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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Ataxia de Friedreich : da suspeita clínica ao diagnóstico definitivo

Fussiger, Helena January 2018 (has links)
As ataxias recessivas são um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, mais frequentemente com idade de início precoce (antes dos 30 anos), neuropatia sensitivo-motora periférica e envolvimento extraneurológico, mas também com quadro puro de ataxia e início tardio. A mais conhecida e comum delas é a ataxia de Friedreich (FRDA), motivo do presente trabalho. A FRDA é causada pela perda de função da frataxina, proteína transcrita pelo gene FXN. A mutação causal mais comum corresponde a uma expansão GAA no primeiro íntron desse gene. O quadro clínico clássico caracteriza-se por ataxia, arreflexia e sinal de Babinski, iniciando antes da puberdade. Também podem ocorrer alterações ósseas, Diabetes Mellitus e cardiomiopatia. Após o advento dos testes genéticos, viu-se que existem casos FRDA que iniciam após os 25 anos, chamados de late onset (LOFA), e mesmo após os 40 anos (very late onset ou VLOFA), e casos FRDA com reflexos tendinosos mantidos ou até mesmo com espasticidade (FARR). Embora a FRDA seja a ataxia recessiva mais comum no mundo, pouco se sabe sobre a sua ocorrência no Brasil. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever as manifestações da ataxia de Friedreich entre os pacientes do Rio Grande do Sul e ajudar a esclarecer critérios de seu sucesso diagnóstico, e estimar a prevalência mínima da FRDA no Rio Grande do Sul em 2017. Métodos: foi realizado estudo transversal onde todos os casos de pacientes que realizaram análise molecular para FRDA que não apresentassem critérios de exclusão (certas características jamais presentes no FRDA e presença de outros diagnósticos explicativos, descritos no texto) foram avaliados, por meio de revisão retrospectiva de seus prontuários. As seguintes variáveis foram buscadas: história familiar de recorrência, consanguinidade, gênero, primeiro sintoma, idade de início, ano do diagnóstico molecular, duração da doença, subtipo fenotípico, achados de neuroimagem, presença de cardiopatia e Diabetes Mellitus. Os sujeitos foram classificados em quatro grupos: fenótipo 1, ou FRDA parcial - se apresentassem ao menos dois dos achados da tríade clássica (ataxia, arreflexia e sinal de Babinski) e menos de 10 de evolução; com qualquer idade de início; fenótipo 2, clássico, com início antes dos 25 anos; fenótipo 3, se aparentassem ser LOFA ou FARR; e fenótipo 0, se não se incluíssem em nenhuma das categorias acima. Para a estimativa da prevalência mínima, ligações telefônicas para todos os sujeitos foram feitas e todos os vivos (de fato ou muito provavelmente) ao final do estudo (setembro de 2017) foram somados. Esse numerador foi então comparado ao da população do Rio Grande do Sul ao final do período (o denominador). Resultados: 211 pessoas de 197 famílias realizaram análise molecular para FRDA desde 1997; 27 dos 197 casos-índices (13,7%) foram diagnosticados como afetados por FRDA. Se forem considerados apenas os casos índice com ataxia de marcha (156 sujeitos), este percentual chega a 17,3%. Vinte e seis eram homozigotos para expansões GAA (98% dos alelos mutantes). A grande maioria apresentava o quadro típico. Os achados extraneurológicos foram mais comuns nos FRDA do que nos demais atáxicos (apesar de também encontrados nos outros casos em menor proporção), enquanto que sinais e sintomas neurológicos atípicos foram virtualmente inexistentes nos FRDA. Não houve variabilidade fenotípica intrafamilial na FRDA, nem diferenças entre os fenótipos em relação à presença de DM e cardiopatia ou à duração da doença. O rendimento diagnóstico reduziu-se a partir de 2010, quando mais sujeitos sem qualquer manifestação característica da FRDA (os com fenótipo 0) passaram a ser investigados. O levantamento realizado sobre os FRDA vivos em 2017 correspondeu a uma prevalência mínima estimada de 0.20:100.000 habitantes no RS. Discussão: A frequência da FRDA entre as AR/E foi menor do que a encontrada em países da Europa Ocidental, mas maior do que a encontrada em estudos latino-americanos realizados no México e em Cuba. Também a prevalência mínima estimada foi menor do que a encontrada entre europeus. É difícil se inferir a partir do nosso levantamento se esses dados refletem ou não nossa mistura étnica. As características clínicas