Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2620_1.pdf: 2101146 bytes, checksum: 9393974b81107b7d181fbe8a43fa8a48 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Azevedo de Lucena Sarmento, Rafaella; Menezes Campello de Souza, Fernando. Decision Theory in the automotive market. 2011. Dissertação (Mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2011.

As a result of the proved correlation between gender inequality and armed conflict, the United Nations Security Council approved Resolution 1325 in the year 2000. In the implementation of resolution 1325 it is important to understand which levels and actors that can improve women’s role as decision makers in order to build sustainable peace. This thesis has analyzed the results that the YEPGSN between FENOCIN and SAL has had on the participants ability to improve women’s role as decision makers within FENOCIN and if the participants feels that FENOCIN empowered by the YEPGSN can be an important actor in the process to improve women’s roles in Ecuador from grass-root level. In order to understand the YEPGSN results, a field study was conducted in Ecuador and interviews were done with the participants in the YEPGSN. The empirical material was then tested against Lederachs theory on levels and actors in peace buildings processes in order to understand if the YEPGSN approach could be seen as an effective way to implement the resolution 1325 vision or not. The results showed that the view on women’s role as decision makers among the participants has changed from their experiences in Sweden and that they felt that the YEPGSN had empowered their role within FENOCIN. The participants also felt the they, through FENOCIN, can improve women’s role as decision makers in Ecuador from grass-root level. But that the results must be seen in a long term perspective and that more focus has to be put on implementation of the results. This result was closely linked with the theory on levels and actors in peace building processes. Therefore, the conclusion is that the model of YEPGSN can be seen as a approach to improve women’s role as decision makers on grass-root levels in line with Resolution 1325. / C-uppsats i Freds och Konfliktstudier

Magister Legum - LLM / The impact of trade policies on the pursuit of gender equality is often ignored. Recognising the link between trade and gender, this dissertation aims to enhance the capacity of policy-makers to mainstream gender in trade policy and to help identify ways for using trade to respond to women's needs in South Africa. In order to meet this objective, it analyses the impacts that trade liberalisation has had on the economy and on gender in general and in South Africa in particular. In addition, it evaluates the impacts on men and women in order to see if trade has contributed to reducing, accentuating or perpetuating gender inequality in South Africa. Findings have confirmed that Trade liberalisation has had both positive and negative impacts on women and men. But, they have also demonstrated that trade liberalisation has affected women and men differently having negative influences on the pursuit of gender equality. The research has, however, concluded that the impact of trade liberalisation on the pursuit of gender equality is influenced by other key factors. As strategy to mainstream gender in trade policies, the research suggests that policy-makers should analyse the implications for women and men of any trade policy before adopting such policy. This analysis would help him/her to see the possible imbalances of the new policy and implement policies and programmes to eradicate them. Also, it will help him/her to identify possible ways for using trade to empower women. The research is based on the idea that the elimination of the existing inequalities will put women at the same stage with men and will, therefore, contribute to women's empowerment in South Africa. / South Africa

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a financial literacy interface model could contribute towards the comprehensibility of financial information to decision makers in organisations. The way individuals and institutions use the concept of financial literacy suggests that different people attach different meanings to this construct. In order to establish a conceptual model for financial literacy, this study endeavours to formulate what financial literacy entails as well as decision makers’ expectations of financial information. The increase in the volume and complexity of financial information often outstrips the abilities of users to understand and interpret it for decision-making purposes. A financial literacy interface provides an opportunity window for decision makers in organisations to break through their fears and concerns in using financial figures and language. Users of financial information differ vastly with regard to their level of financial capability and sophistication, and preparers of financial information should take cognisance of the fact. The study revealed that financial literacy is a complex phenomenon and that the term encompasses more than the individual terms “financial” and “literacy”. It further endeavoured to develop a financial literacy interface model as a coordinating interface between financial information and decision makers. / Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Financial Management / unrestricted

