Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-08-22T22:54:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2337497 bytes, checksum: 473736948ef4fcfacde11c7f7584c4a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T22:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2337497 bytes, checksum: 473736948ef4fcfacde11c7f7584c4a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - Finep / Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is an importante crop for family farms. Its seed is used in the culinary and has medicinal properties, also produces the essential oil, which has been widely used due to its high antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activity. However, fennel plants are susceptible to attack by the aphid Hyadaphis foeniculi (Pass.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which can decrease seeds quality. The aim of this study was to characterize seed and essential oil of fennel, from plants non-attacked and attacked by aphids, and to assess the potential of each essential oil associated with jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) seed starch coatings as an antifungal agent against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, common desease in postharvest mango (Mangifera indica). The differences between seeds non-attacked and attacked by aphids, it was evaluated the profile of total and free amino acids, total and soluble protein content, activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), inhibitory activity of protease, electrophoretic profile of protein, total extractable polyphenols (TEP), yellow flavonoids and total antioxidant activity (TAA) by free radical capture DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical, profile of phenolic compounds, total lipids and fatty acid profile. The essential oils from two seeds were differentiated by the volatile compounds profile. The potential of essential oils as antifungal agents was verified in vitro tests at six concentrations (0.0; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.5% v/v) for inhibition of C. gloeosporioides in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the use of the MIC of each essential oil associated with jackfruit seed starch coating applied on mango to evaluate its ability to protect against this fungus and the quality through the parameters: firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA and pH. Non-attacked fennel seeds by aphid showed higher contents of free amino acids, soluble protein, activities of POD and PPO, TEP, yellow flavonoids and TAA, while the activity of PAL and inhibition of protease were higher in attacked seed. Significant differences were observed in the amino acid profile, electrophoretic profile of proteins and in the profile of phenolic compounds from these seeds, however the fatty acid profile was not affected. There was a significant difference to the profile of volatile compounds, with the highest amount of phenylpropanoids in attacked seeds by aphids. The MIC for two types of essential oils was at 0.5%. The combination of coatings with essential oils showed similar behavior to the quality in „Palmer‟ mangoes and the anthracnose prevention, coatings with essential oil from attacked seed by the aphids was more effective reducing the injury. The attack of aphid on fennel seeds compromises the nutritional quality for food use, however, the essential oil from this from seed can be used to inhibit the incidence and severity of anthracnose on the mango, providing an alternative use of attacked seeds that has low commercial value. / A erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) é uma cultura de grande importância na agricultura familiar. Sua semente é utilizada na culinária e possui propriedades medicinais, além de produzir óleo essencial, que tem sido utilizado devido sua atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana e inseticida. Porém, a cultura da erva-doce é susceptível ao ataque do pulgão Hyadaphis foeniculi (Pass.) (Hemiptera:Aphididae), que pode prejudicar a qualidade das sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a semente e o óleo essencial de erva-doce, oriundos de plantas não atacadas e atacadas pelo pulgão, bem como a avaliar a potencialidade de cada óleo essencial associado a recobrimentos a base de amido de semente de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) como agente antifúngico contra o agente patógeno Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, comum na pós-colheita de manga (Mangifera indica). As diferenças entre as sementes não atacadas e atacadas pelo pulgão foram determinadas através do perfil de aminoácidos totais e livres, conteúdo de proteína total e solúvel, atividade das enzimas peroxidase (POD), polifenoloxidase (PPO) e fenilalanina amônio liase (PAL), inibição de protease, perfil eletroforético de proteínas, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET), flavonoides amarelos, atividade antioxidante total (AAT) através da captura dos radicais