The submitted work deals with the design of the working chamber of the electron beam welders. This vacuum chamber of the cubic shape, with a volume of approx. 100 litres will be used in the ÚPT of the AV ČR v.v.i. during building an experimental welding with electron gun performance 2 kW with accelerating voltage 60 kV. The theoretical part is about the theory of electron welding, electron beam welders of basic sections of the facility, and about possibilities of the technology for welding working chambers. In the practical part of the thesis is being thought out the design of the working chamber (construction chamber in design software), the strength test of construction chamber in the software ANSYS and the design of appropriate methods of welding. The sample of the material which is the stainless steel 17240, from which the chamber will be made, have been used in methods of welding TIG and MAG that was verified by the suitability of the chosen methods of welding.

The partnerships, or symbioses, between diatom hosts and cyanobacteria are widespread in the tropical and subtropical oceans. Many populate low nutrient waters where the heterocystous cyanobacteria fix N2 and provide reduced nitrogen (N) to the host. These types of symbioses are believed to be important in the global ocean biogeochemical cycle of N and carbon (C). The cyanobacteria morphology, cellular locations differ as well as genome size and content. The genome size and content are related to the cellular location: internal symbionts have smaller more eroded genomes, while external symbionts have larger genomes more similar to free-living cyanobacteria. Based on previously identified characteristics the aim of this report is to classify taxonomically, unidentified environmental metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) to the heterocystous symbionts of diatoms: Richelia and Calothrix. A select number of targeted gene sequences will be compared. MAGs and four draft genomes of Richelia and Calothrix were collected from public repositories (GTDB, NCBI and Tara project) and an initial comparison of GC-content and genome size was made. Based on this comparison, seven of the MAGs were determined as similar as the draft genomes of the known symbionts. After, a heatmap was created based on 27 targeted genes, some of which are highly conserved, to further characterize the phylogeny of the MAGs (Appendix 2). Results from the GC-content and genome size graph and the heatmap indicated similar trends which could connect one of the MAGs being most similar to the RintRC01 draft genome whereas the other five MAGs resembled the RintHH01 draft genome. Based on these results, conclusions can be drawn that the unknown MAGs are likely derived from symbionts of diatoms and could also possess similar characteristics, such as their cellular location, function and role in the N and C cycles.

Det här examensarbetet har utrett riskerna för att få bindfel vid gasmetalbågsvetsning av halv V-fog på uppdrag för DEKRA Industrial AB som utför teknisk kontroll, certifiering, provning och besiktning. Arbetet utreder ett tidigare fall där indikationer från ultraljudsprovning visade att bindfel och ofullständig inträngning fanns i den större delen av svetsförbanden i en konstruktion. De svetsförbanden var svetsade med gasmetalbågsvetsning och har en halv V-fogs utformning. En litteraturstudie gjordes om ljusbågsteorin och orsaken till bindfel. Sedan svetsades fyra prover upp, två med snäv fogvinkel och två med bred fogvinkel, där det tidigare fallet försöktes efterliknas. Proverna provades med ultraljudsprovning och makroskopisk provning för att finna bindfel och andra defekter. Litteraturstudien visar att bindfel uppkommer så fort ljusbågen inte hinner smälta upp det underliggande materialet och smältan läggs på osmält material. En av orsakerna till det är fel pistolvinkel vilket ger att ena fogen inte smälts och bindfel erhålls. Dessutom så spelar elektrodutsticket stor roll där ett för långt elektrodustick antingen ger en för kall process eller ett för stort smältbad beroende på om parametrarna ändras av svetsaren. Vid svetsning i halv V-fog så är åtkomligheten dålig så det är stor risk att få både fel pistol vinkel och ett felaktigt elektrodutstick. Provsvetsningens resultat