Le seul vrai livre, pour Proust, est la traduction des impressions perdues dont la trace subsiste dans notre mémoire sensible. Les personnages entrent dans le texte de la Recherche en frappant la sensibilité du héros. Or, « toujours déjà là, » la grand-mère, comme la mère, relève d'une réalité qui ne s'est jamais imprimée, une réalité antérieure à la conscience du narrateur et de ce fait, antérieure au texte. Néanmoins, la grand-mère est une mère qui vieillit et qui meurt. Alors, elle apparaît au narrateur, suivant ainsi le chemin inverse de l'altérité. De présence immédiate pour le héros, il lui faudra devenir autre, une vieille femme étrangère, indéfinie dans son geste vers la mort, afin que le texte lui restitue une première impression. C'est précisément dans cette distance à parcourir, cet itinéraire entre l'immédiateté du départ et la première impression, que la spécificité du personnage de la grand-mère touche à ce que Proust qualifierait lui-même de « névralgie » de son texte. La réalité maternelle, pour devenir objet du style littéraire, doit se plier au trait de l'écrivain. Or, le personnage de mère, telle qu'il est élaboré dans la Recherche, résiste à ce « fléchissement ». Le personnage de grand-mère permet à Proust d'exprimer la réalité de la mère qui se dégrade et qui meurt, une mère que la main du fils devenant écrivain rend malléable. / According to Proust, the only true work is one translated from lost impressions, still sustained in our memory of senses. Characters enter the text of the Recherche by hitting the hero's sensibility. However, the grandmother, toujours déjà là (always already there) like the mother, belongs to a reality that has never imprinted itself, a reality that is anterior both to the narrator's consciousness and to the text. Nevertheless, the grandmother is a mother who ages and dies. Then only she appears to the narrator, but in reverse direction to the general introduction of alterity. She must become another woman, old, unknown, and indefinite in her gesture towards death in order for the text to give her back a « first impression ». It is precisely in this distance - which is also an itinerary - between the immediacy from the beginning and this first impression, that the grandmother's specificity approaches what Proust would call a neuralgia of his text. In order to become an object for literary style, the mother must bend (se plier) to the writer's stroke. Yet, the mother character, as it is elaborated in the Recherche, seems to resist this bend. The grandmother character allows Proust to express the reality of the mother's decay and death, a mother made malleable by the hand of a son becoming a writer.

Thesis (MA (English Literature))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Seventeenth-century England witnessed a time of radical sociopolitical conflict and transition. This thesis aims to examine how two writers closely associated with this period and its controversies, John Milton and Andrew Marvell, represent events as they unfold. This thesis focuses specifically on Milton’s Paradise Lost and Marvell’s Cromwellian poems in order to show how these poets reinterpret established literary conventions and invoke traditional Puritan practices in order to explain and legitimise the precarious new dispensation of post-Civil War England. At the same time, their work produces ambiguities and tensions that threaten to undermine the very discourse that they attempt to endorse. Both poets’ work indicates an active involvement in the political embroilments of their time while retaining its aesthetic value. Therefore, these texts do not only function on an aesthetic level but also within the historical framework of political ideologies. The focus of this thesis is a discussion of the relationship between politics and poetry, with the emphasis on poetry of conflict and transition in civil society. In other words, it is not only considered how different poetic genres reflect social and political change in different ways but also how these genres in turn contribute to political rhetoric. During the English Revolution Milton and Marvell try to provide solutions for the political disturbance, even while remaining aware of the new conflicts produced in the attempt.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus VCB_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 2643130 bytes, checksum: 5d46e76949be4c4eb0ad9dfdafb24bcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 / The materials engineering includes processes and products involving several areas of engineering, allowing them to prepare materials that fulfill the needs of various new products. In this case, this work aims to study a system composed of cement paste and geopolymers, which can contribute to solving an engineering problem that directly involves the exploitation of oil wells subject to loss of circulation. To correct it, has been already proposed the use of granular materials, fibers, reducing the drilling fluid or cement paste density and even surface and downhole mixed systems. In this work, we proposed the development