livres DPPH• e ABTS•+, perfil de compostos fenólicos, lipídeos totais e perfil de ácidos graxos. Os óleos essenciais das duas sementes foram diferenciados através do perfil dos compostos voláteis. A potencialidade dos óleos essenciais como agentes antifúngicos foi verificada através de testes in vitro em seis concentrações (0,0; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 e 0,5 % v/v) para inibição do C. gloeosporioides, a fim de determinar as concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM) e a utilização da CIM de cada óleo essencial associada a recobrimento de amido de semente de jaca aplicado em manga para verificar sua capacidade de proteção contra este fungo e atuação nos parâmetros de qualidade: firmeza, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT e pH. As sementes de erva-doce não atacadas por pulgão apresentaram maiores quantidades de aminoácidos livres, proteínas solúveis, atividade enzimática da POD e PPO, PET, flavonoides amarelos e AAT, enquanto a atividade enzimática da PAL e inibição de protease foram superiores em semente atacada. Foram observadas diferenças significativas no perfil de aminoácidos, perfil eletroforético de proteínas e perfil de compostos fenólicos entre estas sementes, entretanto o perfil de ácidos graxos das sementes não foi afetado. Houve diferença significativa para o perfil de compostos voláteis, que apresentou maior quantidade de fenilpropanóides na semente atacada pelo pulgão. A CIM para os dois tipos de óleos essenciais, foi verificada na concentração de 0,5%. A associação dos recobrimentos com os óleos essenciais apresentou comportamento semelhante para as características de qualidade em manga „Palmer‟ e em relação à prevenção da antracnose, o recobrimento com óleo essencial de semente de erva-doce atacada pelo pulgão foi mais efetivo na redução da gravidade da lesão. O ataque do pulgão em erva-doce compromete a qualidade nutricional das sementes para uso alimentar, porém, o óleo essencial desta semente pode ser utilizado para inibir a incidência e severidade da antracnose em manga, fornecendo uma alternativa para a utilização de sementes atacadas, que tem baixo valor comercial.

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a aplicação de doses de calcário, em solo argiloso da região do cerrado, e seus resultados na produção, qualidade dos frutos e no estado nutricional das variedades de manga Haden e Keitt, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto coquinho, bem como avaliar o sistema radicular da mangueira 'Haden' em plantas com e sem calcário. O estudo foi realizado de março/2005 a fevereiro de 2008, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em um pomar implantado em 1992, espaçamento de 10 x 10 m, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no Município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental utlilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, 4 repetições na 'Haden' e 3 na 'keitt', com 5 e 4 plantas por parcela, respectivamente, nas duas variedades. Os tratamentos foram compostos de doses crescentes de calcário, tomando-se como referência a dose calculada (3,1 t ha-1), como segue: T1 = testemunha, sem aplicação de calcário; T2 = metade da dose; T3 = a dose total; T4 = 1,5 vezes a dose e T5 = 2 vezes a dose calculada, correspondendo respectivamente a zero; 1,55; 3,10; 4,65 e 6,20 t ha-1. Foram avaliadas duas colheitas consecutivas de cada variedade (2006 e 2007 na mangueira 'Haden', 2007 e 2008 na 'Keit') e realizadas amostragens de folhas em quatro épocas diferentes. A calagem promoveu melhoria dos atributos químicos do solo (pH, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC, V (%) e H+Al), com efeitos significativos na produtividade, número de frutos planta, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis e pH de frutos, havendo aumento nos teores foliares de Ca e Mg e diminuição nos teores de K, Fe, Mn e Zn. No sistema radicular promoveu aumento de 15,73% de raízes de absorção nas plantas que receberam calcário em relação à testemunha. As raízes de absorção de maior ocorrência foram aquelas com diâmetros menores do que 2 mm. / Abstract: The present work aimed to evaluate the surface lime application, in the clay soil of the cerrado region, and to observe the effects in the production, fruits quality and nutrition state of two mangoes variety, Haden and Keitt, grafted on the variety Coquinho, as well to evaluate the distribution of the root system of the mangoes Haden variety in plants that received no calcareous and plants that received calcareous. The study was conducted between March 2005 and February 2008, in a dystrophic Red Latosol (Haplustox), in an orchard implanted in 1992, spacing of 10 x 10 m, at Experimental Station/UNESP/Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design was randomized block, with 5 treatments, 4 replicates in the 'Haden' and 3 in the 'Keitt', with 5 and 4 plants by parcel, respectively. The treatments were constituted by increasing doses of liming, taking as