dos FRDA foram semelhantes às descritas em estudos realizados no hemisfério norte. O baixo rendimento diagnóstico foi em alguma medida associado a critérios de indicação relaxados e que incluíram sujeitos sem suspeita clínica, em especial nos últimos anos. Apesar disso, a baixa frequência de FRDA entre os atáxicos AR/E entre nós levanta a preocupação sobre protocolos diagnósticos locais e sobre o que eles devam incluir. Finalmente, recomendamos que a investigação da FRDA seja postergada nos casos com achados raros (como a atrofia cerebelar) ou ausentes na FRDA, e nos casos sem qualquer um dos elementos da tríade clássica. / Recessive ataxias are a heterogeneous group of diseases, more frequently with early age of onset (before 30 years), peripheral motor and sensory polyneuropathy and extraneurological involvement, but also with cases of pure ataxia e late onset.. The most known and common is Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). FRDA is caused by the loss of function of frataxin, a protein coded by the gene FXN. The most common causal mutation is a GAA expansion in the first intron of this gene. The typical clinical condition is characterized for ataxia, arreflexia and Babinski sign, beggining before puberty. Bone deformities, cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Melittus can also occur. After the advent of genetic tests, other FRDA phenotypes were observed: beggining after 25 years of age, called late onset (LOFA), or even after 40 years (very late onset – vLOFA), and with retain reflexes (FARR). Althouth FRDA is considered to be the most common recessive ataxia worldwide, little is known about its occurence in Brazil. The objectives of the presente study were to describe FRDA manifestations among the carriers in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and to help clarify the reasons for its diagnostic success and estimate the minimal prevalence of FRDA in Rio Grande do Sul in 2017. Methods: a cross-sectional study was made where all the cases of patients who investigated for FRDA in our institution who didn’t met the exclusion criteria (certain features never described in FRDA and presence of other explanatory diagnosis) were analysed by medical record retrospective review. The following variables were searched: heritage pattern, gender, first symptom, age of onset, year of molecular diagnosis, disease duration, phenotypic subtype, neuroimaging findings, presence of cardiomyopathy and DM. The subjects were classified in four groups: phenotype 1, or partial FRDA – if at least two features of classical triad being and less than 10 years of evolution; phenotype 2, typical, begginig before 25 years; phenotype 3, if phenotypes LOFA or FARR; and phenotype 0 if not included on none of the later categories. To estimate the minimal prevalence, phone calls were made to all subjects and all the alive (in fact or probably) by the end of the study (september 2017) were summed up. This numerator was then compared to the population of RS in the end of the period (denominator). Results: 211 people of 197 families performed the molecular analysis for FRDA since 1997; 27 of the 197 index cases (13,7%) were diagnosed as affected by FRDA. Twenty six were homozygous for the GAA expansion (98% of the mutante alleles). The majority presented the typical picture. The extraneurological findings were more common in FRDA patients than in the other ataxics (even though they could also be found on them), while the atypical neurologic findings were virtually absent in FRDA group. There was no intrafamilial variability or diferences between the phenotypes and the presence of DM, cardiomyopathy and disease duration. The diagnostic yield was reduced after 2010, when more ataxic subjects without a suggestive phenotype of FRDA (the phenotype 0) started to be investigated. Minimal estimated prevalence by September 2017 was of 0,20:100.000 inhabitants in RS. Discussion: the frequence of FRDA between AR/E was lower than the figures found in countries from western Europe, but higher than those found in Mexico and Cuba. In accordance, minimal prevalence was also lower than those found amog Europeans. If these findings reflect or no our ethnic admixture, remains to be established. The features of FRDA were similiar to those described in studies performed on the North Hemisphere. The low diagnostic yield was somehow associated to relaxation of criteria to ask the test for FRDA in the last years. Besides that, the low FRDA frequency among us rises some concern about local diagnostic protocols and about what they should include. Finally, we recommend that FRDA investigation should be postponed in the cases with rare findings (like cerebelar atrophy), findings unrelated to FRDA, or without the other elements found in the classical triad or in FARR
