Syfte: Denna studies syfte är att öka förståelsen för hur olika ledarskapsstilar påverkar konflikthantering bland chefer inom bank. Metod: I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts för att samla in data. För att samla in det empiriska materialet har vi använt oss utav semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex respondenter. Till grund för vår studie har vi använt oss utav tre olika ledarskapsstilar och fem olika konflikthanteringsstilar. Materialet har analyserats mot de valda stilarna. Resultat och slutsats: Vår studie har visat att den transformativa ledarskapsstilen samt att den tillmötesgående konflikthanteringsstilen är dem mest använda i vår studie. Studiens resultat har också visat att Examensarbetets bidrag: Vår studie har bidragit med en ökad förståelse för ämnet genom en kvalitativ metod. Studie har även bidragit till ett ytterligare perspektiv i form utav en bransch som vi inte sett tidigare. Genom detta bidrag ser vi att banker inom Sverige kan använda sig utav vår studie samt fortsatt forskning inom ämnet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Våra förslag för framtida forskning är att studera ämnet inom samma bransch fast inom ett och samma företag. Detta för att på så sätt se om det finns skillnader inom ledarskapet och konflikthantering på samma arbetsplats. Förslag på vidare forskning skulle också kunna vara att använda sig utav både enkät och intervju för en bredare syn på ämnet samt en större målgrupp. / Aim: The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of how different leadership styles affect conflict management among managers in banking. Method: In this study, a qualitative method has been used to collect data. To collect the empirical material, we have used semi-structured interviews with six respondents. As a basis for our study, we have used three different leadership styles and five different conflict management styles. The material has been analyzed against the chosen styles. Results and conclusions: Our study has shown that the transformative leadership style is the most common and that the accommodating conflict management style is the most common. The results of the study have also shown that a high degree of transformative leadership is linked to the collaborative and accommodating conflict management style. A high degree of transactional leadership is linked to the compromising and accommodating conflict management style. The study also shows that it is common for a leader to use parts from different leadership styles and that it is common for leaders to use different conflict management styles depending on the conflict situation. Contribution of the thesis: Our study has contributed to an increased understanding of the subject through a qualitative method. The study has also contributed to an additional perspective in the form of an industry that we have not seen before. Through this grant, we see that banks in Sweden can make use of our study and continued research in the subject. Suggestions for future research: Our proposals for future research are to study the subject within the same industry but within one and the same company. This is to see if there are differences in leadership and conflict management in the same workplace. Suggestions for further research could also be to use both a questionnaire and an interview for a broader view of the subject and a larger target group.

<p>Savremene organizacije u svojoj svakodnevnoj brizi za isunjavanje postavljenih ciljeva sve češće očekuju od svojih zaposlenih, a naročito menadžera, da budu isključivo posvećeni organizaciji i njenom uspehu. Cilj ovog rada je prikaz konceptualnih i teorijskih pitanja koja se tiču povezanosti stilova upravljanja i stresa na radu kod menadžera, u koja spadaju definisanje navedenih pojmova i njihovo razgraničavanje od srodnih pojmova, pri čemu se stilovi upravljanja posmatraju sa stanovišta situacionog modela liderstva razvijenog od strane Hersija i Blanšarda, a stres sa stanovištva transakcionističke teorije stresa.</p> / <p>Modern organizations in their everyday care for the fulfillment of the goals<br />increasingly expect from their employees, especially managers, to be<br />exclusively committed to the organization and its success. The aim of this<br />paper is to present the conceptual and theoretical issues related to<br />connectivity management styles and stress at work with managers, a group<br />that includes the definition of these terms and their delimitation from related<br />concepts, with a management style viewed from the standpoint of situational<br />leadership model developed by Hersеy and Blanchard, and stress from the<br />viewpoint of transactional theory of stress.</p>

Resume Topic of this thesis is leadership. Its aim is to recapitulate theoretical frame of this subject, and to outline to what extent Czech people (for purposes of this thesis Czech internet users) are familiar with leadership concept in similar way which is presented by authors who write about it. This work is based on ideas of so-called classical management schools, and information about leadership takes not only from books of chosen Czech authors, but also from works of foreign specialists like Peter F. Drucker or John Adair. For theoretical frame are used also some management textbooks like works of Koontz and Weihrich or Vodáček and Vodáčková. My hypothesis and initiative for this work is that for Czech environment leadership still is not much usual concept. There was quantitative survey on sample of Czech population carried out. As the interviewing was done online, it is not possible to present it as fully representative however criterions for choosing respondents corresponded with representative sample of Czech population when considered demographical indicators like gender, age, region or size of residence. Aim of the survey was to check on how leaders are perceived in Czech environment, which characteristics are they connected with, and if there are any differences between them and managers. The...

