little is known about, I selected a qualitative research approach to examine participant perceptions to further contemporary understanding of how these efforts are implemented and potential benefits. I surveyed 51 participants from 17 Range Rider Programs (RRPs) in Montana, Washington, and Oregon to determine participant perceptions regarding effectiveness of RRPs as a non-lethal approach to mitigate wolf-conflicts. I developed a RRPs typology based on information provided by the participants interviewed. The typology identified 3 versions of RRPs programs that revolved around the role of the range rider. These roles included: 1) livestock monitoring, 2) wolf surveillance, and 3) livestock herding. The RRPs, although diverse in operations, shared traits exemplified by community-based conservation programs. Interview responses suggested a RRP’s primary contribution may not be a direct reduction in livestock depredation by wolves, but instead a collection of indirect technical and socio-political benefits. To improve current RRPs and develop future efforts, programs should be realistic in expectations and the sponsors must work closely with rancher participants to develop an adaptive program that meets their needs, maintains transparent and frequent communication, and provides a forum for feedback.