82

Interface esquadria/alvenaria e seu entorno : análise das manifestações patológicas típicas e propostas de soluções / Interface between mitre/masonry and their around: typical pathological manifestations’ analysis and solutions’ proposals

Moch, Tiago January 2009 (has links)
A construção de edificações residenciais de interesse social tem alcançado destaque atualmente no Brasil, principalmente através de programas promovidos pela Caixa Econômica Federal, como o Programa de Arrendamento Familiar (PAR), no qual o processo construtivo em alvenaria modular é utilizado amplamente. Esse processo construtivo vem sendo estudado há vários anos, e novas tecnologias são incorporadas gradativamente, visando à otimização da produção e melhoria da qualidade. Entretanto, antigos e novos problemas ainda ocorrem. Este trabalho é parte do projeto de pesquisa para transferência de tecnologia de materiais ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos para a construção de habitação de interesse social (COMPOHIS), que iniciou em fevereiro de 2007. Tem por objetivo o estudo das manifestações patológicas típicas da região de interface esquadria/alvenaria e seu entorno, identificando suas causas, analisando-as e elaborando propostas de soluções para evitá-las. Na identificação e análise das manifestações patológicas foi adotado o método de análise sistemática por observação direta proposto por RICHTER (2007), o qual foi aplicado nos dados obtidos pelo grupo de pesquisa do projeto COMPOHIS, em empreendimentos do programa PAR; enquanto que na elaboração de propostas de soluções foi adotada uma metodologia projetual proposta por AZAMBUJA (2008). De forma geral, verificou-se que a incidência de manifestações patológicas nas faces externas foi aproximadamente 34,6% superior às faces internas. A região com a maior incidência de manifestações patológicas, nesse sistema construtivo, foi a de entorno às esquadrias, e a fissura (CDU = 0,14) foi o tipo de manifestação com a maior incidência, 45% superior à segunda manifestação patológica de maior incidência, a fissura isolada, seguida pela umidade generalizada e fissura mapeada (que não apresentaram diferença significativa). / The residential buildings’ construction of social interest has been reaching highlights nowadays in Brazil, mainly through programs promoted by Caixa Econômica Federal, as Programa de Arrendamento Familiar (PAR), in which the constructive process in modular masonry is thoroughly used. This constructive process has been studied for several years, and new technologies are being incorporated gradually, looking for the best utilization of the production and the quality improvement. However, old and new problems are still happening. This work is part of a research project - that has began in February, 2007 – which tries to find new material’s technologies and transfer them to the design of new products for the construction of social interest houses (COMPOHIS). It has for objective the study of the typical pathological manifestations between mitre/masonry and their around, identifying their causes, analyzing them and elaborating proposes of solutions to avoid them. In the identification and in the analysis of these pathological manifestations the method of systematic analysis by direct observation proposed by RICHTER (2007) was adopted. This method was applied in the data obtained by COMPOHIS research group, in PAR’s constructions. During the elaboration of solutions was adopted a project methodology proposed by AZAMBUJA (2008). In general, it was found that the incidence of pathological events in the external side was approximately 34,6% higher than the internal side. The area with the highest incidence of pathological events, in this constructive system, was the around frames area, and type of event with the highest incidence was the cleft (CDU = 0.14), which was 45% higher than the second highest incidence of pathological manifestations, the crack alone, followed by widespread humidity and cleft mapped (which didn’t present significant difference).
