Research has found that positive affect broadens attention. However, the type of positive affect previously manipulated has been low in approach motivation. High approach-motivated positive affect should reduce the breadth of attention, as organisms shut out irrelevant perceptions and cognitions while they approach and attempt to acquire desired objects. Three studies examined the attentional consequences of approach-motivated positive affect states. Consistent with predictions, participants showed less global attentional focus after viewing approach-motivating positive pictures as compared to neutral pictures (Studies 1 and 2). Specifically, Study 1 used approach-motivating pictures of appetitive desserts, while Study 2 used pictures of cute animals. Neutral pictures were of varying neutral objects. Study 3 manipulated both affect and approach motivation. Less global focus was found for participants who viewed the approach-motivating pictures and had the expectancy to obtain the items as compared to other participant groups. The results indicate that high approach-motivated positive affect reduces the breadth of attentional focus, in contrast to the broadening of attentional focus that has been found with low approach-motivated positive affect.

Research has found that positive affect broadens attention. However, the type of positive affect previously manipulated has been low in approach motivation. High approach-motivated positive affect should reduce the breadth of attention, as organisms shut out irrelevant perceptions and cognitions while they approach and attempt to acquire desired objects. Three studies examined the attentional consequences of approach-motivated positive affect states. Consistent with predictions, participants showed less global attentional focus after viewing approach-motivating positive pictures as compared to neutral pictures (Studies 1 and 2). Specifically, Study 1 used approach-motivating pictures of appetitive desserts, while Study 2 used pictures of cute animals. Neutral pictures were of varying neutral objects. Study 3 manipulated both affect and approach motivation. Less global focus was found for participants who viewed the approach-motivating pictures and had the expectancy to obtain the items as compared to other participant groups. The results indicate that high approach-motivated positive affect reduces the breadth of attentional focus, in contrast to the broadening of attentional focus that has been found with low approach-motivated positive affect.

In this thesis, we study the compatibility between local and global Langlands correspondences for \(GL_n\). This generalizes the compatibility between local and global class field theory and is related to deep conjectures in algebraic geometry and harmonic analysis, such as the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture and the weight monodromy conjecture. Let L be a CM field. We consider the case when \(\Pi\) is a cuspidal automorphic representation of \(GL_n(\mathbb{A}_L^\infty)\), which is conjugate self-dual and regular algebraic. Under these assumptions, there is an l-adic Galois representation \(R_l(\Pi)\) associated to \(\Pi\), which is known to be compatible with the local Langlands correspondence in most cases (for example, when n is odd) and up to semisimplification in general. In this thesis, we complete the proof of the compatibility when \(l \neq p\) by identifying the monodromy operator N on both the local and the global sides. On the local side, the identification amounts to proving the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture for \(\Pi\) as above. On the global side it amounts to proving the weight-monodromy conjecture for part of the cohomology of a certain Shimura variety. / Mathematics