var att de snäva halva V-fogarna var svår svetsade och fick ofullständig inträngning och innehöll bindfel och slagginneslutningar. Dessutom var topsträngarna svårsvetsade med WPS:ens parameterar. Slutsatsen efter svetsningen och provningen är att risken för bindfel är hög vid snäva fogar samt att de som svetsat i det tidigare fallet inte kan ha följt sina WPS:er för att uppnå godkända toppsträngar. / This thesis work has evaluated the risks of getting lack of fusion during gas metal arc welding of single-bevel prepared T-joints. The work has been done at DEKRA Industrial AB that is specialized in certification, testing and inspection. The reason for this work is an earlier case where ultrasound testing indicated lack of fusion and lack of penetration was located in the major part of the weld joints in a construction. Those weld joints had been gas metal arc welded and had a single-bevel preparation. A literature study was done on the subject of weld arc theory and the cause of lack of fusion. Then four samples were welded trying to imitate the earlier case, two with a wide joint preparation and two with a narrow preparation. The samples were subjected to ultrasound testing and macroscopic analysis to evaluate the existence of lack of fusion and other defects. The literature study shows that lack of fusion appear as soon the weld arc miss the base material and the molten weld consumable solidify on unmelted material. One of the causes is a wrong pistol angle which will make the weld arc miss one of the joint walls. Also, another important parameter is the electrode stick-out. A too long stick-out generates a too cold process or a too large puddle of melted metal depending if the welding parameters are adjusted to compensate the stick-out. When welding with a single-bevel joint, there is a heightened risk of getting the described problems because of the bad accessibility. The results from the welding were that the narrow prepared joints were hard to weld with and get proper quality, with lack of penetration and lack of fusion. The conclusion from the welding and testing is that the risk of getting lack of fusion is high while welding narrow single-bevel prepared Tjoints.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

No description available.

La gammopathie monoclonale IgM est une polyneuropathie démyélinisante sensorielle et motrice. Il a été montré qu'elle est associée à des anticorps contre des glycoprotéines associées à la myéline (MAG/SGPG). L'épitope HNK-1 est un résidu 3-sulfo-glucuronyle lié à des structures lactosamine et il est présent aussi bien dans MAG que dans SGPG (SO4-3-GlcA(β1-3)Gal-(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal-(β1-4)Glcβ(1-1′)Cer). Il est exprimé principalement dans le système nerveux et joue un rôle important dans la réinnervation motrice préférentielle. Toutefois, l'épitope HNK-1 est difficile à isoler et à synthétiser et les essais diagnostiques cliniques ne sont pas toujours reproductibles et fiables.Le but de notre étude est d'identifier un outil synthétique simple de diagnostic (peptide ou monosaccharide), mimétique de l'épitope HNK-1, capable de reconnaître les anticorps dans les sera des neurogammapathies par Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) afin qu'il soit utilisé chez des patients à l'état précoce et qu'il puisse éventuellement permettre le suivi de l'évolution de la maladie. Pour cela, nous avons essayé de synthétiser ce trisaccharide, puis nous avons réalisé la synthèse de ses monosaccharides terminaux avec différents groupements fonctionnels (glucopyranoside d'octyle, acide 1-O-octylglucuronique, acide 1-O-octyl-3-O-sulfoglucuronique et acide 8-aminooctyl-3-O-sulfo-glucuronique).Puis 10 peptides linéaires et cycliques mimant conformationellement et/ou structuralement le HNK-1 ont également été synthétisés (LSETTI, LSETTl, cyclo(-TTILSE-), cyclo(-TTlLSE-), cyclo(-TKTlLSE-), cyclo(-TETKlLSE-), TYTKlLSE, TY(SO3)TKlLSE, cyclo(-TYTKlLSE-) et cyclo(-TY(SO3)TKlLSE-)). Les cinétiques d'affinité de ces mimes sucres et peptides ont été étudiées avec un anticorps anti HNK-1 commercial en utilisant le Biacore. De plus, les mimes avec les plus fortes affinités ont été choisis pour des études d'interaction antigène-anticorps dans des sera de patients