83

Avaliação do desempenho cognitivo de pacientes com Neurocisticercose / Assessment cognitive performance of patients with Neurocysticercosis

Carolina Trebi Penatti 24 October 2011 (has links)
Introdução: Neurocisticercose (NCC) é a doença parasitária do sistema nervoso central (SNC) mais freqüente no mundo, afetando mais de 50 milhões de pessoas. No entanto, alguns de seus achados clínicos, tais como comprometimento cognitivo, é um aspecto pouco estudado na literatura e ainda permanece mal caracterizado. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho cognitivo de pacientes portadores de NCC e comparar o desempenho deste grupo em testes de avaliação cognitiva com o desempenho de indivíduos saudáveis (GC) e de indivíduos com epilepsia criptogênica (GE). O estudo objetivou também relacionar os achados com o tipo morfológico, número, localização dos cisticercos e fase de desenvolvimento do parasita. Métodos: 32 pacientes (média de idade = 45,2 ± 10,2 anos) com diagnóstico de NCC, com ou sem tratamento específico e em ambas as fases de desenvolvimento do parasita (formas ativa e inativa) foram submetidos a uma avaliação cognitiva, constituída de dez testes (memória, habilidades visuoespaciais, cálculo, abstração, praxias e gnosias e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM), sendo comparados a 32 GC e 24 GE emparelhados por idade, gênero e nível educacional. Resultados: Pacientes com NCC apresentam prejuízo cognitivo, em comparação aos controles saudáveis em tarefas de memória visual, memória lógica imediata e recente. Pacientes com NCC e aqueles do GC apresentaram um desempenho cognitivo superior, em comparação ao GE; nos testes que envolveram a atenção e a memória operacional e na praxia reflexiva. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no desempenho cognitivo nos três grupos estudados nos testes cognitivos que avaliaram a praxia construcional e ideomotora, cálculo e capacidade de abstração e julgamento. Não foi encontrada correlação entre alterações nos testes cognitivos dos pacientes com NCC e número de lesões e a fase de desenvolvimento do parasita. Em relação ao tipo morfológico, foi observado que os indivíduos que apresentavam a forma racemosa obtiveram um desempenho inferior no teste do Mini Exame do estado mental (MEEM), quando comparados aos que apresentavam a forma cística simples. Em relação à localização dos cisticercos, pode-se notar que os indivíduos com lesões de localização parenquimatosa demonstraram escores inferiores no teste de Faces Famosas e no teste de memória lógica recente, quando comparados àqueles com lesões ventriculares e no espaço subaracnóide. Conclusões: O declínio cognitivo foi uma manifestação clínica muito freqüente em nossa amostra de pacientes com NCC. Estes dados podem fornecer um conhecimento mais abrangente das manifestações clínicas presentes na NCC / Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most frequent parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting more than 50 million people. However, some its clinical findings, such as cognitive impairment, are is an aspect little studied in the literature and remain poorly characterized. Aim: Assess the cognitive performance of patients with NCC and compare the performance of this group healthy controls (HC) and cryptogenic epilepsy (CE) patients. The study also aimed to relate the findings with the morphological type, number, location of cysticerci and development phase of the parasite. Methods: thirty-two patients (mean age = 45.2 ± 10.2 years) with diagnosis of NCC, with or without specific treatment and in both stages of parasite development (active and inactive forms) underwent a cognitive evaluation, constituted of ten tests. They were then compared to HC 32 and 24 CE, matched for age, gender and educational level. Results: NCC patients presented cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls in tasks of visual memory, immediate and recent logical memory. NCC patients and the HC presented a higher cognitive performance, compared to CE, in tests involving attention, working memory and reflective praxis. There was no statistically significant difference in cognitive performance among the three groups on cognitive tests that assessed ideomotor and constructional praxis, calculation and capacity for abstraction and trial. No correlation was found between changes in cognitive tests of patients NCC and number of lesions and stage of parasite development. Regarding to the morphological type, it was observed that individuals with the racemose form a lower performance in tests of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), when compared to those who had the simple cystic form. Regarding location of cysticerci, it was noted that individuals with parenchymal lesions showed lower scores in the Famous Faces Test and recent test of logical memory when compared to those with lesions in the ventricular and subarachnoid space. Conclusions: The cognitive decline was a very frequent clinical manifestation in our sample of patients NCC. This data provide a better understanding of the broader clinical manifestations in patients with NCC