Valdymas – tai organizacijos narių pastangų planavimo, organizavimo, vadovavimo ir kontrolės procesų visuma, organizacijos išteklių panaudojimas siekiant organizacijos užsibrėžtų tikslų. Kadangi vadovas yra atsakingas ne tik už organizacijos funkcionavimą, bet ir už sąlygų, būtinų organizacijai ugdyti ir darbuotojų saviugdai lavinti, sudarymą, o čia išryškėja besimokančios organizacijos ypatumai organizacijos valdyme. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti „Kėdainių sporto mokyklos“ sporto organizacijos valdymą, išskiriant sporto organizacijos valdymo ypatumus, ir pateikti „Kėdainių sporto mokyklos“ sporto organizacijos tobulinimo kryptis. Tyrime dalyvavo 35 respondentai, iš kurių 71,4 % sudarė vyrai ir 28,6 % moterys. Tyrimo metu naudotas apklausos (raštu) metodas, naudotas klausimynas, kurį sudarė bendra informacija (socialiniai – demografiniai kintamieji) apie tiriamąjį, ir klausimai, susiję su sporto organizacijos valdymu besimokančios organizacijos valdymo kontekste. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog „Kėdainių sporto mokyklos“ sporto organizacijos darbuotojų imtis nėra patenkinti dabartiniu organizacijos valdymu, kadangi vadovas nekritikuoja už padarytas klaidas, neturi kritinio mąstymo, nevyksta darbuotojų poreikių aiškinimosi iš vadovo pusės, todėl santykiai tarp vadovų ir pavaldinių nėra šilti ir geri. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog sporto organizacija nesirūpina presonalo ugdymu, joje nėra sudarytų sąlygų darbuotojų savirealizacijai, nėra galimybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Management - it is planning, organizating, managing and controling process of the organiation members effort and the using of resources of the organization to reach organization goals. However, the manager is responsible not only for the functioning of the organization, but also for the conditions, which are necessary for organization development and training of the staff self-development, formation, and here apparent features of the learning organization in the organization management. The aim of this study - to reveal “Kėdainiai sport school” management of the sport organization, highlighting the features of the sport organization management and submit the direction of improvement of "Kedainiai sport school” sport organization. The study included 35 respondents, of whom 71.4% were male and 28.6% female. The study was based on these methods: questionnaire survey, questionnaire, which consisted of general information (social - demographic variables) about the respondent, and issues related to the management of sport organization in the management of the learning organization. The results showed that “Kėdainiai sport school” sports organization's staff is not satisfied with the current organization management, because that the manager does not criticize for mistakes, has no critical thinking, there is no interpretation of the needs of employees from the manager side, so the relationship aren’t warm and good between manager and his subordinates. The... [to full text]

The effective and sustainable use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in education has become commonplace as it is necessary to keep up with demands of the 21st century. ICT in education has become a tool for the empowerment of both teachers and learners for better teaching and learning. Although various ICT strategies and initiatives are implemented across South Africa, no system-wide effective and sustainable ICT integration in schools has yet come about. The pace of integration is slow and teachers avoid using ICT in their teaching and learning practices due to insufficient training. The aim of teacher professional development (TPD) is to improve teachers’ ICT application skills and knowledge, as well as to enable teachers to integrate ICT effectively in their classroom practices. Principals play a vital role in leading school reform, implementing innovations and bringing about change. The widespread assumption that high-quality leadership is an essential dimension of successful school management, leads to the question of how principals can influence teachers’ effective and sustainable integration of ICT into classrooms through TPD activities. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the influence that principals have on teachers’ ICT integration through TPD. As school leadership is frequently cited as an essential for the successful integration of ICT into education, the very position of the principal is associated with authority, accountability and power. My initial research is based on Stoner’s (1999) Adapted Life Cycle Model of Learning Technology Integration. I used this model to illustrate the principals’ influence on teachers’ integration of ICT into education. From this review subsidiary questions emerged. Qualitative research through in-depth interviews formed the basis of an interpretative perspective, allowing principals to reflect on ICT integration, as well as their influence on teachers’ use of ICT. This study followed a basic grounded theory approach where I assumed an inductive stance and strived to derive meaning from the data in order to develop new theory. Pre-defined theoretical criteria determined the selection of the respondents to ensure validity of the data. The seven principals represented secondary schools across cultural and socio-economic levels. The perceptions and experiences of the principals were analysed, compared, and patterns of influence were identified. This study indicated that principals do not only influence the integration of ICT in classrooms through their leadership and management styles, but also through their attitude toward ICT integration, knowledge on related ICT and TPD issues, as well as their strategic thinking on ICT integration. Emerging findings on the role of the principal lead to new insights on the empowerment of teachers. The study resulted in a proposed theoretical framework that indicates the interrelatedness of the emerging patterns that influence the principals’ role through TPD. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

