SANTIAGO, Eduardo Girão. Empreender para sobreviver: estudo sobre a ação econômica dos empreendedores de pequeno porte. 2007. 241f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2007. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-20T14:20:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-TESE-EGSANTIAGO.pdf: 873772 bytes, checksum: df5aa64b15043a8fb1a32e5308b1af9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-20T16:31:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-TESE-EGSANTIAGO.pdf: 873772 bytes, checksum: df5aa64b15043a8fb1a32e5308b1af9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-20T16:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-TESE-EGSANTIAGO.pdf: 873772 bytes, checksum: df5aa64b15043a8fb1a32e5308b1af9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The new world of labor, that is a result of the flexible accumulation of capital, determined deep changes in the workers’ lives. There has been changes in the pattern of traditional jobs — the kind of job that was able to provide stability and the benefits of labor laws. New characteristics were demanded from workers in the in the fordism era of capitalism. It’s required dynamism, competitiveness and entrepreneurship from workers. Reengineering that causes productive restructuring, longer labor’s journeys, change of management methods and the adoption of new technologies have caused the reduction of traditional jobs and an increase of the number of own-account workers. This scenario benefits the high qualified and skilled workers, but to the greater proportion of workers, it means unemployment and struggle to survive, usually developing activities in the informal labor market – there is precarious labor. Facing this reality, public policies of job and income generation stimulate microcredit and entrepreneurship as a way to consolidate the activities developed by own-account workers. Since we have described this scenario, it is necessary to ask some questions order to guide this thesis: Who are the own-account workers? What do those workers do when they are stimulated to develop their managerial talents and competitiveness practices through the microcredit policies? Do those workers have cultural background that enables them to practice the post-modern principles of entrepreneurship? What kind of entrepreneurship are we talking about? Is it Schumpeter’s entrepreneurship? Is it an entrepreneurship based on needs, native and marked by survival struggle? Is it an entrepreneurship of small business that insists to be established in heterogeneous social-economics spaces? The methodology we adopted in this thesis evolves, beyond detailed bibliographic analysis, a sample research in the district Granja Portugal, that is part of Grande Bom Jardim − an urban agglomeration in the periphery of Fortaleza, the city capital of Ceara. We also interviewed community leaders and credit consulters and credit agents that work in that area. The research highlights, among its most important results, the existence of entrepreneurship used as an strategy of survival, that carries out aspects of different kinds of entrepreneurship, such as achievement of professional and personal goals; innovation and creativity, and exhaustive work and discipline. Most microproducers reveals the character of survival strategy in their labor activities and they prefer formal contracts jobs that assure the benefits of labor laws. Those who are secure in their own-account job activities are not yet satisfactorily supported by the public policies, such as microcredit loans and the courses about micro entrepreneurship. We may summarize the argument so far by saying that this study suggests that the microcredit programs should contemplate loans to new business and the reformulation of the courses about entrepreneurship. So, those courses may develop the conscious of the social-economic development of the territory where the entrepreneurs live. This is an essential basis for the surge of micro entrepreneurs. / O novo mundo do trabalho, decorrente do processo de acumulação flexível de capital, determinou profundas mudanças na vida dos trabalhadores, em todos os níveis. O padrão dos empregos tradicionais, que além da estabilidade, assegurava os benefícios da legislação trabalhista, vem sendo alterado, gradativamente. Os postos de trabalho conquistados durante a fase fordista do capitalismo requerem atitudes dos trabalhadores no sentido de eles serem mais dinâmicos, mais competitivos e empreendedores. Aumento da jornada de trabalho, reengenharias que implicam na reestruturação produtiva, na desconstrução de métodos gerenciais consagrados e na contínua adoção das tecnologias da informação têm culminado com a redução dos empregos tradicionais e no aumento dos trabalhadores por conta própria. Se por um lado, o quadro há pouco referido beneficia segmentos da mão-de-obra mais escolarizada e especializada, para a grande massa dos trabalhadores significa a perda dos empregos e a busca da