Der Fernbus ist eines der attraktivsten Verkehrsmittel, das den Fernreisenden im deutschen Fernverkehrsangebot seit dem Jahr 2013 zur Verfügung steht. Das steigende Bedürfnis nach flexibler und intermodaler Mobilität kann der Fernbus vor allem bei jungen Menschen auf eine bequeme und kostengünstige Art befriedigen. Als Teil des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs und als Massenverkehrsmittel wird er dabei als besonders umweltfreundlich wahrgenommen und ihm ein besonders geringer CO2-Ausstoß unterstellt. Im Hinblick auf die durch den Staat gesetzten Ziele einer nachhaltigen Mobilität und dem Umdenken in der Verkehrsmittelwahl hin zu öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln sollte er daher helfen können, diese Ziele zu erreichen. Im Zuge einer ersten Analyse des Fernbusmarktes, welche aktuelle Marktentwicklungen, Folgen für deutsche Kommunen und umweltrelevante Rahmenbedingungen beschreibt, konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, dass die statistischen Grundlagen für eine ausführliche Bewertung, verkehrlich wie auch ökologisch, nicht ausreichend vorhanden sind. Diese Arbeit hat es sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, ein grundlegendes Erhebungskonzept für den Fernbusverkehr zu erstellen. Dabei wurden notwendige Kenngrößen, wie z.B. die Herkunft der Fernbusnutzer oder die Auslastung der Fernbusse, als Schwerpunkte der Erhebung identifiziert und ein Konzept unter der Zuhilfenahme aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse erstellt. Um die praktische Anwendbarkeit des Erhebungskonzepts zu prüfen und erste Erkenntnisse zu erlangen, wurde das Konzept in einem Testrahmen für den Standort Dresden erprobt. Im Anschluss der Erhebung wurden die gesammelten Daten einer ersten Auswertung unterzogen und im Rahmen einer Analyse aufbereitet vorgestellt. Abschließend konnte unter der Verwendung der erhobenen Auslastungen eine vereinfachte Umweltbilanz ermittelt und in einen Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Studien gestellt werden. Es zeigte sich dabei, dass der Fernbus auch unter den aktuell sehr harten Wettbewerbsbedingungen mit vielen parallelen Angeboten und Konkurrenten durchaus einen ökologischen und umweltschonenden Verkehr anbieten kann.