Este trabajo de investigación expone el rol de la mujer ante la sociedad y las organizaciones, donde sobresale el liderazgo femenino en los diferentes campos profesionales, demostrando resultados positivos a través de su gestión. En el actual contexto empresarial cada vez más globalizado, se evidencia la lucha constante por incluir a las mujeres en la toma de decisiones al ocupar posiciones de alta responsabilidad en las organizaciones. Es aquí, donde además se resalta la importancia de tener las mismas oportunidades, la anulación de etiquetas que frenen su desarrollo como líderes eficaces, así como también sus competencias para enfrentar los desafíos que exige el entorno empresarial. Para ello, se utiliza el modelo de tipo explicativo que demuestra la relación por la lucha de la equidad de género con un avance lento. Esta lucha causa un impacto en la sociedad como también la valoración de la mujer en un mundo liderado por el hombre. El análisis se ha enmarcado en una muestra inicial de treinta artículos científicos de estudios realizados durante los últimos diez años. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad; explicar las actividades profesionales donde sobresale el liderazgo femenino y donde la búsqueda constante por la paridad sigue siendo un reto, sin tomar en cuenta las llamadas barreras invisibles como el techo de cristal y los prejuicios en el desarrollo profesional. / This research work exposes the role of women before society and organizations, where female leadership stands out in different professional fields, demonstrating positive results through their management. In the current increasingly globalized business context, the constant struggle to include women in decision-making by occupying positions of high responsibility in organizations is evident. It is here, where the importance of having the same opportunities is also highlighted, the cancellation of labels that slow down their development as effective leaders, as well as their skills to face the challenges demanded by the business environment. For this, the explanatory type model is used that demonstrates the relationship for the fight for gender equality with slow progress. This struggle causes an impact on society as well as the appreciation of women in a world led by men. The analysis has been framed in an initial sample of thirty scientific articles of studies carried out during the last ten years. This work is intended to; explain professional activities where female leadership excels and where the constant search for parity continues to be a challenge, without taking into account the so-called invisible barriers such as the glass ceiling and prejudices in professional development. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

(in English): This diploma thesis focuses on the impact of top manager's education on managing organization. Specifically, it focuses on directors who have studied in the field classified as helping professions and also have experience in managing an organization operating in the field of social work. The entire thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part introduces a definition of helping profession and presents field of education that a helping worker could study. It also introduces reader the theory of management, from historical development, through introducing management as a management process or as a group of managers. The last chapter of theoretical part presents a theory of management styles, a theory of communication or a theory of intentional influencing through control or support. Aim of the practical part is to find out whether and how education could affect for example manager's crisis management, communication in the organization, employee evaluation, attitude to employees or attitude to clients. A qualitative method was chosen for the research survey, specifically a form of semi-structured in-depth interview. Klíčová slova (anglicky): helping profession, education in helping profession, management, management functions, management styles

