Cette thèse propose une approche qualitative du métabolisme urbain à partir du cas des flux de déchets au Caire (Égypte) et à Lyon (France). Il s’agit de dépasser l’impossibilité présumée de la comparaison de cas d’études a priori très éloignés (selon un axe Nord/Sud) en proposant une grille de lecture centrée sur la multiplicité des infrastructures sociales et techniques permettant la circulation et la transformation de ces matières. Elle se penche plus particulièrement sur les flux dits cataboliques permettant de décrire l’ensemble des étapes de transformations et de circulation de la matière permettant la « mort sociale des objets » entendue comme une protection hygiénique et critique à l’égard de leur dangerosité. L’analyse du déploiement des flux cataboliques à travers les milieux urbains permet ainsi de mettre en avant les formes prises par le contrôle de ces flux. Cette formalisation est ici présentée comme un arraisonnement du milieu, pensé comme une mise en ordre des milieux par des pratiques hétérogènes de codage et de surcodage. Ces notions permettent d’identifier un modèle d’urbanisation occidental pensé comme une mise en ingénierie des milieux urbains (ingénierie mésologique). Cette grille de lecture se conçoit comme un « troisième terme » permettant de faire dialoguer des cas d’étude souvent considérés incommensurables en raison d’une approche tératologique des modèles de développement urbain du Sud. Cette approche est marquée par une volonté de justice épistémologique entrant dans le cadre de la refondation postcoloniale des études urbaines et par la volonté de participer au développement de ce que Souleymane Bachir Diagne nomme un « universalisme de traduction ». À partir de ce cadre théorique sont analysés le fonctionnement et les évolutions historiques et contemporaines des pratiques d’arraisonnement gouvernementales ou non des flux cataboliques au Caire et à Lyon dans le contexte du déploiement du métabolisme capitaliste contemporain. / This thesis intend to formulate a qualitative analysis of urban metabolism based on the study of waste circulations in Cairo (Egypt) and Lyon (France). I propose here an analytical framework centered on multiple social and technical infrastructures allowing the circulation and transformation of matter to overlook assumptions of incommensurability of Northern and Southern urban contexts. Catabolic flows are presented as a way of encompassing the whole of the process of the « social death of things » understood as a practice of protection from the hygienic and critic hazards of waste. Such flows are deployed by an effort of enframing urban milieus through heterogeneous practices of coding and overcoding. Those notions help me to identify an western form of urbanization relying on an engineering of urban milieus (mesologic engineering). This theoretical frame is thought as a « third term » allowing a discussion between cases oftenly considered as incommensurable because of teratological understanding of urban development in the South. The idea is to set up what Souleymane Bachir Diagne calls an « universalism of translation » in line with postcolonial inquiries of a necessary renewal of urban theories through the study of southern urban experiences. Starting there, catabolic flows are studied through the analysis of enframing practices in Lyon and Cairo in the context of contemporary capitalist metabolism.

On retrace ici le parcours du docteur Alexandre Lacassagne (1843-1924), médecin lyonnais, trajectoire personnelle et scientifique d’un savant de la fin du XIXe siècle, fondateur de l’anthropologie criminelle et d’une école de criminologie passée à la postérité sous le nom d’ « école lyonnaise ». Formé à l’école de santé militaire, il est de cette génération d’hommes et de républicains forgés au feu de la guerre franco-prussienne, de la chute de l’Empire et des débuts de l’aventure coloniale et républicaine. La reconstitution de ses réseaux professionnels, l’étude de ses prises de positions intellectuelles, permet de montrer qu’il est un savant emblématique de son temps. Sa bibliothèque révèle ses états d’âme. L’analyse des ouvrages fait émerger une angoisse récurrente, celle de l’altérité : des criminels bien sûr, mais aussi des femmes, des fous, des invertis, des « primitifs », dont les inquiétantes figures contrastent avec l’image de légèreté et de foi inconditionnelle dans le Progrès qui est habituellement celle de la Belle Époque. L’anthropologie et l’anthropométrie se mettent au service d’une frénésie taxinomique qui trahit l’inquiétude générée par toute indétermination, désormais intolérable. Un double processus d’essentialisation et de hiérarchisation se trouve aux fondements des discours justifiant l’exclusion persistante de certaines catégories de populations, rejetées en deçà de l’Universel. Lacassagne nous sert d’œilleton pour examiner les enjeux biopolitiques de cette exclusion. C’est l’avers, cette face de la médaille qui porte une effigie – et qui serait frappée à celle de l’Autre en cette fin de siècle – et le portrait d’un homme et de son temps par l’inventaire de ses aversions, qu’on a voulu reconstituer. / The following pages will retrace the personal and professional path of the Lyonnais doctor Alexandre Lacassagne (1843-1924), an intellectual from the end of the 19th century who founded anthropological criminology and the school of criminology that would go down in history known as the “école lyonnaise”. Having done his studies at a military school he belonged to that generation of men and Republicans who had been forged by the fires of the Franco-Prussian war, the fall of the Empire and the beginnings of colonial and Republican adventures. The reconstitution of his professional networks and the study of his intellectual positions show that he was an emblematic scholar of his time. His library reveals his true feelings : the analysis of the works shows an ongoing anguish, that of alterity. Of course of criminals, but also of women, of the insane, homosexuals and the “primitive” whose troubling figures contrast with the image of the carefree and unconditional faith in Progress that was quintessential of the “Belle Epoque”. Anthropology and anthropometry are at the service of a taxonomic frenzy that betrays the concern generated by all disinclination that had become intolerable. A process at the same time of essentialism and hierarchism are the foundations of a discourse justifying the ongoing exclusion of certain categories of populations rejected below the “Universel”. Lacassagne serves as a peephole to examine the “biopolitical” stakes of this exclusion. It is the obverse, the side of the coin showing the effigy- and that will be struck with the Other at the end of the century- and the portrait of a man and his time by the inventory of his aversions, which we wished to reconstruct.