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The waves of modernity linked to the regional development projects in the low part of São Francisco river have not so far meant the rising of social justice and citizenship for local communities, there arising rather a picture of environmental deterioration, social inequalities and subjects living in risk situation. For these artisanal fishers, who have been practicing the extractivism of aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi) for eight years, the species has become an income source, as well as a goal of industries located in Espirito Santo which export and process its fruit, the so-called pink pepper . This research aimed to analyse the socioenvironmental aspects related to the process starting with extractivism and leading up to the transformation in pink pepper in the low parto of São Francisco river, describing the extractivist process prevailing there; it unveils the socioeconomic importance of aroeira extractivism for the artisanal fishers in the region; it identifies the production chain of aoreira in the low part of São Francisco river and tipifies the socioenvironmental conflicts originating in the extractivism of aroeira in the low part of São Francisco river. It is a case study with a qualitative focus whose data analysis is based in hermeneutics from pre interpretation by subjects to the reinterpretation of researcher, combining multiple theoretical, methodological and data approaches, and participation methods alike. The research found out that pink pepper is especially used in food and cosmetics industry, being production chiefly exported to European Union, United States, Canada and Argentina. Such demand causes an unceasing search for new areas of natural occurrence of the species. In this case, it has been integrated into the production chain the municipalities of the low part of São Francisco river: Santana do São Francisco Saúde and Brejo Grande counties Brejão dos Negros county, Pacatuba, Ilha das Flores, in Sergipe, and Piaçabuçu Peba and Sudene counties, in Alagoas. On one hand, the results of intentional extractivism and corporate practice are socioenvironmental conflicts involving different subjects . On the other hand, the pressure on resources leads to environmental degradation, a negative externality stemming from not following technical guidelines, causing areas which should be preserved to become environmentally unsustainable. In exporting markets, pink pepper reaches up to US$ 14/18 while the extractivist gets R$ 1,50 per kilo. In this context, capitalistic structural relations only partially pervades subjects´social life, including them in the production process while alienate them from that of capital growth, a result of economic rationality which turns nature into merchandise. Poverty is a strong factor behind environmental degradation, which causes socioenvironmental conflicts in the low part of São Francisco river (SE/AL). For extractivist fishers such a practice comes as an alternative to family income, which is accepted because of the lack of opportunities to provide for family needs in face of failing fishing in the region. Thus, aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi) could be part of a proposal of sustainable development for the region. Especially so if one considers the immense poverty prevailing in the collecting areas, where new managing practices have been introduced which include the participation of local communities so as to improve surviving conditions. / As ondas modernizadoras relacionadas aos projetos de desenvolvimento regional no Baixo São Francisco não resultaram em justiça social e cidadania para as comunidades locais, existindo um quadro de desigualdades sociais, degradação ambiental e atores em situação de risco social. A exemplo dos pescadores artesanais, que há oito anos praticam o extrativismo da aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi), espécie nativa que por uma demanda das indústrias processadoras-exportadora desse fruto, a pimenta-rosa , localizadas no estado do Espírito Santo tornou-se uma alternativa de renda às comunidades locais. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: analisar os aspectos socioambientais envolvidos do extrativismo até a transformação em pimenta-rosa a partir do Baixo São Francisco SE/AL, descrevendo o processo extrativista preponderante no local; conhecer a importância sócio-econômica do extrativismo da aroeira para os pescadores artesanais da região; identificar a cadeia produtiva da aroeira a partir do Baixo São Francisco SE/AL e tipificar os conflitos socioambientais envolvidos no extrativismo da aroeira no Baixo São Francisco. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com enfoque qualitativo, cuja análise dos dados orientou-se na hermenêutica a partir da pré-interpretação dos atores para uma reintrepretação do pesquisador, combinando múltiplas perspectivas teóricas, metodológica e de dados, juntamente com métodos participativos. A pesquisa identificou que a pimentarosa destina-se a indústria de alimentos com o uso especialmente na culinária e na indústria de cosmético, com a produção voltada aos países da União Européia, Estados Unidos, Canadá e Argentina. Dessa demanda resulta, a constante procura por novas áreas de ocorrência natural da espécie como, nesse caso, integrou-se a cadeia produtiva dos municípios do Baixo São Francisco SE/AL: Santana do São Francisco - povoado Saúde, Brejo Grande povoado Brejão dos Negros, Pacatuba, Ilha das Flores, em Sergipe e; Piaçabuçu povoado Sudene e Peba, em Alagoas. Por um lado, os resultados da ação intencional da prática extrativista e empresarial têm conseqüências como os conflitos de natureza socioambiental (de uso dos recursos naturais) entre diversos atores envolvidos. Por outro, a pressão sobre o recurso gera degradação ambiental, uma externalidade negativa por não seguir orientações técnicas, tornando-se não sustentável ambientalmente em áreas que devem estar sendo preservadas. No extrativismo e comercialização a pimenta-rosa no mercado exterior alcança o preço em dólar de US$ 14/18kg e o extrativista recebe por essa atividade o valor de R$1,50/kg. Nesse contexto, as relações estruturais do capitalismo penetram de forma parcial em circunstâncias da vida social dos atores, incluindo-os no processo de produção de mercadoria e excluindo-os do processo de ampliação do capital na racionalidade econômica que avança sobre elementos da natureza para torná-los mercadoria. A condição de pobreza é uma grande aliada da degradação ambiental que gera os conflitos socioambientais no Baixo São Francisco (SE/AL). Para os pescadores-extrativistas essa prática se apresenta como uma alternativa de complementação à renda familiar, cuja adesão decorre da ausência de oportunidades para garantir a sobrevivência, diante do declínio da pesca na região. Portanto, a aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi) poderia fazer parte de uma proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável para essa região. Sobretudo, diante das condições paupérrimas das populações nos locais de coleta e gestão até então ausente, envolvendo a participação das comunidades locais como parceiras, visando melhorar as condições de sobrevivência.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Luz Alves.pdf: 1500589 bytes, checksum: 3bc87d3a503db71c24ce3f11e9eea48c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é apresentar e discutir as mudanças ideológicas que marcaram a produção de videodanças da cidade de Fortaleza, nos últimos cinco anos. O foco principal do estudo são os jovens artistas cearenses Gerson Moreno, da Companhia Balé Baião de Dança Contemporânea, e Paulo José, responsável pelo Núcleo de Doc-Dança. Embora a linguagem do videodança venha sendo considerada ultrapassada por vários setores, diante das mudanças tecnológicas e conceituais promovidas pelo YouTube e por outros dispositivos midiáticos, a hipótese desta pesquisa é que existe uma epistemologia local que marca a produção dos videodanças produzidos na cidade de Fortaleza, politizando radicalmente o papel desta mídia, dentro e fora da cidade. Para fundamentar a discussão, partimos dos estudos sobre a profanação, desenvolvidos por Giorgio Agamben (2007), da noção de ecologia dos saberes, proposta por Boaventura Souza Santos (2010), e da Teoria Corpomídia, elaborada por Katz e Greiner (2005, 2010). O resultado esperado é a análise dos videodanças selecionados e a ampliação de uma discussão política que extrapola o âmbito dos estudos da linguagem, uma vez que se desdobra através da reelaboração de conceitos como identidade local, relações de poder e fronteiras da comunicação.