Orientador: Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schmidt_Ademir_D.pdf: 56451276 bytes, checksum: 5b096a2973998a3ce6ed8b83c8ddc707 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As corridas de longa distância, sejam de caráter competitivo ou de promoção da saúde, geram cargas compressivas consideráveis no sistema locomotor. Essas cargas, se não adequadamente distribuídas, predispõem os praticantes a lesões crônicas e agudas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a distribuição da pressão plantar e do equilíbrio corporal em corredores de longa distância. Participaram do estudo 17 corredores de longa distância do sexo masculino com idade X = 28,5 :t 9,5 anos, peso X = 63,6 :t 6,9 Kg e altura X = 173,5 :t 7,0 cm. A seleção dos sujeitos foi feita segundo critérios de acessibilidade. Para o estudo da distribuição da pressão plantar e do equiHbrio corporal, foi utilizado um baropodômetro eletrônico para realizar uma análise estática, dinâmica (andando e correndo) e uma análise estabilométrica. Os três testes foram realizados com os corredores inicialmente descalços e posteriormente utilizando seu tênis de corrida. Além da análise baropodométrica, os sujeitos responderam um questionário contendo 23 perguntas sobre sua rotina de treino, índice de lesões sofridas, distância percorrida semanalmente, dentre outras. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste paramétrico t-Student para grupos independentes. Os resultados da análise baropodométrica estática dos corredores demonstraram distribuição assimétrica da carga entre os membros inferiores, com maior carga direcionada para a parte anterior do pé direito. A distribuição da pressão plantar revelou maior carga na parte anterior do pé esquerdo nos testes dinâmicos com os corredores descalços, enquanto que nos testes com o calçado esportivo não foram detectadas diferenças significantes. Foi constatado que os corredores avaliados realizam o contato pé-solo predominantemente com a parte anterior do pé. O uso do calçado esportivo não apresentou nenhuma interferência específica nos testes realizados. A oscilação do centro de pressão foi maior nos testes monopodálicos. O estudo do equilíbrio corporal demonstrou significativa dependência do sistema visual e tendência de maior oscilação do centro de pressão no eixo X / Abstract: Long distance running as a competitive way or even to promote health produces considerable compressive load on the locomotor system. If this load is not properly distributed, it makes practitioners prone to chronic and acute injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the plantar pressure distribution and body balance in long distance runners. In total 17 male long distance runners were considered for this study with age X = 28.5 :t 9.5, weight X = 63.6 :t 6.9 kg and height X = 173.5 :t 7.0 cm. The selection of individuaIs was done by following accessibility criteria. To perform the study ofthe plantar pressure distribution and body balance an electronic baropodometer was used. The baropodometric tests comprised a static, a dynamic (walking and running) and a stabilometric analysis. All tests were performed initially barefoot and afterwards with the runners wearing their running shoes. The individuaIs also responded to a 23 question survey about their practice routine, injury incidence, distance performed during the week and so forth. A parametric t-Student test for independent groups was used for the statistic analysis. The results of the static baropodometric analysis showed asymmetric pressure distribution between the lower extremities, with greater pressure directed to the right forefoot. The plantar pressure distribution reveled grater load directed to the left forefoot in the dynamic tests performed with the sport running shoes, meanwhile no significant differences were detected in the barefoot tests. The results also demonstrated that the runners evaluated in this study were predominantly forefoot strikers. The running shoes did not show any specific influence on the tests results. Oscillation of the center of pressure was greater in the unilateral tests. The body balance study revealed significant visual system dependence and a tendency of greater oscillations ofthe center ofpressure on the X-axis / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física

Technological developments have brought at the forefront the virtual communication in the business world. In our day and age it is difficult to find teams in organizations that do not rely in long distance communication even partially. Leaders bear the responsibility to secure quick and smooth transition of information among the members of their teams as well as to foster an environment that promotes trust and fuels motivation. We conducted this exploratory case study using the abductive approach and the qualitative method. Our aim was to gain a better understanding on how the leaders perceive trust and motivation in a virtual communication setting. Therefore, we send out questionnaires to leaders that volunteered to participate in our study and we adopted the pragmatist philosophy in an attempt to provide valuable insights and practical recommendations to leaders that are managing teams in an electronic environment. The results of our study suggest that leaders perceive the long distance communication mediated through technology to be something positive to the success of their teams as they consider it to actually increase efficiency, provide a more straightforward style of communication that enables their followers to take on more responsibility for the results of their work as well as an increase in productivity.