of a slurry mixed system, the first was a cement-based slurry and the second a geopolymer-based slurry. The cement-based slurry was formulated with low density and extenders, 12.0 ppg (1.438 g/cm ?), showing great thixotropic characteristics. It was added nano silica at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gps (66.88, 133.76 and 200.64 L/m3) and CaCl2 at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 0 and 1.5%. The second system is a geopolymer-based paste formulated from molar ratios of 3.5 (nSiO2/nAl2O3), 0.27 (nK2O/nSiO2), 1.07 (nK2O/nAl2O3) and 13.99 (nH2O/nK2O). Finally, we performed a mixture of these two systems, for their application for correction of circulation lost. To characterize the raw materials, XRD, XRF, FTIR analysis and titration were performed. The both systems were characterized in tests based on API RP10B. Compressive strength tests were conducted after curing for 24 hours, 7 and 28 days at 58 ?C on the cement-based system and the geopolymer-based system. From the mixtures have been performed mixability tests and micro structural characterizations (XRD, SEM and TG). The results showed that the nano silica, when combined with CaCl2 modified the rheological properties of the cement slurry and from the concentration of 1.5 gpc (200.64 L / m?) it was possible to obtain stable systems. The system mixture caused a change in the microstructure of the material by favoring the rate of geopolymer formation to hinder the C3S phase hydration, thus, the production of CSH phases and Portlandite were harmed. Through the mixability tests it can be concluded that the system, due to reduced setting time of the mixture, can be applied to plug lost circulation zones when mixed downhole / A engenharia de materiais abrange processos e produtos envolvendo v?rias ?reas da engenharia, permitindo que sejam preparados materiais que atendam a v?rias necessidades de novos produtos. Neste caso, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar um sistema de pasta composto por cimento e geopol?meros, que possa contribuir para a resolu??o de um problema de engenharia que envolve diretamente a explora??o de po?os de petr?leo sujeitos ? perda de circula??o. Para corrigi-la, j? foi proposto na literatura o uso de materiais granulares, fibrosos, redu??o da densidade do fluido de perfura??o ou pasta de cimento e at? mesmo sistemas mistos de fluidos misturados na superf?cie ou no fundo do po?o. Neste trabalho, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um sistema misto de pastas, sendo o primeiro ? base de cimento Portland e o segundo ? base de geopol?mero. A pasta ? base de cimento, foi formulada com baixa massa espec?fica e aditivos extendedores, 12,0 lb/gal (1,438 g/cm?), apresentando grande car?ter tixotr?pico. Essa pasta foi aditivada com nanoss?lica, em concentra??es de 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 gpc (66,88; 133,76 e 200,64 L/m3) e CaCl2, em concentra??es de 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 %. A segunda pasta se constitui ? base de geopol?mero, sendo formulada a partir das raz?es molares de 3,5 (nSiO2/nAl2O3); 0,27 (nK2O/nSiO2); 1,07 (nK2O/nAl2O3) e 13,99 (nH2O/nK2O). E por fim, foi realizada a mistura desses dois sistemas, visando sua aplica??o para corre??o de perda de circula??o. Para caracterizar os precursores foram utilizadas as t?cnicas de DRX, FRX, FTIR e titula??o. Foram realizados os ensaios de caracteriza??o baseados na API RP10B para ambas as pastas puras. Ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o foram realizados ap?s a cura por 24 horas, 7 e 28 dias ? 58 ?C, para os sistemas de pasta de cimento e geopol?mero, separadamente. A partir das misturas, foi realizado o ensaio de misturabilidade e caracteriza??es microestruturais (DRX, TG e MEV). Os resultados mostraram que a nanoss?lica, quando combinada ao CaCl2 modificou as propriedades reol?gicas da pasta de cimento e a partir da concentra??o de 1,5 gpc (200,64 L/m?) foi poss?vel se obter sistemas est?veis. A mistura dos sistemas ocasionou uma modifica??o da microestrutura do material, atrav?s do favorecimento da rea??o de geopolimeriza??o em detrimento da hidrata??o da fase C3S, com isso, a produ??o das fases Portlandita e C-S-H foram prejudicadas. Atrav?s dos ensaios de misturabilidade, devido ao reduzido tempo de pega das misturas, pode-se concluir que o sistema misturado, pode ser aplicado para tamponar zonas de perda de circula??o quando misturado no fundo do po?o