84

Making sense of the lived and told experience of the 'ill' body : a phenomenological exploration into the storied and embodied nature of somatic or medically unexplained symtoms

Haggard, Claire Louise 25 July 2013 (has links)
Despite a wealth of literature on the aetiology of somatic distress or somatization, somatic theory has failed to expand beyond a dualistic epistemology of causation. Within the primary health context where medically unexplained symptoms are characteristically articulated as literal, symbolic gestures of internal psychological processes, individuals' subjective accounts of somatic distress are reduced to objective phenomena and thus articulated on the grounds of absence. Within this context, the body as a lived, meaningful, perceiving subjectivity is silenced in favour of the corpse, thus rendering the somatizing individual's lived and subjective experience, expression and knowledge of somatic distress inaccessible. Instead, the somatizing individual is positioned within a domain of perturbed silence - a domain in which the professional's turning away or retreat from engaging somatization on the grounds of unique, subjective and corporeal experience, positions the patient/client as a passive, silent recipient whose somatic expressions as lived are overlooked. This study attempts to initiate a theoretical focus of departure from existing articulations of somatic distress through the development of a theoretical and epistemological framework that addresses some of the tensions inherent to contemporary somatic theory. In so doing, it employs embodiment philosophy and narrative methodology as a basis for a preliminary and critical investigation into a relatively neglected area of somatization research. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
85

Ataxia de Friedreich : da suspeita clínica ao diagnóstico definitivo

Fussiger, Helena January 2018 (has links)
As ataxias recessivas são um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, mais frequentemente com idade de início precoce (antes dos 30 anos), neuropatia sensitivo-motora periférica e envolvimento extraneurológico, mas também com quadro puro de ataxia e início tardio. A mais conhecida e comum delas é a ataxia de Friedreich (FRDA), motivo do presente trabalho. A FRDA é causada pela perda de função da frataxina, proteína transcrita pelo gene FXN. A mutação causal mais comum corresponde a uma expansão GAA no primeiro íntron desse gene. O quadro clínico clássico caracteriza-se por ataxia, arreflexia e sinal de Babinski, iniciando antes da puberdade. Também podem ocorrer alterações ósseas, Diabetes Mellitus e cardiomiopatia. Após o advento dos testes genéticos, viu-se que existem casos FRDA que iniciam após os 25 anos, chamados de late onset (LOFA), e mesmo após os 40 anos (very late onset ou VLOFA), e casos FRDA com reflexos tendinosos mantidos ou até mesmo com espasticidade (FARR). Embora a FRDA seja a ataxia recessiva mais comum no mundo, pouco se sabe sobre a sua ocorrência no Brasil. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever as manifestações da ataxia de Friedreich entre os pacientes do Rio Grande do Sul e ajudar a esclarecer critérios de seu sucesso diagnóstico, e estimar a prevalência mínima da FRDA no Rio Grande do Sul em 2017. Métodos: foi realizado estudo transversal onde todos os casos de pacientes que realizaram análise molecular para FRDA que não apresentassem critérios de exclusão (certas características jamais presentes no FRDA e presença de outros diagnósticos explicativos, descritos no texto) foram avaliados, por meio de revisão retrospectiva de seus prontuários. As seguintes variáveis foram buscadas: história familiar de recorrência, consanguinidade, gênero, primeiro sintoma, idade de início, ano do diagnóstico molecular, duração da doença, subtipo fenotípico, achados de neuroimagem, presença de cardiopatia e Diabetes Mellitus. Os sujeitos foram classificados em quatro grupos: fenótipo 1, ou FRDA parcial - se apresentassem ao menos dois dos achados da tríade clássica (ataxia, arreflexia e sinal de Babinski) e menos