abstract: Exchange is fundamental to the establishment and maintenance of social institutions and political economies in all scales of societies. While today people rapidly exchange goods and information over great distances, in the past, long-distance exchange necessitated the mobilization of vast networks of interaction with substantial transport costs. Objects traded over long distances were often valuable and challenging to obtain, granting them multifaceted significance that is difficult to understand using traditional archaeological approaches. This research examines human interactions with scarlet macaws (Ara macao) in the United States (U.S.) Southwest and Mexican Northwest (SW/NW) between 900 and 1450 CE. This period saw large-scale cultural change in the form of migrations, rapid population aggregation, and an expansion of long-distance exchange relations in regional centers at Pueblo Bonito (900-1150 CE) in northwestern New Mexico, Wupatki (1085-1220 CE) in north-central Arizona, and Paquimé (1200-1450 CE) in northern Chihuahua. Despite the distant natural habitat of scarlet macaws, their importation, exchange, and sacrifice appear to have played integral roles in the process of placemaking at these three regional centers. Here, I use an Archaeology of the Human Experience approach and combine radiogenic strontium isotope analysis with detailed contextual analyses using a Material Histories theoretical framework to (1) discern whether macaws discovered in the SW/NW were imported or raised locally, (2) characterize the acquisition, treatment and deposition of macaws at Pueblo Bonito, Wupatki, and Paquimé, and (3) identify patterns of continuity or change in acquisition and deposition of macaws over time and across space in the SW/NW. Findings from radiogenic strontium isotope analysis indicate that scarlet macaws from all case studies were primarily raised locally in the SW/NW, though at Paquimé, macaws were procured from sites in the Casas Grandes region and extra-regionally. Variation in the treatment and deposition of scarlet macaws suggests that despite their prevalence, macaws were interpreted and interacted with in distinctly local ways. Examination of the human experience of transporting and raising macaws reveals previously unconsidered challenges for keeping macaws. Overall, variation in the acquisition and deposition of scarlet macaws indicates changing strategies for placemaking in the SW/NW between 900 and 1450 CE. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2020

It is becoming a problem that the number of people who have loneliness by a physical distance between family members has lately kept increasing. Home is not only about space, but also about where an individual makes memories, feels secured with its familiarity and feels comfortable with his or her family member(s). Individuals, who live alone and feel lonely, have not been getting these senses. The available ways of connection between remote family members are not enough.  The aim of the research is to understand the current condition of the connection between remote family members to map pain points. The purpose is to develop a product that can decrease a sense of loneliness and increase positive emotions through an experience which makes a lonely individual feel a little bit more connected to a long-distance family in everyday life.  Based on the in-depth interviews, eight insights and two kinds of stakeholders, whom the connection should be made between, was revealed. Over forty ideas were created to solve the problem of loneliness based on the defined insights and stakeholders, and the ideas were narrowed down on the criteria of to what extent the idea can satisfy the revealed insights and to what extent the connection created by each idea can last easily between the two stakeholders.  The resulting product called One Home Lamp can provide an emotionally warmer experience to a target user than other similar products do with four main features: 1) a connection which lasts in everyday life in a way that everyone can keep in touch with each other more easily, 2) a better sense of identity which belongs to each family by customization with colour and stickers, 3) a better sense of belongingness towards a family by seeing an imaginal house where you and your family live together, 4) a better sense of touch which is closer to human warmth with the material and soft texture used.  The result is beneficial for modern societies in terms of the fact that it has a great possibility to reduce loneliness, increase positive emotions and improve well-being among lonely individuals which is one of the sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 advocated by the United Nations General Assembly.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21806号 / 農博第2319号 / 新制||農||1065(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5178(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 松井 徹, 教授 久米 新一, 教授 廣岡 博之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Introduction: Running economy (RE) is known to be a strong indicator for performance on long distance running. RE is improved by plyometric training through an increase in stiffness in the musculotendinous system. Stretch shorten cycle (SSC) is a function in the muscle where a contraction is preceded by a stretch or an eccentric action. Orienteering is an endurance sport where RE is important for performance. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine whether or not there is a correlation between jumping performance and performance on long distance running in young elite orienteers 16-19 years old. Methods: 34 young elite orienteers did drop jumps (DJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) on an ErgoJump Bosco System contact mat. In conjunction with the jumps time on a 5 or 7 km (for girls and boys respectively) running test was collected. Pearson's correlation test was then used to determine the correlation between jumping height and running velocity. Results: The jumping height of the CMJ was on average 30,46 cm and 28,24 cm for the DJ. The running velocity was on average 14,19 km/h. Pearson's correlation test for the correlation between DJ and running velocity was 0,463 and for the correlation between CMJ and running velocity it was 0,461. In both cases the significance was 0,006. Conclusions: There is a significant, moderate to strong correlation between jump height in DJ and CMJ and performance on long distance running on a running test in young elite orienteers.