The present thesis considers the allusive and narrative function of fate and its associated concepts of providence, free will, necessity, and natural law in Paradise Lost. It argues that the narrative function of these concepts is shaped by Milton's allusions to classical epic, and assesses their impact on the Christian theology of the poem. It identifies unnoted allusions to well-known epic models (Homer, Vergil, Lucan), and examines how Lucretius' account of natural laws and post-Vergilian representations of epic aftermath influence Milton's own depiction of transgression and its aftermath in Paradise Lost. Chapter 1 considers Satan and other fallen angels' definition of fate as a materialist alternative for the personal rule of the Father. It traces several allusions to fate in cosmological and ethical settings, in Lucretius, Vergil, Lucan, and Statius, and analyses how these allusions interact with the Hesiodic mythical material in the opening books of Milton's epic. Chapter 2 focuses on a pattern of previously unnoted allusions to Lucretius' De Rerum Natura in the narrative of the Fall, culminating in Book 9. It argues that in his temptation of Eve, Milton's Satan subverts Lucretian teachings about the boundaries governing the physical universe as he persuades Eve to transgress her natural state in Eden. Chapter 3 discusses the appearance of the Father in an allusive epic council scene in Book 3. In the dialogue between Father and Son, I suggest, Milton evokes negotiations between the Homeric and Vergilian deities, depicting his God as surpassing his pagan epic counterparts who can only delay the fate of mortals, but not change them. Chapter 4 suggests that Milton's depiction of the aftermath of the Fall is indebted to post-Vergilian epic narratives of 'aftermath'. The final Books of Paradise Lost and the portrayal of Adam and Eve's moral freedom as they leave paradise, with providence their guide, should be read, I posit, against the backdrop of scenes and imagery from Lucan's Bellum Civile and Statius' Thebaid.

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This thesis operates, unashamedly, from the premise that every act of criticism involves a self-reflexive gesture of one's own concerns and ideological imprintings. For this reason Chapter One establishes the writer's own involvement - both autobiographical and theoretical - in notions of male rage and the 'working through' of these concerns. Chapter Two conducts an overview of male rage and the extant systemic literature on the subject. It sets out the various positions on the subject and posits the importance of gender (over generation) in the praxis of therapy. Furthermore, it explores the possibility that the male is equally, but differently, troubled by the hegemonic forces of patriarchy as is the woman. Without diminishing the legitimacy of the woman's experience in the face of male rage, the argument is forwarded that the male is caught in a similar struggle but without the feminine articulatory resources. This chapter details the lack of male power in the face of his supposed muscular omnipotence. Seminal analytic approaches to the question of gender are raised in Chapter Three. Working through Freud, Klein, Lacan and Masters and Johnson an attempt is made to plot the 'evolution' of the feminine and the masculine. Central to this debate is the bi-polarization of gender relations within the same sex (biology/construction) and without (phallic/vaginal, clitoral, passive/active). What emerges is that femininity is bi-focal and that the woman has more resources at her disposal that hitherto acknowledged. While the woman is always double - as both clitoral and vaginal, as lover and mother- it appears that male sexuality is far more precarious than generally perceived. It is this dis-ease on the part of the male that translates itself into envy and, with it, the need to denigrate and belittle woman as the object of that envy. In Chapter 4 an attempt is made to overlap the seemingly divergent fields of analytic and systemic methodologies via the involvement of the therapist in the eco-system of analysis. The substantial role of the therapist -- and the coercive forces placed on him/her by the couple -- is used to modify Elkaim's model and to introduce the need for a telling of the particular stories that concentrate on the unique narratives of the warring couple rather than the patriarchal regime under which these stories are constrained. Before encountering these narratives an essay is made at establishing a methodology of sorts. Newton's scientific formulations are used in order to question the binary opposition that has been, historically, established between quantitative (male) and qualitative (female) methodologies. In the process of questioning this binary opposition it becomes clear that any form of objectifying approach constitutes a refuge from the messiness that is intrinsic to the therapeutic process. The experimental methodology that is posited is precisely one that engages in the narratives of male violence - four extracts are considered, each exposing different articulations of male violence. The question of female subjectivity (and the attendant power of the sorority) is returned to in light of these stories. Central to this section is the notion that male subjectivity is far more convoluted - perhaps more that the feminine counterpart - than initially conceived. The original identification with the (m)other forever displaces him in that the later identification with the father remains distant and contrived. For the purposes of maintaining the dialogic nature of this work, a feminist appraisal of the rage narratives concludes the thesis. Don Quixote is used, by way of an Epilogue, to offer three representations of male subjectivity and to look towards alternative subject positions for the male under patriarchy. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Furbino Villefort Rocha.pdf: 5172514 bytes, checksum: a4a9d38bcac502c5c9c1fe6298995e29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-04 / Ameloblastomas são tumores odontogênicos (TOs) de origem epitelial e etiologia desconhecida. Porém, estudos recentes identificaram alterações moleculares associadas ao desenvolvimento e progressão dos TOs, dentre elas as móleculas de adesão celular E-caderina e beta catenina. Objetivos: realizar um levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de ameloblastomas pertencentes ao arquivo do Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (SAPB-UFES), analisar suas características histopatológicas e a expressão de beta catenina nas diferentes variantes de ameloblastomas. Método: estudo retrospectivo dos casos de ameloblastomas registrados no SAPB-UFES, no período compreendido entre março de 2004 e dezembro de 2010. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clinicorradiográficos, dados sobre acesso, diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento desses pacientes. As análises histopatológicas foram baseadas nos critérios de Vickers e Gorlin, Waldron e El-Mofty e da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para análise imuno-histoquímica foi utilizada a técnica indireta de imuno-peroxidase, com anticorpo primário anti beta catenina monoclonal de camundongo. Foram avaliados a intensidade e a localização da marcação. Para análise semiquantitativa foram adotados os escores: negativo, postividade focal, positividade variável e uniformidade positiva. Resultados: foram encontrados 13 ameloblastomas, classificados histopatologicamente como sólidos (06), unicísticos (03) e desmoplásicos (03). Todos foram imunomarcados. A intensidade de marcação variou de fraca a forte (1 a 3). A média de marcação variou de 10,82% a 13,38% no núcleo; de 39,93% a 47,61% na membrana; e de 90,01% a 98,53% no citoplasma. Entretanto não foi encontrada diferença significante de expressão de beta catenina entre os três diferentes tipos de ameloblastomas. Conclusão: os resultados epidemiológicos foram semelhantes a outros estudos. A expressão citoplasmática de beta catenina evidencia o acúmulo da mesma no citoplasma e sugere alteração na via de sinalização de Wnt. Por outro lado, a redução da expressão na membrana sugere alteração na adesão celular / Ameloblastomas are odontogenic tumors (OTs) derived from epithelium which etiology remains unknown. However, recent studies have identified molecular changes associated with the development and progression of OTs, including cell adhesion molecules like E-cadherin and beta-catenin. Objectives: to conduct an epidemiological investigation of ameloblastomas cases from files of the Anatomical Pathology Service at Federal University of Espírito Santo (SAPB-UFES), analyze their histopathological features and the expression of beta-catenin in different variants of ameloblastomas. Methods: a retrospective study of ameloblastomas registered at SAPB-UFES between March 2004 and December 2010. Sociodemographic, clinical and imaginological data were collected, as well as data about access, diagnosis, treatment and follow up of these patients. The histopathological analyzes were based on Vickers and Gorlin, Waldron and El-Mofty and the World Health Organization criteria. Primary antibody anti beta-catenin mouse monoclonal and indirect immuno-peroxidase technique was employed for immunohistochemical analysis. Intensity and location of the immunostaining were analysed. For semiquantitative analysis the scores were: negative, focal, variable and uniformity positivity. Results: there were 13 ameloblastomas, histopathologically classified as solid (06), unicystic (03) and desmoplastic (03). All of them were immunostained. The intensity of immunostaining ranged from weak to strong (1-3). The mean of immunostaining ranged from 10.82% to 13.38% in the nucleus; from 39.93% to 47.61% in the membrane; and from 90.01% to 98.53% in the cytoplasm. However, there was no significant difference in expression of beta-catenin between three different types of ameloblastomas. Conclusion: The results were similar to other epidemiological studies. The cytoplasmic expression of beta-catenin shows accumulation in the cytoplasm and suggests changes in the Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, the reduction of membrane expression suggests changes in cell adhesion