atteints de gammapathie IgM. / IgM monoclonal gammopathy is a common age-related demyelinating sensory and motor polyneuropathy. It has been shown to be associated with antibodies against myelin-associated glycoproteins (MAG/SGPG). The HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope is a terminal 3-sulfo-glucuronyl residue attached to lactosamine structures and it is shared both in MAG and SGPG (SO4-3-GlcA(β1-3)Gal-(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal-(β1-4)Glcβ(1-1′)Cer). It is mostly expressed in the nervous system and plays an important role in preferential motor reinnervation. Nevertheless, the HNK-1 epitope is difficult to be isolated and synthesized and diagnostic assays used in the clinics are not always reproducible and reliable. Therefore in our study, our goal is to identify a simple synthetic diagnostic tool (peptide or monosaccharide), mimetic of the HNK-1 epitope, able to recognize antibodies in neurogammopathies sera by Surface Plasmon Resonance to be used in earlier stage patients and possibly to monitor disease activity. For this reason, we firstly tried to synthesize this trisaccharide and then we achieved the synthesis of its terminal monosaccharides with different function groups (octyl glucopyranoside, octyl glucuronic acid, octyl 3-O-sulfo-glucuronic acid and 8-amino octyl 3-O-sulfo-glucuronic acid). Then 10 linear and cyclic peptides conformationally and/or structurally mimicking HNK-1 were also synthesized (LSETTI, LSETTl, cyclo(-TTILSE-), cyclo(-TTlLSE-), cyclo(-TKTlLSE-), cyclo(-TETKlLSE-), TYTKlLSE, TY(SO3)TKlLSE, cyclo(-TYTKlLSE-) and cyclo(-TY(SO3)TKlLSE-)). The SPR kinetic binding affinities of all these sugar and peptide mimics were studied with commercial anti HNK-1 antibody using Biacore. Moreover, mimics with highest binding affinities were chosen for antigen-antibody interaction study in IgM gammopathy patients' serum.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-25T11:52:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - JEANE COLARES DA SILVA.pdf: 2303490 bytes, checksum: caa6d64d65e5cd48174ecbf66393cd63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T11:52:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - JEANE COLARES DA SILVA.pdf: 2303490 bytes, checksum: caa6d64d65e5cd48174ecbf66393cd63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / This essay is a research that shows some experiences with Ticuna indigenous groups, from Tabatinga city, Amazonas, in Alto Solim?es region, on the triple frontier between Brazil, Peru and Colombia. It describes, through the music aspect, how the educational practices transmit the cultural values,like language, habits, mythology, cosmology and all the elements which determines their culture and define their ethnicity. In this cultural universe the song from the young lade ritual was elected, for being a child song and a rite of passage from childhood to adulthood specific for girls from Mag?ta community, because it essentially presents a pedagogical character. At first, some ethnological concepts were used to understand and distinguish the indigenous education and the indigenous scholar education. Among the bibliographic reference consulted, there are important information sources to study Mag?ta people, written by authors like Jo?o Pacheco de Oliveira, Roberto Cardoso e Abel Ant?nio Santos. Many different methodology instruments of research such as bibliographic research and the observation of the participants were used. Were examined the historical processes inside the social movements and the indigenous movements which contributed to guarantee the educational rights to the Brazilian autochthones people. The music taught at school is historically a conquest of innumerous social movements. This research will talk about all this issues in the music teach, verifying its convergence about the indigenous scholar emancipation. The aim is to study deeply specific educational issues and analyze the conceptual ways of education that could be presented in the teach-learning practices. The indigenous song and specifically the Mag?ta indigenous song, were analyzed contextualizing the current musical practices concepts in the national culture. At last, it is possible to verify that the music educational