reference of the recommended dose (3.1 t of lime ha-1) as follows: T1 = zero; T2 = half of the recommended dose; T3 = a time the recommended dose; T4 = 1.5 times the recommended dose e T5 = 2 two times the recommended dose, corresponding to zero; 1.55; 3.10; 4.65 e 6.20 t ha-1, respectively. Two harvests of each variety (2006 e 2007 in the 'Haden', 2007 and 2008 in the 'Keitt') were evaluated and the leaves were sampled in four separate periods of time. Lime application promoted an improvement on the chemical properties of the soil (pH, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC, V (%) e H+Al), with significant effects on productivity, number of fruits by plants, soluble solid, acidity and pH of fruits, having increased in the tenors of Ca and Mg and reduced in the tenors of K, Fe, Mn and Zn on the leaves. In the root system, the plants that received lime presented 15.73% of the roots of absorption more than plants no lime. The roots of absorption of bigger occurrence had a smaller diameter by 2mm. / Orientador: Francisco Maximino Fernandes / Coorientador: Aparecida Conceição Boliani / Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Jacira dos Santos Isepon / Banca: Renato de Mello Prado / Banca: José Antônio Alberto da Silva / Doutor

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-27T11:47:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelson Bernardi Lima.pdf: 1199005 bytes, checksum: e9e20cedc57b8c67aeeb8980dcfd13fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T11:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelson Bernardi Lima.pdf: 1199005 bytes, checksum: e9e20cedc57b8c67aeeb8980dcfd13fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Colletotrichum species are the most important and widespread form of decay affecting mango fruit worldwide. In this study, Colletotrichum species associated with fruit anthracnose isolated from mango in northeastern Brazil were subject to molecular and morphological analyses, epidemiology and sensitivity to fungicide. The partial sequence of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene of 143 Colletotrichum isolates was amplified, as an initial measure of genetic diversity. A subset of 47 isolates, selected to represent the range of genetic diversity and geographic origin, were further sequenced using the partial actin (ACT), β-tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL), glutamine synthetase (GS) genes and rDNA-ITS (ITS) region. Multilocus sequence analysis, together with a critical examination of the phenotypic characters, revealed four previously described species (Colletotrichum asianum, C. fructicola, C. tropicale and C. karstii) and one new species. The new species is introduced as Colletotrichum dianesii and formally described, illustrated and compared with similar taxa. Only C. asianum and C. karstii have previously been reported from mango, while the other species represent the first report associated with the mango fruits worldwide. In general, mango cultivars were susceptible to Colletotrichum species, although C. karstii did not infect the cultivars Keith and Palmer. The highest virulence of Colletotrichum species was observed in the cultivar Tommy Atkins. All Colletotrichum species were pathogenic to host range (mango, papaya, banana, guava and sweet pepper), which deserves attention in view of the existence of constant potential inoculum source. For all Colletotrichum species temperatures between 25 and 30° C provided the highest lesions, however it was found that the species have different thermal requirements for expressing the maximum virulence in fruits. All Colletotrichum species had reduced mycelial growth in the presence of fungicides methyl thiophanate and difenoconazole an azoxystrobin, regardless of the active principle. The sensitivity response varied with the fungicide and Colletotrichum species. / A antracnose causada por espécies de Colletotrichum é uma das doenças mais importantes da cultura da mangueira em todo o mundo. Neste estudo, espécies de Colletotrichum associadas à antracnose em frutas de mangueira, no nordeste do Brasil, foram coletadas e caracterizadas a partir de marcadores moleculares, morfologia, epidemiologia e sensibilidade a fungicidas. As sequências do gene gliceraldeído-3-fosfato-desidrogenase (GPDH), de 143 isolados de Colletotrichum, foram analisadas como uma primeira medida de diversidade genética. Um subgrupo de 47 isolados, selecionados para representar a gama de diversidade genética e origem geográfica, foram sequenciados usando os genes parcial actina (ACT), β-tubulina (TUB2), calmodulina (CAL), glutamina sintetase (GS) e genes rDNA- região ITS (ITS). A análise multilocus das sequências, juntamente com um exame crítico dos caracteres fenotípicos, revelou quatro espécies descritas anteriormente (Colletotrichum asianum, C. fructicola, C. tropicale e C. karstii) e uma nova espécie. A nova espécie foi introduzida como Colletotrichum dianesii e formalmente descrita e ilustrada. Apenas C. asianum e