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims mainly to make a comparative study of the renaissance and baroque aesthetic resources in epics, using, therefore, The Lusiads (1572), which is a heroic poem on the Portuguese maritime expansion, and Paradise Lost (1667), by John Milton, better known and studied as a protestant humanist epic about the fall of the first human couple. The main theoretical basis for this study is the formulations of Gilbert Highet (1954), Anazildo Vasconcelos da Silva (1984, 1987, 2007) and Christina Ramalho (2013) on the epic genre and the classical tradition. There were also major contributions to this work: Joaquim Nabuco (1872), Bowra (1950), Metzer and Coogan (2002) and Saraiva and Lopes (2010). The aspect of comparison between the works is the permanence of classical mythology in the literary plan of the works. Therefore, it was adopted Hesiod (1995, 1996) as a mythographic source, because of the educational intentions of his works. The Lusiads are considered, according to the theory of literary speech and semiotization of Anazildo Vasconcelos da Silva, a renaissance epic and, thus it contains the reference to authors, works and pagan mythology present in the classic epic model (Iliad, Odyssey), besides the balance between thought and emotion and the formulation of universalizing concepts. While Paradise Lost is understood as a work of baroque epic model, which proposes the projection of the poetic persona in the narrative, the narrator as agent of the character subjective logic and sentimentalization of the epic proposition. Although, both have what Gilbert Highet calls classic influence. In other words, they are impregnated by classical thought, whose presence in the body of the poems varies in strength, importance and penetration. Consequently, this research will specifically treat the ways how the classic influence manifests in Camões and John Milton epics. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal fazer um estudo comparado dos recursos estéticos em épicos renascentistas e barrocos, utilizando-se, para tanto, das obras Os Lusíadas (1572), poema heroico de Camões sobre a expansão marítima portuguesa, e Paraíso Perdido (1667), de John Milton, mais conhecida e estudada como uma epopeia humanista protestante sobre a queda do primeiro casal humano. A base teórica principal para esse estudo são as formulações de Gilbert Highet (1954), Anazildo Vasconcelos da Silva (1984, 1987, 2007) e Christina Ramalho (2013) a respeito do gênero épico e a tradição clássica. Também foram contribuições importantes: Joaquim Nabuco (1872), Bowra (1950), Metzer e Coogan (2002) e Saraiva e Lopes (2010). O aspecto de comparação entre as epopeias da era moderna é a permanência da mitologia clássica no plano literário das obras. Para tanto, adotou-se Hesíodo (1995, 1996) como fonte mitográfica, tendo vista as intenções didáticas de suas obras. Os Lusíadas é considerada, segundo a teoria da semiotização literária do discurso de Silva, uma epopeia renascentista e, portanto, apresenta referências a autores e obras e à mitologia pagã presentes no modelo épico clássico (Ilíada e Odisseia), além do equilíbrio entre pensamento e emoção e a elaboração de conceitos universalizantes. Já Paraíso Perdido é entendida como uma obra do modelo épico barroco, que propõe a projeção do eu-lírico no relato; o narrador como agente de uma lógica subjetiva do personagem e a sentimentalização da proposição épica. Contudo, ambas apresentam o que Gilbert Highet chama de influência clássica. Em outras palavras, são obras impregnadas pelo pensamento clássico, cuja presença no corpo dos poemas varia em força, importância e penetração. Por conseguinte, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo específico tratar dos modos como a influência clássica se manifesta nas epopeias de Camões e John Milton.

This thesis examines the foreign policy evolution of Japan from the time of its modernization during the mid-nineteenth century though the present. It is argued that infringements upon Japanese sovereignty and geopolitical vulnerabilities have conditioned Japanese leaders towards power seeking policy objectives. The core variables of statehood, namely power and sovereignty, and the perception of state elites are traced over this broad time period to provide a historical foundation for framing contemporary analyses of Japanese foreign policy. To facilitate this research, a unique framework that accounts for both the foreign policy preferences of Japanese leaders and the external constraints of the international system is developed. Neoclassical realist understandings of self-help and relative power distributions form the basis of the presented analysis, while constructivism offers crucial insights into ideational factors that influence state elites. Social Identity Theory, a social psychology theory that examines group behavior, is integrated to conceptualize the available policy options. Surveying Japanese foreign policy through this framework clarifies the seemingly irreconcilable shifts in Japan's foreign policy history and clearly delineates between political groups that embody distinct policy strategies and norms. Consequently, the main contribution of this thesis lies in the development of a theoretical framework that is uniquely positioned to identify historical trends in foreign policy. Owing to the numerous shifts in modern Japan's foreign policy history, this research identifies and examines three distinguishable Japanese “states”: Meiji Japan (1868 - 1912), Imperial Japan (1912 - 1945), and postwar Japan (1945 - present).