practice that many educators fight to be installed in the Brazilian educational system is extensively involved in Mag?ta?s educational practice in Alto Solim?es region, because the music is an important pedagogical way to transmit the knowledge practiced by them. / Apresentamos neste trabalho uma pesquisa que visa expor experi?ncias com grupos ind?genas da etnia Ticuna, no Amazonas, na regi?o do Alto Solim?es, especificamente no munic?pio de Tabatinga, localizado na tr?plice fronteira entre Brasil, Col?mbia e Peru. Trata da descri??o de como se d? a pr?tica de ensino no sentido da transmiss?o dos valores culturais que definem essa etnia identitariamente como a l?ngua, costumes, mitologia, cosmologia e demais elementos determinantes em sua cultura, atrav?s da m?sica. Nesse universo cultural elegemos a m?sica ritual da festa da mo?a nova, por apresentar essencialmente um car?ter pedag?gico, sendo este um ritual de passagem para meninas da comunidade e a m?sica infantil Mag?ta, que ? amplamente utilizada como ferramenta de ensino entre os ind?genas. Como ponto de partida utilizamos conceitos etnol?gicos para compreender e diferenciar a educa??o ind?gena e a educa??o escolar ind?gena. Entre os autores consultados nas refer?ncias bibliogr?ficas constam importantes fontes para o estudo especificamente do povo1 Mag?ta como Jo?o Pacheco de Oliveira, Roberto Cardoso e Abel Ant?nio Santos. Foram utilizadas v?rias ferramentas de metodologia de pesquisa como a pesquisa bibliogr?fica e o trabalho de campo com observa??o participante. Procuramos conhecer os processos hist?ricos contidos a partir de movimentos sociais e os movimentos ind?genas que em muito contribu?ram para garantir o direito a educa??o dos povos aut?ctones brasileiros. No caso do ensino de m?sica na escola, historicamente ? fruto de conquista de in?meros movimentos sociais e partindo dessa tem?tica gostar?amos de abordar tais quest?es para o ensino de m?sica, verificando sua converg?ncia quanto a quest?o da emancipa??o escolar ind?gena. Buscamos estudar com maior profundidade quest?es espec?ficas da educa??o. Neste sentido, fomos analisar todas as formas conceituais de educa??o que poderiam estar contidas nesta pr?tica de ensino-aprendizagem. Analisamos a m?sica ind?gena, e a m?sica ind?gena Mag?ta, de forma a contextualizar com os conceitos vigentes do fazer musical, na cultura nacional. Enfim temos verificado que a pr?tica da Educa??o Musical, que muitos educadores lutaram para que fosse implantado no sistema de ensino brasileiro, est? muito presente na pr?tica de educa??o do povo Mag?ta aqui no Alto Solim?es, pois a m?sica ? um caminho de grande valor pedag?gico para transmiss?o de conhecimentos praticados por eles

No description available.

Detta arbete har genomförts vid Volvo Construction Equipment i Braås. I nuläget används konventionell spraybågssvetsning med metallpulverfylld rörtråd i produktionen. Ett alternativ som övervägs är att byta till solidtråd. Huvudsyftet med detta arbete har varit att utreda huruvida några utvalda processer med 1.2 mm solidtråd är kapabla att producera ensträngs kälsvetsar som uppfyller av Volvo CE ställda krav: - Minst 3 mm i-mått. - Teoretiskt a-mått mellan 4 och 5.5 mm. - Svetsklass VD enligt Volvo standard STD 181-0004. - Kompatibel med fogföljning via ljusbåge. - Ingen spalt mellan plåtarna tillåten. Arbetet inleddes med en litteraturstudie för att framförallt beskriva svetsparametrars inverkan på svetsens inträngningsprofil och geometri.  Ett stort antal svetsförsök utfördes med konventionell spraybåge samt de vågformsstyrda processerna Fronius PMC och Lincoln Electrics RapidArc. Försöken genomfördes i PA och i PB läge. I PB läget orienterades förbandet dels med gränsytan mellan plåtarna horisontellt och dels vertikalt. Flertalet av försöken genomfördes med svetstraktor. Kompletterande försök genomfördes med svetsrobot. Inträngning och kvalité bedömdes framförallt genom makroprov och syning, men också genom lasermätning. Vid inledande faktorförsök med RapidArc, PMC och konventionell spraybågsprocess användes trådmatningshastighet 13 och 15 m/min i kombination med svetshastighet 55 och 65 cm/min. Försöken visade att i PB läge med horisontell gränsyta kan 3 mm i-mått uppnås med trådmatningshastigheten 13 m/min och svetshastigheten 