sobrevivência, geralmente desenvolvendo atividades na economia informal, o que acarreta a precarização das relações de trabalho. A partir dessa realidade, as políticas públicas de geração de ocupação e renda estimulam a combinação do microcrédito com o desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo como forma de consolidar a condição do autoemprego. Descrito este cenário, convém apresentar algumas das perguntas orientadoras para a realização desta tese: Quem são os trabalhadores por conta própria? O que fazem quando estimulados pelos programas de concessão de microcrédito a desenvolverem atitudes empreendedoras, como o desenvolvimento dos talentos empresariais e da prática da competitividade? Apresentam as condições culturais e visão de mundo para por em prática os princípios pós-modernos do empreendedorismo? E de que empreendedorismo se está falando? É um empreendedorismo schumpeteriano? Um empreendedorismo por necessidade, nativo e marcado pela sobrevivência? Ou é um empreendedorismo de pequeno porte que insiste em se estabelecer em territórios socioeconômicos heterogêneos? A metodologia adotada nesta tese fundamentou-se, além de detalhada análise bibliográfica, na realização de uma pesquisa amostral no bairro Granja Portugal, que integra o conglomerado urbano do Grande Bom Jardim, situado na periferia de Fortaleza, capital do Ceará. Foram realizadas, ainda, entrevistas com líderes comunitários e agentes e consultores de crédito de programas que atuam na área. A pesquisa destaca, dentre os principais resultados, a existência da sobrevivência empreendedora, marcada por traços de empreendedorismos diversos, como os da realização profissional e pessoal; os da inovação e criatividade e os do trabalho exaustivo e disciplinado. A maioria dos microprodutores revela o caráter de estratégia de sobrevivência das ocupações exercidas e indica a preferência por empregos fixos que assegurem os benefícios da legislação trabalhista. Por seu turno, aqueles que denotam segurança quanto ao exercício dos próprios negócios ainda não são apoiados satisfatoriamente pelas políticas públicas, como a concessão de microcrédito e a oferta de cursos sobre microempreendedorismo. Em suma, este estudo sugere que os programas de microcrédito contemplem as possibilidades de empréstimos para a criação de negócios, além da reformulação do conteúdo dos cursos de empreendedorismo, no sentido de despertar, junto aos microempresários a consciência do desenvolvimento socioeconômico do território onde vivem, como base essencial para o surgimento de empreendedores de pequeno porte.

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Márcia Maria dos Santos Bortolocci Espejo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Contabilidade. Defesa: Curitiba, 2016 / Inclui referências : f. 102-115 / Área de concentração : Contabilidade e finanças / Resumo: A literatura tem descrito que, apesar de as micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) serem reconhecidas como um fator fundamental para a economia de um país (Berrone et al., 2014), muitos são os desafios enfrentados, acarretando o fechamento de uma grande parcela dessas empresas (Mizumoto et al., 2010). O objetivo da presente pesquisa consiste em verificar os determinantes de desempenho de MPEs relativos às características do empreendedor-gestor (motivação para empreender, capital humano e capital social) e o controle gerencial. Com base na amostra de 311 empresas localizadas na região noroeste do estado do Paraná, realizou-se um estudo de cunho epistemológico positivista e quantitativo por meio de um questionário respondido pelos empreendedores-gestores das MPEs. Para análise dos dados, empregaram-se a estatística descritiva e a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Algumas variáveis mostraram-se estatisticamente significantes para explicar o desempenho - dentre elas, o capital social e, principalmente, a adoção de Proxies de controle gerencial, ou seja, parâmetros que os empreendedores-gestores utilizam para subsidiar a tomada de decisão, adaptadas à estrutura limitada das MPEs. Os resultados também indicaram que o capital humano, quando associado às proxies de controle gerencial, afeta positivamente o desempenho, da mesma forma que a motivação por necessidade, quando associada ao capital social do empreendedorgestor e às proxies de controle gerencial, enfatizando o impacto conjunto das características do empreendedor-gestor (motivação para empreender, capital humano e capital social) e do controle gerencial no desempenho das micro e pequenas empresas. Palavras-chave: Empreendedor. Motivação para empreender. Capital Social, Capital Humano. Controle Gerencial. Desempenho. / Abstract: The literature has been writing that despite the micro and small enterprises (MSEs) are recognized as a key factor in the economy of a country (Berrone, Gertel, Giuliodori, Bernard & Meiners, 2014), there are many challenges, resulting the closure of a large portion of these companies (Mizumoto, Arts, Lazzarini & Hashimoto, 2010)). The aim of this research is to verify the determinants of MSE performance for the characteristics of the entrepreneur-manager (motivation to undertake, human capital and social capital) and management control. It was carried out a study of quantitative and positivist epistemological through a questionnaire answered by MSE entrepreneursmanagers based on the sample of 311 companies located in the northwest of Paraná state. For data analysis, it was used descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling technique. Some variables were statistically significant to explain the performance - among them the social capital and especially the adoption of management control proxies, which are parameters that entrepreneurs-managers use to support decision making, adapted to the limited structure of MSE. The results also indicated that human capital when associated with management control proxies positively affect performance, in the same way when the motivation for necessity is associated to the social capital of the entrepreneur-manager and the management control proxy, emphasizing the combined impact of entrepreneur-manager characteristics (motivation to undertake, human capital and social capital) and management control in the performance of micro and small businesses. Keywords: Entrepreneur. Motivation to undertake. Social Capital, Human Capital. Management control. Performance.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-30T14:19:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4858632 bytes, checksum: bbef272515b7becddc216cdf11a5c2c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-30T14:42:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4858632 bytes, checksum: bbef272515b7becddc216cdf11a5c2c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4858632 bytes, checksum: bbef272515b7becddc216cdf11a5c2c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / We present the main concepts of averages: Arithmetic, Geométrica, Harmonica and Quadratic and also the Dirichlet's Drawer Principle. We highlight as the main directions of this work, the application of these in various areas of mathematics and the ability to work with such content in high school. We also emphasize the main theorems approached, which are the Inequality of Medium and theorems Ramsey and Dirichlet that are nontrivial applications of the Drawer Principle. / Neste trabalho apresentamos os principais conceitos de médias: Aritmética, Geom étrica, Harmônica e Quadrática e também o Princípio das Gavetas de Dirichlet. Destacamos como principais direções deste trabalho, as aplicações destes conceitos nas diversas áreas da matemática e a possibilidade de se trabalhar tais conteúdos no Ensino Médio. Ressaltamos também os principais teoremas abordados, os quais são, a Desigualdade das Médias e os Teoremas de Ramsey e de Dirichlet que são aplicações não triviais do Princípio das Gavetas.

Submitted by BKAB Setor Proc. Técnicos FGV-SP (biblioteca.sp.cat@fgv.br) on 2013-03-13T15:14:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1198103402.pdf: 5202135 bytes, checksum: b5583a5b54c679d1cb57731dc5fa2090 (MD5) / This essay 'THE IMPORTANCE OF fill ENVIROMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR THE SMAIl ANO MEDIUM SIZED COMPANIES: AN APPROACH IN STRATEGIC PLANNING', aims to demonstrate through a theorical and pragmatic outlook, organizational technology to be used by small and medium sized business. The theory of systems is used by means of the enviromental analysis. / O tema 'A importância da análise ambiental para pequena se médias empresas: um enfoque em planejamento estratégico empresarial', pretende propor através dos enfoques prático e teórico uma tecnologia administrativa a ser utilizada pelas organizações de dimensões pequenas e médias sob a perspectiva de sistemas abertos, e por intermédio da análise do meio ambiente, aqui considerado como instrumento fundamental à legitimação e efetividade destas organizações no País.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2013-05-02T17:51:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1197700067.pdf: 8162504 bytes, checksum: f48de939a5b83fca5cf03f392c2d79af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-05-02T18:06:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1197700067.pdf: 8162504 bytes, checksum: f48de939a5b83fca5cf03f392c2d79af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-02T18:24:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1197700067.pdf: 8162504 bytes, checksum: f48de939a5b83fca5cf03f392c2d79af (MD5) Previous issue date: 1974 / A presente dissertação pretende aventar dentro de seu enfoque, o tipo de organização muito peculiar: a pequena empresa. Isso porque, é evidente que o impacto sobre as economias nacionais, deste tamanho das organização empresarial é considerável, e, a concepção que levanta não é a mesma da grande empresa. Oferece descrição e interpretação da posição da pequena empresa no conjunto empresarial.