de 10 de evolução; com qualquer idade de início; fenótipo 2, clássico, com início antes dos 25 anos; fenótipo 3, se aparentassem ser LOFA ou FARR; e fenótipo 0, se não se incluíssem em nenhuma das categorias acima. Para a estimativa da prevalência mínima, ligações telefônicas para todos os sujeitos foram feitas e todos os vivos (de fato ou muito provavelmente) ao final do estudo (setembro de 2017) foram somados. Esse numerador foi então comparado ao da população do Rio Grande do Sul ao final do período (o denominador). Resultados: 211 pessoas de 197 famílias realizaram análise molecular para FRDA desde 1997; 27 dos 197 casos-índices (13,7%) foram diagnosticados como afetados por FRDA. Se forem considerados apenas os casos índice com ataxia de marcha (156 sujeitos), este percentual chega a 17,3%. Vinte e seis eram homozigotos para expansões GAA (98% dos alelos mutantes). A grande maioria apresentava o quadro típico. Os achados extraneurológicos foram mais comuns nos FRDA do que nos demais atáxicos (apesar de também encontrados nos outros casos em menor proporção), enquanto que sinais e sintomas neurológicos atípicos foram virtualmente inexistentes nos FRDA. Não houve variabilidade fenotípica intrafamilial na FRDA, nem diferenças entre os fenótipos em relação à presença de DM e cardiopatia ou à duração da doença. O rendimento diagnóstico reduziu-se a partir de 2010, quando mais sujeitos sem qualquer manifestação característica da FRDA (os com fenótipo 0) passaram a ser investigados. O levantamento realizado sobre os FRDA vivos em 2017 correspondeu a uma prevalência mínima estimada de 0.20:100.000 habitantes no RS. Discussão: A frequência da FRDA entre as AR/E foi menor do que a encontrada em países da Europa Ocidental, mas maior do que a encontrada em estudos latino-americanos realizados no México e em Cuba. Também a prevalência mínima estimada foi menor do que a encontrada entre europeus. É difícil se inferir a partir do nosso levantamento se esses dados refletem ou não nossa mistura étnica. As características clínicas dos FRDA foram semelhantes às descritas em estudos realizados no hemisfério norte. O baixo rendimento diagnóstico foi em alguma medida associado a critérios de indicação relaxados e que incluíram sujeitos sem suspeita clínica, em especial nos últimos anos. Apesar disso, a baixa frequência de FRDA entre os atáxicos AR/E entre nós levanta a preocupação sobre protocolos diagnósticos locais e sobre o que eles devam incluir. Finalmente, recomendamos que a investigação da FRDA seja postergada nos casos com achados raros (como a atrofia cerebelar) ou ausentes na FRDA, e nos casos sem qualquer um dos elementos da tríade clássica. / Recessive ataxias are a heterogeneous group of diseases, more frequently with early age of onset (before 30 years), peripheral motor and sensory polyneuropathy and extraneurological involvement, but also with cases of pure ataxia e late onset.. The most known and common is Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). FRDA is caused by the loss of function of frataxin, a protein coded by the gene FXN. The most common causal mutation is a GAA expansion in the first intron of this gene. The typical clinical condition is characterized for ataxia, arreflexia and Babinski sign, beggining before puberty. Bone deformities, cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Melittus can also occur. After the advent of genetic tests, other FRDA phenotypes were observed: beggining after 25 years of age, called late onset (LOFA), or even after 40 years (very late onset – vLOFA), and with retain reflexes (FARR). Althouth FRDA is considered to be the most common recessive ataxia worldwide, little is known about its occurence in Brazil. The objectives of the presente study were to describe FRDA manifestations among the carriers in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and to help clarify the reasons for its diagnostic success and estimate the minimal prevalence of FRDA in Rio Grande do Sul in 2017. Methods: a cross-sectional study was made where all the cases of patients who investigated for FRDA in our institution who didn’t met the exclusion criteria (certain features never described in FRDA and presence of other explanatory diagnosis) were analysed by medical record retrospective review. The following variables were searched: heritage pattern, gender, first symptom, age of onset, year of molecular diagnosis, disease duration, phenotypic subtype, neuroimaging findings, presence of cardiomyopathy and DM. The subjects were classified in four groups: phenotype 1, or partial FRDA – if at least two features of