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the Psychological Capital (PsyCap) of second-career teachers (SCTs) and their perceptions of what affects their PsyCap in the workplace by surveying and interviewing second-career teachers in public school districts in central eastern and northern Virginia. The research questions were: What is the PsyCap of a second-career teacher? What are the factors that second-career teachers perceive to contribute to their PsyCap? Participants were located in rural and suburban school districts in central eastern and northern Virginia. Data collection consisted of demographic surveys, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire survey (PCQ-24), and semi-structured interviews. Eighteen second-career teachers were purposefully selected from 34 who completed the demographic survey data and PsyCap-24 to participate in semi-structured interviews using the interview questions protocol. Common themes from the interviews were determined using deductive and inductive coding. Major findings were that second-career teachers exhibited a high average workplace positive PsyCapof 4.8; mentorship and strong peer support significantly influence second-career teachers' positive PsyCap; and a teacher's relationships with colleagues and their team's impact second-career teachers' positive PsyCap. Additional findings also showed that positive relationships with administration and prior-life experiences in other fields contributed to an increase in positive PsyCap. Whereas extra duties assigned to second-career teachers negatively impact their overall PsyCap. These results underscored the significance of nurturing positive PsyCap among second-career teachers, adding to the broader research on educators' PsyCap and its impact on teacher retention and job satisfaction in education. / Doctor of Education / The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the psychological capital (PsyCap) of current teachers who held a career prior to teaching (second-career teachers) and what affects second-career teachers' PsyCap scores at the school level. The research questions were: What is the PsyCap of a second-career teacher? What are the factors that second-career teachers perceive to contribute to their PsyCap? SCTs who participated were located in rural and suburban school districts in central eastern and northern Virginia. Data collection methods involved demographic surveys, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire survey (PCQ-24), and semi-structured interviews. From a pool of 34 participants who completed the surveys, 18 second-career teachers were purposefully selected for one-on-one interviews. Analysis of the interviews highlighted several key themes, including the high average positive PsyCap score of 4.8 among second-career teachers, the significant influence of mentorship and peer support on their PsyCap, and the impact of relationships with colleagues and teams. Additionally, positive relationships with administration and prior experiences in other professional fields were found to add to positive PsyCap, while extra duties assigned to second-career teachers had a negative effect on their PsyCap. These findings emphasize the importance of fostering positive PsyCap among second-career teachers and contribute to understanding its importance for teacher retention and job satisfaction in education.

New ventures started by entrepreneurs need access to the right amount of financial resourcesin order to grow and expand businesses. Venture capital financing and partnerships withventure capital firms is a common route for entrepreneurial companies to acquire the neededfinancing for growing the venture, which in turn benefits a country’s economy as a whole.The partnership between the venture capital firm and the entrepreneur may involve conflicts,due to different goals and objectives towards the business, difference in management stylesand personal background as well as task and contextual conflicts, to mention some examples.We discovered a knowledge gap regarding conflicts between venture capital firms andentrepreneurs in Sweden and hence our aim with this study is to provide an answer on howventure capital firms and entrepreneurs are dealing with these potential conflicts in Sweden.To find out the answer, we reviewed selected and relevant literature on the subject andadapted a theoretical framework, based on existing literature. In terms of methodologicalapproach, we chose to be constructionists by following the abductive approach, in order toeffectively answer our research question and be able to add and complement our theoreticalframework, based on our empirical findings.Our empirical findings consists of four valuable interviews with venture capital firmmanagers and another four interviews with entrepreneurial CEOs and/or company founders,to get the view of both parties involved in venture capital partnerships. Based on ourempirical findings, our main conclusion is that the venture capital partnership often suffersfrom lacking communication from either or both parties, which could start or worsen theconflicts. Many of these problems are also derived by the vastly different backgrounds ofventure capital firm managers compared to entrepreneurs.Additionally, our study notes a tendency for less patience for conflicts among venture capitalfirms compared to entrepreneurs, as venture capital firms are willing to replace the currentCEO or make an early exit the venture or even liquidate its shares, if they deem problems assevere. On the other hand, entrepreneurs want to keep the dialogue going and seem to havemore patience. To mitigate the conflicts in the venture capital partnership, based on ourfindings, we propose that venture capital firms should hire managers or consultants with amore technical background when evaluating and working with certain entrepreneurs.Furthermore, venture capital firms may need to be more dynamic in terms of their controlmeasurements as opposed to being overly static on a long-term business plan which may getoutdated or lose relevancy.Entrepreneurs, nonetheless, need training and support in many cases, to understand how tocommunicate in business contexts and write business plans in order to facilitate thecollaboration with their venture capitalists.

Due to economic crisis a lot of companies are facing financial difficulties and therefore they are saving costs in almost all areas. A large number of them first reduce investments into education, corporate benefits and overall costs of human resources department. At the same time these companies do not realize that their employees represent the most valuable asset, thus they represent the possibility of finding solutions of how to get out of the crisis. With regard to recency and marginalization of that topic in my thesis I deal with work environment issues that directly affect job satisfaction and ultimately productivity and efficiency of employees. In the technical part I grapple with work environment issues, working groups, management styles, communication, motivation and stimulation. In the practical part I have analysed the work environment of the company CMC Graduate School of Business o.p.s. in which I have applied achieved knowledge based on which I have proposed such measures and improvements toward the organization that will lead to increased willingness to work and hence to reduce the staff fluctuation.