Cette thèse explore le potentiel interculturel des médias. Les médias sont des dispositifs de médiation investis dans des logiques locales et des échanges internationaux ;ils produisent alors des conditions nouvelles d’interaction interculturelle qui nous interpellent.Dans une démarche pratique et analytique, l’éducation aux médias est le terrain privilégié pour développer autant la maîtrise des outils que l’investigation heuristique de la configuration médiatique. Ainsi, avons-nous identifié les dimensions interculturelles du domaine de l’éducation aux médias dans le cadre d’une analyse socio-anthropologique des discours institutionnels de l’Australie, du Québec et de la France. Cette étude montre des logiques discursives et pragmatiques distinctes, et révèle divers imaginaires sociaux sur les médias,notamment dans leur rapport aux questions culturelles. De là, les études de cas nous présentent ces discours comme le lieu de convergence de l’éducation aux médias et des problématiques interculturelles, abordé dans la contrainte du modèle socio-politique national de gestion de la diversité culturelle (multiculturel, interculturel, républicain). Enfin, la perspective internationale comparative permet tout à la fois de singulariser les cas et d’identifier les dimensions transversales qui se présentent comme autant de piliers réflexifs pour envisager l’interculturalité des médias. À partir des questions de communication, de sens, d’identité et de citoyenneté,soulevées dans le cadre institué de l’éducation aux médias, nous proposons alors d’ouvrir la voie à une réflexion sur l’éducation interculturelle aux médias articulée autour d’une approche pluridisciplinaire du concept de représentation. / This thesis studies the intercultural potential of the media. They are mediation processes involved in local and international exchanges that produce new conditions for challenging cross-cultural interactions. From a practical and analytical perspective, media education is the privileged place for empowering both the use of media tools and the heuristic investigation of the media sphere. Therefore, we explored the intercultural dimensions of media education as a field, through a socio-anthropological institutional discourse analysis in Australia, Quebec and France. This study focuses on distinct discursive logics and pragmatics, and shows various social imaginary of the media, particularly in relation to cultural issues. The case studies underline the focal point of media education and intercultural communication, constrained in the national socio-political management of cultural diversity (multicultural, intercultural,republican). Finally, the international comparative perspective allows the identification of the specificity of each case, as well as the cross-cutting issues that reveal entry points to reflect on the intercultural potential of media. Raising the matters of communication, signifying practices,identities and citizenship framed in established media education project, we then set the stagefor a debate on intercultural media education, grounded in a multidisciplinary approach of representation.

Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) et Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France / Cette thèse s’intéresse à la compréhension des transformations contemporaines de l’écriture journalistique à l’aune de la mission de vérité traditionnellement associée à cette activité. Ce mandat social idéalisé fait partie de l’imaginaire de la profession et participe à la légitimité de la pratique journalistique. Il trouve une résonance contemporaine, dans un espace public en mutation où les entreprises médiatiques et les journalistes expérimentent de nouvelles façons d’informer. La recherche porte sur des narrations journalistiques multimédias exploitant les spécificités de l’écriture numérique (webdocumentaire, scrollytelling, long format…). Notre hypothèse est que les renouvellements en jeu dans ces dispositifs d’information se négocient dans la dimension coopérative du web. La recherche s’appuie sur l’analyse d’un corpus de cinq récits produits dans les médias d’information français dans la décennie 2009-2019. Elle est complétée par des entretiens avec leurs auteurs et des acteurs de la production. En documentant une pratique émergente du webjournalisme, ce travail rend compte d’expériences d’écriture entre narrativité et numérique qui contribuent à une reformulation du contrat de véridicité du journalisme. / This thesis focuses on seeking to understand the tension between transformations in contemporary journalistic writing and the obligation of truth traditionally associated with this activity. This idealised social mandate speaks to the appeal and to the legitimacy of journalistic practice and has a strong echo in the shifting public spaces where media companies and journalists are experimenting with new ways to inform. The research focuses on multimedia journalistic narratives exploiting the specificities of digital writing (webdocumentary, scrollytelling, long format, etc.). Our hypothesis is that the changes at play in these informative devices are negotiated in the cooperative dimension of the web. The research is based on the analysis of a corpus of five stories produced in the French news media in the decade 2009-2019. It is complemented by interviews with their authors and producers. This work investigates the emergent practice of webjournalism as acts of writing in which narrative and digital modalities contribute to a reformulation of veridicity as a journalistic contract.

Ce mémoire porte sur l'implantation des stratégies de diffusion au sein de trois grandes entreprises de presse québécoises et leur degré d'utilisation de la stratégie du piège à clic pour attirer l'attention du lecteur. Marquées par une période de changements des modèles médiatiques et avec l'avènement des réseaux sociaux dans le monde journalistique, les entreprises de presse ont dû adapter leurs stratégies pour rejoindre leur lectorat sur de nouvelles plateformes. Dans une logique de coopétition avec les plateformes d'infomédiation (Bouquillion, Miège et Moeglin, 2013), cette étude se focalise sur l'analyse des stratégies de diffusion des contenus sur la plateforme Facebook, et la présence de publications se rapprochant d'une définition du piège à clic proposée par Chen, Conroy et Rubin (2015) dans trois entreprises distinctes, soit Radio-Canada (ICI Québec), Québecor (Le Journal de Québec) et Groupe Capitales Médias (Le Soleil). En utilisant un cadre théorique qui mobilise la théorie des industries culturelles et la notion de filière, notamment celle de l'infomédiation et celle de l'économie de l'attention, nous examinons dans quelle mesure la recherche du sensationnel et de la viralité pour générer des clics est présente chez ces acteurs. La recherche fait appel à une méthode mixte à dominance qualitative et propose cinq facteurs recensés dans les recherches antérieures pour évaluer et quantifier l'utilisation de la méthode du piège à clic dans les entreprises de presse québécoises. Par ailleurs, des entrevues réalisées avec les gestionnaires de contenus des entreprises permettent de comprendre les cadres des stratégies de diffusion et leur vision de l'utilisation d'une telle stratégie. À l'issue de l'analyse de trois journées de publication pour chaque entreprise, nous ne pouvons retrouver l'utilisation du piège à clic dans sa version la plus aboutie. L'analyse montre que certains indicateurs sont plus présents que d'autres lors la diffusion sur les réseaux sociaux et nous pouvons conclure que la fidélisation du public basée sur l'établissement d'une relation de confiance, plutôt que la recherche d'un très vaste auditoire rapidement, reste au cœur des stratégies de diffusion de ces entreprises de presse. / This study aims to analyze Facebook editorial strategies by Quebec media companies and their eventual use of clickbait strategies. Marked by technological and socioeconomic shifts within the media landscape for almost two decades, media companies must adapt their publication strategies to new media platforms, including those of social network sites such as Facebook and infomediaries. This research evaluates the presence of indicators of a clickbait derived from existing literature (Chen, Conroy et Rubin , 2015)) and its use by three different Quebec media companies: Radio-Canada/CBC (ICI Québec), Groupe Capitales Médias (Le Soleil) and Quebecor (le Journal de Québec). Based on a mixed methods qualitative research, which combines content analysis of Facebook publications to quantify the use of clickbait within these three companies, and open interviews with content managers to further understand the broadcast strategies put in place, we find that there is no significant use of clickbait strategies within these media companies. However, the analysis shows that certain indicators are definitely more present, as media companies try to get attention on Facebook while trying to work on a long-term reader retention based on trust, rather than count on short-lived viral attention.