classical triad being and less than 10 years of evolution; phenotype 2, typical, begginig before 25 years; phenotype 3, if phenotypes LOFA or FARR; and phenotype 0 if not included on none of the later categories. To estimate the minimal prevalence, phone calls were made to all subjects and all the alive (in fact or probably) by the end of the study (september 2017) were summed up. This numerator was then compared to the population of RS in the end of the period (denominator). Results: 211 people of 197 families performed the molecular analysis for FRDA since 1997; 27 of the 197 index cases (13,7%) were diagnosed as affected by FRDA. Twenty six were homozygous for the GAA expansion (98% of the mutante alleles). The majority presented the typical picture. The extraneurological findings were more common in FRDA patients than in the other ataxics (even though they could also be found on them), while the atypical neurologic findings were virtually absent in FRDA group. There was no intrafamilial variability or diferences between the phenotypes and the presence of DM, cardiomyopathy and disease duration. The diagnostic yield was reduced after 2010, when more ataxic subjects without a suggestive phenotype of FRDA (the phenotype 0) started to be investigated. Minimal estimated prevalence by September 2017 was of 0,20:100.000 inhabitants in RS. Discussion: the frequence of FRDA between AR/E was lower than the figures found in countries from western Europe, but higher than those found in Mexico and Cuba. In accordance, minimal prevalence was also lower than those found amog Europeans. If these findings reflect or no our ethnic admixture, remains to be established. The features of FRDA were similiar to those described in studies performed on the North Hemisphere. The low diagnostic yield was somehow associated to relaxation of criteria to ask the test for FRDA in the last years. Besides that, the low FRDA frequency among us rises some concern about local diagnostic protocols and about what they should include. Finally, we recommend that FRDA investigation should be postponed in the cases with rare findings (like cerebelar atrophy), findings unrelated to FRDA, or without the other elements found in the classical triad or in FARR
86

Des livres à la rue : la transformation culturelle et politique des jeunes militants chiliens à partir des mobilisations étudiantes de 2011 / From books to the street : the cultural and political transformation of the young Chilean militants from the student mobilizations of 2011 / De los libros a la calle : la transformación cultural y política de los jóvenes militantes chilenos a partir de las movilizaciones estudiantiles de 2011

Ponce Lara, Camila 25 February 2017 (has links)
L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les transformations du politique dans la société chilienne, en partant des individus qui composent le mouvement étudiant de 2011, leurs expériences de vie et leurs organisations. Pour cela, quatre grandes dimensions sont analysées : les établissements d'enseignement, la transition de l’université républicaine à l’université des masses ; dès manifestations étudiantes des années quatre-vingt-dix jusqu'à l'explosion de 2011 ; les organisations politiques qui sont générés au sein des universités et leurs formes d'organisation ; et enfin l'individu. Dans cette dernière phase, nous nous concentrons principalement sur les leaders étudiants en observant leurs trajectoires et leurs socialisations politiques. La méthodologie utilisée est essentiellement qualitative, mais elle considère aussi des outils quantitatifs. Les instruments utilisés sont principalement des histoires de vie et des interviews, celles-ci ont été réalisées avec les dirigeants universitaires qui ont participé à des organisations au cours des dernières manifestations de 2006 et 2011, mais les dirigeants des années quatre-vingt-dix et quatre-vingt ont également été interrogés en tant qu’informateurs clés. Les résultats de cette thèse rendent compte d'une part, des mobilisations récentes et de la façon dont émergent des nouveaux types de dirigeants politiques, des formes de participation et d’une organisation plus horizontale et flexible, bien que de nombreuses organisations traditionnelles persistent. Les trajectoires politiques des leaders étudiants ne sont plus les mêmes et nous pouvons observer l'émergence de nouvelles formes de socialisation politique, où les cultures urbaines et les espaces universitaires jouent un rôle prédominant. Enfin, nous pouvons voir que le caractère individuel des récentes mobilisations imprègne le mouvement dans ses diverses