Public rail transport interiors must be adaptable and cater to a wide target market to address the diverse needs of the South African public. Local rail transport competes directly with air travel for market share. Currently, local rail transport fails on both accounts. The failure to invest in and update rail infrastructure has resulted in a desperate need to play catch up with decades of international railway evolution – a need especially visible in the interiors of local long-haul trains. The design and aesthetic identity of transport interiors are generic, dated and fail to address the functional and aesthetic needs of contemporary South African travellers. As a result, these interiors fail to establish an identity synonymous with our unique demographic makeup. The current state of local long-haul passenger rail interiors was investigated through the use of a heuristic inquiry. An Electro Star Multiple Unit train structure was then selected in which an interior insertion is made. Hamba-Kahle addresses the physical and psychological discomfort in the train interior, the absence of social spaces, the disregard for wayfinding and the lack of contextual identity. The design challenges the insular train interior layout and divides the interior into different spatial zones. A Budget Sitter car, Premium Sitter car, Budget Sleeper and Universal Car provides seating variation for passengers and in turn integrates a wide target market. Break-away spaces are also incorporated. The programme and the spaces it creates assist the interior in mediating between private and public spaces. It facilitates chance encounters and supports retractable privacy. The interior reinforces adaptability in the use of spaces while adhering to universal design principles. The scenery from the surrounding landscapes is used in the design to enrich the interior spaces and improve the embodied experience of the user. In establishing a contemporary South African identity, a sense of place is created with which passengers can identify and feel physically, psychologically and socially comfortable in. / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MInt(Prof) / Unrestricted

Der Fernbus ist eines der attraktivsten Verkehrsmittel, das den Fernreisenden im deutschen Fernverkehrsangebot seit dem Jahr 2013 zur Verfügung steht. Das steigende Bedürfnis nach flexibler und intermodaler Mobilität kann der Fernbus vor allem bei jungen Menschen auf eine bequeme und kostengünstige Art befriedigen. Als Teil des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs und als Massenverkehrsmittel wird er dabei als besonders umweltfreundlich wahrgenommen und ihm ein besonders geringer CO2-Ausstoß unterstellt. Im Hinblick auf die durch den Staat gesetzten Ziele einer nachhaltigen Mobilität und dem Umdenken in der Verkehrsmittelwahl hin zu öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln sollte er daher helfen können, diese Ziele zu erreichen. Im Zuge einer ersten Analyse des Fernbusmarktes, welche aktuelle Marktentwicklungen, Folgen für deutsche Kommunen und umweltrelevante Rahmenbedingungen beschreibt, konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, dass die statistischen Grundlagen für eine ausführliche Bewertung, verkehrlich wie auch ökologisch, nicht ausreichend vorhanden sind. Diese Arbeit hat es sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, ein grundlegendes Erhebungskonzept für den Fernbusverkehr zu erstellen. Dabei wurden notwendige Kenngrößen, wie z.B. die Herkunft der Fernbusnutzer oder die Auslastung der Fernbusse, als Schwerpunkte der Erhebung identifiziert und ein Konzept unter der Zuhilfenahme aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse erstellt. Um die praktische Anwendbarkeit des Erhebungskonzepts zu prüfen und erste Erkenntnisse zu erlangen, wurde das Konzept in einem Testrahmen für den Standort Dresden erprobt. Im Anschluss der Erhebung wurden die gesammelten Daten einer ersten Auswertung unterzogen und im Rahmen einer Analyse aufbereitet vorgestellt. Abschließend konnte unter der Verwendung der erhobenen Auslastungen eine vereinfachte Umweltbilanz ermittelt und in einen Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Studien gestellt werden. Es zeigte sich dabei, dass der Fernbus auch unter den aktuell sehr harten Wettbewerbsbedingungen mit vielen parallelen Angeboten und Konkurrenten durchaus einen ökologischen und umweltschonenden Verkehr anbieten kann.

This paper focuses on the history and future of Kenyan Long-Distance Running.