Over twenty years of research have examined the cognitive consequences of positive affect states, and suggested that positive affect leads to a broadening of cognition. However, this research has primarily examined positive affect that is low in approach motivational intensity (e.g. contentment). In my program of research, I have systematically examined positive affect that varies in approach motivational intensity, and found that positive affect high in approach motivation (e.g. desire) narrow cognition, whereas positive affect low in approach motivation broaden cognition. In this dissertation, I will review past models and present a motivational dimension model of affect that expands understanding of how affective states influence attentional and cognitive breadth. I then review a body of research that has varied the motivational intensity of positive and negative affect and found that affect of low motivational intensity broadens cognitive processes, whereas affect of high motivational intensity narrows cognitive processes. Furthermore, a bi-directional link exists between attentional narrowing and approach motivation, such that a narrowed attentional focus to appetitive stimuli causes greater approach motivation than a broadened attentional focus.

This dissertation presents and analyzes two new algorithms for sparse direct solution methods based on the use of local-global solution (LOGOS) modes. One of the new algorithms is a rigorous error control strategy for LOGOS-based matrix factorizations that utilize overlapped, localizing modes (OL-LOGOS) on a shifted grid. The use of OL-LOGOS modes is critical to obtaining asymptotically efficient factorizations from LOGOS-based methods. Unfortunately, the approach also introduces a non-orthogonal basis function structure. This can cause errors to accumulate across levels of a multilevel implementation, which has previously posed a barrier to rigorous error control for the OL-LOGOS factorization method. This limitation is overcome, and it is shown that it is possible to efficiently decouple the fundamentally non-orthogonal factorization subspaces in a manner that prevents multilevel error propagation. This renders the OL-LOGOS factorization error controllable in a relative RMS sense. The impact of the new, error-controlled OL-LOGOS factorization algorithm on computational resource utilization is discussed and several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the improved algorithm relative to previously reported results. The second algorithmic development considered is the development of efficient out-of-core (OOC) versions of the OL-LOGOS factorization algorithm that allow associated software tools to take advantage of additional resources for memory management. The proposed OOC algorithm incorporates a memory page definition that is tailored to match the flow of the OL-LOGOS factorization procedure. Efficiency of the function of the part is evaluated using a quantitative approach, because the tested massive storage device performances do not follow analytical results. The performance latency and the memory usage of the resulting OOC tools are compared with in-core performance results. Both the new error control algorithm and the OOC method have been incorporated into previously existing software tools, and the dissertation presents results for real-world simulation problems.

Community, as traditionally conceptualized, has been an issue of widespread conversation and analysis. The conversation on community is extended here by engaging in the business practice of fair trade, which boasts of being an ethical entrepreneurial force that places its ideological focus on creating sustainable and fair communities that directly connects producers and consumers. Fair trade claims to bridge wage discrepancies, retailers goals and consumer concerns for social and environmental responsibility, however, the extent to which it is indeed effective in creating such a sustainable community in varied cultural and economic contexts is explored and analyzed in this project. The growing presence of “alternative” business spaces, specifically fair-trade organizations in Bangladesh, are focused on in this project, to study their role in community building, one that deviates from a so-called mainstream “capitalocentric” consumer society development model. Global fair-trade organizations like Aarong, Bangladesh and Bibi Productions that are located (and originated) outside the Global North/West are investigated and analyzed. Through this qualitative research project, the meanings and values that people attach to consuming products that stem from a production process that very self-consciously sets itself apart in its ethical production practices is investigated. Through an exploration of Fair-Trade Consumer Culture in Bangladesh, the fixed notion of the trade concept is challenged and the need for a new framework that is more inclusive and appropriate to the geo-political context of Bangladesh emerges, one that can revolutionize the applicability of the term beyond its current state.