Le journalisme de paix est issu des réflexions de spécialistes en gestion des conflits qui proposent aux journalistes une manière différente de couvrir les conflits. Le but est de contribuer au retour de la paix dans les pays en crise. L'idée est, également, de mettre un terme à une forme de journalisme qui serait de nature à exacerber les tensions en temps de crise et qu'ils vont qualifier de journalisme de guerre. Ce journalisme a alors la particularité d'être une pratique focalisée sur les élites, l'issue des conflits et les discours propagandistes. Toutefois, considéré comme un engagement au service d'une cause, le journalisme de paix sera rejeté par certains professionnels de l'information. Alors que ce concept divise en Occident, dans le contexte africain, des expériences significatives seront menées dans ce sens à travers la mise en place de radios. Ces radios sont apparues à la suite du génocide qui a eu lieu au Rwanda en 1994. Considérées comme des médias de paix, ces radios sont implantées par des organismes internationaux (ONU, Internews, Fondation Hirondelle, Search for Common Ground...), pour accompagner les processus de reconstruction post-crise de certains pays. Certaines de ces organisations ont alors expérimenté ce journalisme de paix. Sur la base de ces expériences, nous avons initié une recherche qualitative empirique afin d'approfondir la réflexion sur la mise en œuvre de ce journalisme. Pour mener à bien notre recherche, nous avons pris pour cas d'étude la radio Okapi. Il s'agit de la radio de paix des Nations Unies en République Démocratique du Congo. Elle a été instituée par l'ONU et la Fondation Hirondelle. À travers les pratiques des professionnels en son sein, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment ce journalisme de paix pouvait être mis en œuvre et sous quelles conditions. L'entretien semi-dirigé, l'observation non participante, l'analyse de contenu et la recherche documentaire sont des outils méthodologiques mobilisés pour réaliser cette étude. Au terme de celle-ci, nous avons dégagé des éléments qui peuvent être considérés comme des facteurs favorables ou défavorables à la mise en œuvre du journalisme de paix. Mots clés : médias de paix, médias de haine, radio de paix, journalisme de paix, journalisme de guerre, Afrique, République Démocratique du Congo, ONU, MONUSCO. / Peace journalism originated from ideas of specialists of conflict management who proposed to the western journalists a different way to cover news related to conflicts. The goal is to restore peace in countries in crisis. The idea is also to end the kind of journalism that tends to exacerbate the tensions in time of crisis and that they called war journalism. This journalism has the particularity to be focused on the elites, the conflict result and propagandist opinions. However, considered as a commitment to serve a cause, peace journalism has been rejected by some professional of information. While this concept is a source of division in the Western world, in the African context, meaningful experiences were conducted through the creation of radio stations. These radio stations appeared following the Rwanda genocide in 1994. Seen as medias of peace, these stations were implanted by international organizations (UN, Internews, Fondation Hirondelle, Search for Common Ground...) to accompany the after-war reconstruction process in some countries. Thus, some organizations have tried this peace journalism. Based on these experiences, we have initiated an empirical qualitative research to deepen the realization on the implementation of this kind of journalism. To properly conduct our research, we chose the radio station Okapi like case study. Okapi is a radio station of the United Nations in Democratic Republic of Congo. It was created by the UN and Fondation Hirondelle. Through the practices of professionals who work there, we tried to understand how this peace journalism could be implanted and under which conditions. The semi-directed interview, the non-participant observation, the analysis of content and the documentary research were the tools used to achieve this study. At the end of this study, we have extricated different factors that can be considered as advantageous or disadvantageous to the practice of peace journalism. Key words: media of peace, hate media, peace radio, peace journalism, war journalism, Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, UN, MONUSCO.

No description available.