55 cm/min. Under avslutande svetsförsök med PMC i PB läge med gränsytan vertikalt vid 60 cm/min svetshastighet, pendling och 14.5-15.5 m/min trådmatningshastighet erhölls i-mått avsevärt överstigande 3 mm. Vid svetsförsök i PB läge med solidtråd uppnåddes kraven på 3 mm i-mått och mjuka fattningskanter med ökad svetshastighet jämfört med ett typiskt produktionsfall. I PA läge erhölls mindre skillnad gentemot ett produktionsfall. Genom ytterligare optimering av svetsprocesserna är det dock inte orimligt att svetshastigheterna kan ökas utan försämrade i-mått och fattningskanter. Möjlig kostnadsreducering för tillsatsmaterialet vid övergång till solidtråd är 30-50% beroende på att solidtråden är billigare än metallpulverfylld rörtråd. Ytterligare kostnadsreducering kan erhållas genom förbrukning av mindre mängd tillsatsmaterial. Vid genomförde svetsförsök har mindre mängd tillsatsmaterial tillförts jämfört med typiska produktionsfall.  Både den konventionella spraybågsprocessen och de vågformsstyrda processerna är kapabla att producera de eftersträvade svetsarna med solidtråd. Här måste dock ett ”varnade finger” höjas; vid svetsningen krävs god kontroll av elektrodvinklarna och elektrodens position relativt fogens rot, annars erhålls betydligt sämre resultat. / This thesis has been performed at Volvo Construction Equipment in Braås. Currently, conventional MAG spray transfer with metal cored wire is used in the production. The company is now considering switching from metal cored wire to solid wire. The main purpose of this thesis has been to investigate whether a few selected processes used with 1.2 mm solid wire are capable of producing single pass fillet welds that conform to the following requirements set by Volvo CE: - Minimum i-dimension 3 mm. - Theoretical throat thickness between 4 and 5.5 mm. - Weld class VD according to Volvo standard STD 181-0004. - Compatible with Through Arc Seam Tracking. - No gap between the plates is allowed. A literature study was performed primarily in order to describe the influence of weld parameters on the weld and penetration profile. A large number of weld trials were performed with conventional spray transfer and the two waveform controlled processes Fronius PMC and Lincoln Electrics RapidArc. The weld trials were performed in the weld positions PA and PB. For PB the joint root was orientated both horizontally and vertically. For the majority of trials a weld tractor was used. Complementary trials were performed by a robot. Weld testing consisted primarily of macro etch testing and visual inspection but also laser scanning. The initial trials with RapidArc, PMC and conventional spray transfer were performed with the wire feed speeds 13 and 15 m/min in combination with the travel speeds 55 and 65 cm/min. The trials showed that when using weld position PB with a horizontal joint root, 3 mm i-dimension can be achieved by using wire feed speed 13 m/min and travel speed 55 cm/min. Final trials with PMC were performed in weld position PB with a vertical joint root using wire feed speeds 14.5-15.5 m/min, a travel speed of 60 cm/min and weaving resulting in i-dimensions much greater than 3 mm being achieved. Using solid wire in weld position PB, welds with 3 mm i-dimension and good wetting of the toes were produced with increased travel speed compared to a typical production case. However, in weld position PA less difference was obtained compared to a typical production case. By further optimizing the weld processes it is not unlikely that the travel speeds can be increased while maintaining the i-dimension and good wetting of the toes. A possible cost reduction for the filler material is 30-50% because solid wire is cheaper than metal cored wire. Using less filler material will result in additional cost reductions. During performed weld trials less filler material was used compared to current production scenarios. Both the conventional spray transfer process and the waveform controlled processes are capable of producing the desired welds with solid wire. However, a cautionary tale must be told: when welding, good control of the electrode angles and position relative to the joint root is needed otherwise much worse results will be obtained.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.