C. karstii tinham sido relatadas a partir de manga, enquanto as outras espécies representam o primeiro relato associado à antracnose em frutos de mangueira no mundo. De modo geral, as cultivares Tommy Atkins, Palmer e Keith foram suscetíveis as espécies de Colleotrichum. A menor virulência da maioria das espécies de Colletotrichum foi observada na cultivar Tommy Atkins. Todas as espécies de Colletotrichum foram patogênicas à gama de hospedeiros inoculada (manga, mamão, banana, goiaba e pimentão). Para todas as espécies de Colletotrichum as temperaturas entre 25 e 30°C proporcionaram lesões maiores, entretanto, foi comprovado que as espécies têm exigências térmicas diferentes para expressarem a máxima virulência em frutos. Todas as espécies de Colletotrichum apresentaram o crescimento micelial reduzido na presença dos fungicidas tiofanato metílico, difenoconazole e azoxistrobina. A resposta de sensibilidade variou de acordo com o fungicida e a espécie de Colletotrichum.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-27T15:47:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeria Sandra de Oliveira Costa.pdf: 1029280 bytes, checksum: 7057060a8446db15d9f71e5c654fa2be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T15:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeria Sandra de Oliveira Costa.pdf: 1029280 bytes, checksum: 7057060a8446db15d9f71e5c654fa2be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-02 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Dieback and stem-end rot in trees and fruits of mango have constituted a serious problem for the agricultural regions of Brazil, and its etiology and control is still a challenge. In the first study, the diversity of isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae from plants and fruits of mango was evaluated in semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence (5.8 S rDNA, ITS-1 e ITS-2) were used to identify a species already known and to report the presence of two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae in this region. The three species of Botryosphaeriaceae were found always in their anamorphic stage: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. This is the first occurrence of B. dothidea and N. parvum associated with dieback and stem-end rot on mango in Brazil.Botryosphaeria dothidea and N. parvum species were prevalent in the Vale São Francisco, while L. theobromae prevailed in the Vale Assú. When inoculated in mango fruits ‘Tommy Atkins’, L. theobromae and N. parvum showed to be moreaggressive if compared to B. dothidea. In the second study, it was evaluated the influence of humidity (0 and 72 h in moist chamber) and temperature (25, 30 and 35º C) in the severity of stem-end rot in fruits of mango and the susceptibility of fruits of species different (mango, papaya, avocado and banana) to the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with this disease. Mango fruits were inoculated with 15 isolates, five isolates of each of the three species of Botryosphaeriaceae. The humidity and temperature significantly influenced the severity of stem-end rot in fruits of mango. The fruits of mango inoculated with L. theobromae developed symptoms of stem-end rot regardless of the presence of a moist chamber and fruits of mango inoculated with B. dothidea and N. parvum showed symptoms only when they were exposed to a period of 72 h in a moist chamber. The greatest lesions caused by both L. theobromae and by N. parvum wereobserved in fruits kept at temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC. It was not observed thedevelopment of symptoms in the fruits inoculated with B. dothidea when they were maintained at the three temperatures evaluated during the evaluation period. The isolates of L. theobromae and N. parvum were pathogenic when inoculated in healthy fruit of mango, papaya, avocado and banana. The isolates of B. dothidea were not pathogenic on fruits of banana. / A morte descendente e a podridão peduncular em árvores e frutos de mangueira vêm se constituindo em um sério problema para as regiões agrícolas do Brasil, sendo o seu controle e etiologia ainda um desafio. No primeiro estudo, a diversidade de isolados de Botryosphaeriaceae de plantas e frutos de mangueira foi avaliada na região Semi-Árida do Nordeste do Brasil. Características morfológicas e seqüência de DNA (5.8 S rDNA, ITS-1 e ITS-2) foram usados para identificar uma espécie já conhecida e relatar a presença de duas novas espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae nesta região. As três espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae foram encontradas sempre em seu estádio anamórfico: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum e Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Essa é a primeira ocorrência de B. dothidea e N. parvum associados à morte descendente e podridão peduncular em mangueira no Brasil. Botryosphaeria dothidea e N. parvum foram asespécies prevalentes no Vale do São Francisco, enquanto L. theobromae