This dissertation studies the content of Catholic polemic printed in the city of Lyon from 1560 to 1594, a period ranging from the first hints of wider Protestant unrest to the submission of the city to Henry IV and the resumption of royal control. The time frame corresponds to an era of zealous Catholic activity in which combating Protestantism, or heresy as they usually labeled it, was a primary focus of the Lyonnaise Catholic Church and the presses which supported it. By studying the thematic content of these cheap print sources, I will provide a glimpse into the types of issues that appear most prominently in this particular type of print medium and trace how such issues change, or remain static, over time. Most important of these themes are the importance of concord or unity and the willingness of God to punish his followers for their sins and, frequently, mankind's unwillingness to reunify the church and create concord through force. This dissertation has grown into a commentary on this dynamic more than any other single issue and readers will detect tangential comments concerning the importance of unity and God's punishment throughout earlier chapters. Time and again, polemicists make clear that the only means to a lasting "peace" is to achieve religious unity by any means necessary. Only this purity within the faithful will ease God's hand and cure France of its ills. Sources were drawn from the principal libraries in Lyon and the Rhone valley, in addition to occasional pieces scattered in Paris and other libraries throughout France.

Agobard of Lyon has usually been studied because of his writings about Jews. This dissertation likewise began from a desire to understand Agobard’s anti-Jewish writings, their content, motives, and impact. Approaching that topic from the basis of Agobard’s whole corpus of writings, however, forces an acknowledgment that Agobard cannot be reduced to simply “Agobard and the Jews,” although the subject clearly created a great amount of anxiety for him. Also, by beginning with Agobard’s own works, this dissertation discusses him on his own terms first, without relying on the historiographical tradition which defines him as a Visigoth, a tradition ultimately found wanting. This dissertation effectively dismantles the model of Agobard as a Visigoth working in the Carolingian world, and replaces it with a model of Agobard as a Carolingian. As such, this study explores his anti-Judaism in terms of his immediate historical context and links it with his other anxieties and the Carolingian desire for a perfect, Christian, society. Doing so also opens the door for a re-evaluation of the traditional interpretation of the Carolingian period as the last “golden age” of European Jews outside of Muslim Spain. At its conclusion, this study argues that the Carolingians, by deliberately attempting to create a Christian society, however “well” they treated Jews in their own time, laid some of the ideological groundwork for the later isolation and persecution of Jews in Europe. The introduction begins the exploration of Agobard’s historical context by discussing the history of both Louis’s empire and Agobard’s Lyon. The first chapter provides a quick summary of his life and works. From there, the dissertation turns to its in-depth study of Agobard in the second through fourth chapters. An analysis of his main anti-Jewish work, De iudaicis superstitionibus et erroribus in Chapter 3 is prefaced by a study of the character and possible roots of his anti-Judaism in Chapter 2. The last chapter looks at Agobard’s other concerns, how they relate to his writings on Judaism, and finally how his great amount of worry around Judaism can help shape our understanding of medieval Jewish-Christian relations.

The aim of this master thesis is to examine which criteria are generally used to guide pub­lic librarians in their acquisitions' decision. The study went ahead in France, principally at La Bibliotheque municipale de Lyon. It also includes a view of some special library services in the social field.Twenty persons were interviewed and an attempt was made to divide their answers into three sections: acquisition routines and criteria for media purchase, how to receive the library visi­tors and their influence on the acquisitions, and, finally, the librarians' own opinions on the matter. One important question was whether censorship is applied and in that case, would it be a deliberately way of acting or rather a spontaneous reaction, more or less unconscious.Censorship in real or manifested through a self-preservative reaction turned out to be a factor closely dependant on the library's financial situation. Many librarians affirmed they would find useful some kind of a written practical library acquisition policy.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Lyon 2, 2000. Titre de soutenance : Un homme d'affaire lyonnais : Arlès-Dufour, 1797-1872. / Ouvrage rédigé par Maurice Ferdinand, issu de la thèse de Jacques Canton-Debat. Bibliogr. p. 257-258. Notes bibliogr.

Rapport de stage diplôme de conservateur des bibliothèques : Bibliothéconomie : Villeurbanne, ENSSIB : 2003.

Mémoire d'étude DCB : Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques : 2002.

Rapport de stage diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées : Ingénierie documentaire : Villeurbanne, ENSSIB : 2004. Rapport de stage diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées : Ingénierie documentaire : Lyon 1 : 2004.

Rapport de stage DCB : Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques : 2002.