Nowadays, more and more people drink coffee not only from Starbucks or other shops, but also brew coffee from coffee maker which with proper sizes which they can be put in the resting room of companies or homes. The products of coffee maker polarize in the market. Some of them have powerful functions and nice tastes with high prices. The others are simple, cheap but losing enjoyment of drinking coffee and people need to keep an eye on status of coffee maker. Most of people prefer the cheaper type. But more functions will take more convenience. Actually users can have them both. In this thesis, I design some functions based on the cheap type of coffee maker which will make drinking coffee more convenient and enjoyable. I use Arduino Uno as my control system, cooperating with sensors and special circuits. My system monitor working time of coffee maker, temperature of coffee and water level of both coffee pot and tank in the coffee maker. Then users can receive these values from their cell phone and doing remote control. Meanwhile considering about prices, I choose the most suitable sensors for measurement. I also do some jobs for saving energy and safe. The system locks or turns off the switch automatically for them. At last, all the sensors, wires and control chip are put in good positions in the maker.

This study aims to contribute to an understanding of how the credibility of asylum-seekers is being assessed in the UK; how narratives are valued by decision-makers and tribunal judges, how applicants’ credibility is determined, and what issues may be found with this process. I conducted interviews with seven lawyers who represent asylum-seekers, one decision-maker and one retired tribunal judge to establish their perspectives on the assessment of credibility in the UK. I then analysed these results through the theoretical framework of the sociology of law, focusing on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault. I firstly examined specific problematic areas in the practice of credibility assessment, before going on to explore broader contextual factors which may help to explain such issues. This study found that the greatest problems with credibility assessment in practice were demanding expectations of asylum-seekers and misapplication of the government guidelines on credibility, miscommunications and mistranslations, and a lack of considered reasoning in decision-making. These issues were shown to be driven by five main factors: a culture of disbelief, a lack of resources, information and communication issues, ineffective guidelines and the inherently subjective nature of credibility. The results of this study bring into question the neutrality and efficacy of the current system of credibility assessment in practice and its capacity to protect those fleeing persecution under the 1951 Refugee Convention.

Enligt Gameflowmodellen av Sweetser, P. & Wyeth, P. (2005) är spelarens kontroll av karaktärens rörelsefrihet en av flera förutsättningar för att uppnå flyt i spelet och därmed uppleva ett spel som underhållande. Spel är designade med olika typer av rörelsefrihet. I vissa spel har karaktären begränsad rörelsefrihet, det vill säga kan endast gå och hoppa medan i andra spel är rörelsefriheten mer avancerad. För att undersöka vilken typ av rörelsefrihet (om någon), avancerad eller begränsad, som ger spelare bäst flyt i spelet och därför uppskattas mest skapades två banor i Super Mario Maker 2. Dessa spelades sedan av 10 studiedeltagare med varierande spelerfarenhet. Data samlades in med hjälp av enkät och direktobservationer. Resultatet tydde på att de flesta föredrog banan med störst rörelsefrihet hos karaktären. Resultatet diskuteras med avseende på trovärdighet och eventuella felkällor. Arbetet avslutas med en diskussion om dess framtida potential.

Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines zielgruppenübergreifenden Buch-Konzeptes im Open-Source-Gedanken und die kritische Diskussion der Vor- und Nachteile des Konzeptes. Den Ausgangszustand dieser Arbeit bilden drei zielgruppenspezifische Konzepte (Maker-Konzept, schulisches Konzept, wirtschaftliches Konzept), die kritisch bewertet werden. Sowohl das Maker-Konzept als auch das schulische und das wirtschaftliche Konzept weisen Stärken und Schwächen auf. Die besondere Neuerung und ein Hauptpunkt des Konzeptes ist die Verwendung von LEGO®-Bausteinen für den Aufbau eines Michelson-Interferometers. Das Interferometer erweist sich dadurch als geeignetes Experiment zur Nachwuchsförderung im Bereich der Optik und Photonik. Die positiven Resultate hinsichtlich der Nachwuchsförderung werden zusätzlich durch den Einsatz von Open-Source-Ansätzen, wie z. B. das Veröffentlichen von Bau- und Justageanleitungen, verstärkt. Schwächen offenbart die Divergenz der Konzepte. Es werden unterschiedliche Aufbauten des Michelson-Interferometers verwendet und an verschiedene Zielgruppen adressiert. Ein Lösungsansatz zur Zusammenführung der verschiedenen Konzepte und Zielgruppen ist das zielgruppenübergreifende Buch-Konzept. Unter Beachtung des Open-Source-Gedanken und der verschiedenen Zielgruppen wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein Buch konzipiert, welches die Lösung der Forschungsfrage darstellen soll: „Ist es möglich, ein Konzept zu entwickeln, welches mehrere Zielgruppen anspricht und gleichzeitig dem Open-Source-Gedanken folgt?“ Hierfür wird der Aufbau des Michelson-Interferometers dahingehend geändert, dass er den Ansprüchen mehrerer Zielgruppen genügt und zudem durch die einheitliche Verwendung von LEGO®-Bausteinen eine einfache Aufbauweise besitzt. Darüber hinaus wird das Buch-Konzept mit einem didaktischen Grundkonzept zur Bild- und Textgestaltung versehen, um eine verständliche, strukturierte und gleichzeitig anschauliche Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung zu garantieren. Um ein möglichst positives Resultat im Sinne der Forschungsfrage und dadurch auch einen größtmöglichen Erfolg des Buch-Konzeptes zu gewährleisten, wird das Buch-Konzept in dieser Arbeit selbstkritisch reflektiert, sodass wissenschaftlich begründet geschlossen werden darf: Das Buch trägt zur Nachwuchsgewinnung und –förderung im Bereich der Optik und Photonik bei und wird der Förderidee der zu Grunde liegenden Förderungen des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung gerecht.