prevaleceu no Vale do Assú. Quando inoculadas em frutos de mangueira ‘Tommy Atkins’, L. theobromae e N. parvum mostraram maior agressividade quando comparadas com B. dothidea. No segundo estudo, foi avaliada a influência da umidade (0 e 72 h de câmara úmida) e temperatura (25, 30 e 35ºC) na severidade da podridão peduncular em frutos de mangueira e a suscetibilidade de frutos de diferentes (manga, mamão, abacate e banana) às espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae associadas a esta doença. Os frutos de mangueira foram inoculados com 15 isolados, sendo cinco isolados de cada espécie de Botryosphaeriaceae. A umidade e a temperatura influenciaram significativamente a severidade da podridão peduncular em frutos de mangueira. Os frutos de mangueira inoculados com L. theobromae desenvolveram sintomas de podridão independente da presença de câmara úmida e os frutos de mangueira inoculados com B. dothidea e N. parvum apenas quando osmesmos foram expostos a um período de 72 h de câmara úmida. As maiores lesões causadas tanto por L. theobromae como por N. parvum foram observadas nos frutos mantidos nas temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC. Não foi constatado o desenvolvimento de sintomas nos frutos inoculados com B. dothidea quando eles foram mantidos nas três temperaturas avaliadas durante o período de avaliação. Os isolados de L. theobromae e N. parvum foram patogênicos quando inoculados em frutos sadios de mangueira, mamoeiro, abacateiro e bananeira. Os isolados de B. dothidea só não foram patogênicos em frutos de bananeira.

Senegal ranks second for mango production among West African countries and has the potential to competitively produce mangoes for the European market. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. and Sacc. has historically been considered the causal pathogen of anthracnose of mango and other fruits, but is now known to represent a species complex. Field trials to examine the efficacy of fungicides and biofungicides were conducted in southern and northern production regions of Senegal. In three southern trials, Sonata (Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808), Serenade Optimum (Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713), and sodium molybdate provided 63%, 67% and 76% control of disease severity, respectively, whereas thiophanate methyl and azoxystrobin provided 77% and 78% control, respectively. Disease severities of all treatments were significantly lower than that of the control. Thiophanate methyl and azoxystrobin produced more disease-free mangoes (64 and 62%, respectively) than Serenade (49%), sodium molybdate (44%), and Sonata (38%). Differences within each trial were not statistically significant, but when all trials were combined, all treatments resulted in significantly more disease-free mangoes than the control. Among treatments, thiophanate methyl and azoxystrobin resulted in significantly more disease-free mangoes than Sonata. No results were obtained in the northern orchards due to an absence of disease development. Sequencing of the ITS gene region of 30 Colletotrichum isolates from mangoes from different regions in Senegal indicated that all belonged to the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Sequencing of the ApMat intergenic region identified all of them as most closely resembling C. siamense. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

Orientador: José Fernando Durigan / Banca: Ben-Hur Mattiuz / Banca: Mário Sérgio Carvalho Dias / Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou testar o uso de tratamento químico combinado ou não com tratamento hidrotérmico, na conservação e qualidade pós-colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' e 'Palmer', bem como avaliar o efeito da modificação da atmosfera de armazenamento por filmes plásticos e cera de carnaúba no prolongamento da vida útil pós-colheita de mangas 'Palmer'. Utilizou-se mangas provenientes de pomar comercial de Taquaritinga-SP, safra 2006/2007, que foram colhidas no estádio de maturação "de vez" e imediatamente transportados para o laboratório de Tecnologia dos Produtos Agrícolas da FCAV, Jaboticabal, onde foram selecionadas, visando padronizá-las quanto a coloração, tamanho e ausência de injúrias. Na primeira fase os frutos foram submetidos a tratamento com os fungicidas Sporekill® (cloreto de dodecil dimetil amônio a 12%) e Magnate 500 EC® (imazalil a 50%), associados ou não com tratamento hidrotérmico a 53°C/5 min ('Tommy Atkins') e 53°C/10 min ('Palmer'). Após secagem, eles foram armazenados sob condição de ambiente (23°C, 65% UR), e eram analisados a cada três ('Palmer') ou quatro dias ('Tommy Atkins'), quanto a ocorrência de podridões, aparência, perda de massa e firmeza, assim como quanto ao pH e teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e ácido ascórbico da polpa. Na segunda fase, o melhor tratamento para a manga 'Palmer' foi combinado com diferentes proteções e armazenamento sob condição ambiente (23°C, 65% UR) ou refrigerada (12°C, 65% UR). Os frutos armazenados sob refrigeração, após 28 dias foram levados ao ambiente, para avaliação da evolução do amadurecimento, aos 3 e 6 dias. Utilizou-se os seguintes tratamentos: Testemunha (sem tratamento); Testemunha com tratamento fitossanitário; Filme de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), com espessura de 0,050mm; Polifilme multicamada; ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work was undertaken to test the use of chemical control in combination or not with hydrothermal treatment on the preservation and post harvest quality of 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Palmer' mangoes. Also, we evaluated the effect of modifying the storage atmosphere by the use of plastic film and carnauba wax on the shelf life of 'Palmer' fruits. Mangoes from a commercial orchard in Taquaritinga-SP were harvested in the season 2006/2007 at the breaker ripening stage, immediately transported to the laboratory of Technology of Agricultural Products, FCAV, Jaboticabal, and selected by color, size and absence of injuries. In the first stage, fruit were treated with the fungicides Sporekill® (12% dodecyl dimethyl ammonium) and Magnate 500 EC® (50% imazalil), associated or not with hydrothermal treatment at 53°C for 5 min ('Tommy Atkins') and 53°C for 10 min ('Palmer'). After drying, fruits were stored at room temperature (23°C, 65% RH), and analyzed every three ('Palmer') or four days ('Tommy Atkins') for the occurrence of rots, appearance, weight loss and firmness, as well as pH and the levels of soluble solids, titable acidity and ascorbic acid in the pulp. In the second phase, the best treatment for 'Palmer' mangoes was combined with different protections and storage at room conditions (23°C, 65% RH) or refrigerated (12°C, 65% RH). Fruits stored with refrigeration were transferred to room conditions after 28 days for ripening evaluations 3 and 6 days later. The following treatments were used: untreated control, fungicide-treated control, low-density polyethylene film (0.050mm), multilayer polyfilm, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film (0.017mm), and 18% carnauba wax. In the first stage, fruits from the cultivars Palmer and Tommy Atkins submitted to different treatments showed no wilting symptoms until the sixth and eighth day, respectively ...(Complete abstract / Mestre

MSc (Zoology) / Department of Zoology / See the attached abstract below

The research of this thesis will focus on the performance of farm forestry trees in Mubende district, Uganda. In order to this, the research will help to fill the existing knowledge gap on the performance of farm forestry trees of east Africa specially Uganda. The conducted tree species are Markhamia lutea, Ficus natalensis, Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Anitaris toxicaria, Persea americana, Albizia coriaria and Spathodea campanulata. The selection of the trees was mainly driven through the availability of age information. The trees were measured in height, age, DBH, length of commercial stem, diameter at specific height and visual observations e.g. occurrence and stem quality. To compare the performance of the conducted tree species a regression analysis with eight different functions was carried out for each tree species. The results are reproducible Stand- Height-Curves, height curves, DBH curves and curves for the single tree volume. The decision on the best curve was made on their biological plausibility and their statistical calculations. Additionally, the farmers of the trees were interviewed about their tree species for e.g. purposes of the tree, value of the wood and their own impressions on the growth of the tree species. The recommendation for the best applicable function is the Petterson function for the Stand-Height- Curve and the function of Richards for the height-, DBH- and single tree volume curve. Still these functions shouldn’t be used without comparison to other functions, especially because the used functions were developed for tree stand conditions and not specially for agroforestry conditions were the tree growth is in general higher. Additionally, an upscaling and prediction of the monetary tree values is made on the basis of the single tree volume curves and the interview results. The prediction of the farmers possible income through the cultivation of trees is made for Markhamia lutea, Ficus natalensis, Anitaris toxicaria and Albizia coriaria and assumes that 100 trees are planted on one hectare. Albizia coriaria 3.630 € achieves the highest possible extra income for the farmer followed by Ficus natalensis with 1.300 €, Anitaris toxicaria with 910€ and Markhamia lutea with 880 €. This thesis gives an example on the performance and possible monetary value of tree species in Mubende district, Uganda. Further investigation is needed to fill the knowledge gap in the performance of east African tree species and their values completely. Keywords: performance, tree growth, utilization, Uganda, East-Africa