I takt med att CNC-fräsmaskiner blivit mer tillgängliga för allmänheten, växerbehovet av billiga alternativ till marknadsledande mätprobar (TTP). Generiska sensorer med öppen hårdvara finns tillgängliga till låga priser, men det är okäntom en sensor för under 100 kr kan användas som komponent i en mätprob, där noggrannhetskravet kan vara i storleksordningen mikrometer. Detta skulle isåfallinnebära att det finns en möjlighet att tillverka mätprobar till tillgängligare priser än dagens marknadsledande probar. Denna studie avsåg att undersöka ifall dessa sensorer var lämpade för ändamålet. Därför bedömdes ett antal Arduinokompatibla sensorer utifrån deras prestanda och lämplighet som komponent i en automatisk mätprob för arbetsstyckeslokalisering i CNC-fräsmaskiner. Sensorerna och principerna som undersöktes var: mikrobrytare, induktiva sensorer, ultraljudssensorer, IR-sensorer och kontinuitetssensorer. Sensorerna testades i en fräsmaskin och deras spridning estimerades genom att beräkna standardavvikelsen hos mätdatan. Efter en litteratursökning och intervjuer med KTHs akademiker samt den tänkta målgruppen för mätproben Stockholm Makerspace, bekräftades kravbilden på sensorn. Där belystes vikten av det låga priset på slutprodukten samt ett krav på att osäkerheten ska vara runt 0.05 mm. Mikrobrytaren konstaterades vara den lämpligaste sensorn. Detta beror på dess låga pris, oberoendet av materialet på arbetsstycket och den höga repeterbarheten. Repeterbarheten beräknades vara 5 μm med en konfidensintervall på 95%. / Since CNC-milling machines have become more accessible to the public, so has the demand for economical alternatives to the market-leading product, Trigger Touch Probes (TTP). Generic sensors with open hardware are now obtainable for a low price, but it is unknown if a sensor with a cost of under 100 SEK can be used as a component in a measuring instrument. Especially where the required accuracy lies in microns. If that is the case, it would be possible to manufacture TTP at more accessible prices than the current standard. This study aimed to answer whether the low cost sensors were suitable for this application. A number of Arduino compatible sensors were therefore evaluated in terms of performance and suitability as a component in an automated measurement probe for workpiece localization in CNC-machines. The sensors/ principles that were evaluated were: micro switches, inductive sensors, ultrasound sensors, IR-sensors, and continuity sensors. The sensors were tested in a milling machine and their statistical dispersion (scattering) were estimated by calculating the standard deviation of the data. After a literature study and interviews with academia from KTH and the intended customer, Stockholm Makerspace, the requirements on the probe were decided. The importance of the low cost of the final product were brought to attention and the requirement of a variance around 0.05 mm. The micro switch was evaluated to be the most suitable sensor due to the low price, high repeatability, and the fact that it was independent of the workpiece’s material. The repeatability was measured to be 0.0052 mm with a confidence interval of 95%.

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