dimensions : de la manière dont ils sont organisés à la façon dont la manifestation est générée. / This thesis aims to analyze the transformations the political field in the Chilean society. It is based on the individuals who made up the student movement of 2011, their experiences and their organizations. Considering this purpose, four major dimensions are analyzed: university institutions, starting from a republican university to a mass university; student mobilizations, from the 1990’s to the outbreak of 2011; the political organizations that are generated within the universities and their forms of organization; and finally, the individuals themselves. In this last phase we focus mainly on the student leaders, we intend to understand their trajectories and the way they socialize politically. The methodology used is mainly qualitative, however, we also considered quantitative tools. The instruments used are mainly life stories and in-depth interviews. These were conducted with university leaders who participated in organizations during the recent mobilizations of 2006 and 2011. However, we also interviewed leaders of the 1990’s and 1980’s, and other key informants. The results of this thesis show, on the one hand, new types of political leadership and, more horizontal and flexible forms of participation and organization that emerge from the recent mobilizations. Nevertheless, many traditional organizations remain. The political trajectories of student leaders are no longer the same as before and we could observe the emergence of new forms of political socialization, where urban cultures and university spaces played a predominant role. Finally, it is possible to observe that the individualistic character of the recent mobilizations permeates the different dimensions of the movement: starting from the way in which it is organized to the way in which the protest is generated. / El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar las transformaciones de lo político en la sociedad chilena, a partir de los individuos que conforman el movimiento estudiantil de 2011, de sus experiencias vividas y sus organizaciones. Para lo cual, se analizan cuatro grandes dimensiones: las instituciones universitarias, que transitan desde una universidad republicana hasta una universidad de masas; las movilizaciones estudiantiles a partir de la década de los noventa hasta el estallido del 2011; las organizaciones políticas que se generan en el seno de las universidades y sus formas de organización; y por último el individuo. En esta última fase nos centramos principalmente en los líderes estudiantiles, para conocer sus trayectorias y la manera como se socializan políticamente. La metodología utilizada es principalmente cualitativa, aunque también se consideran herramientas de carácter cuantitativo. Los instrumentos utilizados son principalmente historias de vida y entrevistas en profundidad, y se realizaron a dirigentes universitarios que participaron en organizaciones durante las recientes movilizaciones del 2006 y del 2011, aunque también se entrevistaron líderes de la década de los noventa y los ochenta, y a informantes claves. Los resultados de esta tesis dan cuenta por una parte, que a partir de las recientes movilizaciones y de ciertos elementos emergentes, surgen nuevos tipos de liderazgos políticos y formas de participación y de organización más horizontales y flexibles, aunque muchas organizaciones tradicionales persisten. Las trayectorias políticas de los dirigentes estudiantiles ya no son las mismas de antaño y podemos observar la emergencia de nuevas formas de socialización política, donde las culturas urbanas y los espacios universitarios tienen un rol predominante. Finalmente, es posible observar que el carácter individual de las recientes movilizaciones permea el movimiento en sus distintas dimensiones: desde la manera en cómo se organizan hasta cómo se genera la protesta.
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Intraoperative hand strength as an indicator of consciousness during awake craniotomy: a prospective, observational study / 覚醒下開頭手術中の握力は覚醒度の指標となる:前向き観察研究

Umaba, Chinatsu 25 July 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第24142号 / 人健博第105号 / 新制||人健||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 青山 朋樹, 教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 小林 恭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Les manifestations orales de la maladie de Crohn chez les enfants et les adolescents

Boucher, Caroline 06 1900 (has links)
Les manifestations orales de la maladie de Crohn sont bien établies chez les adultes. Toutefois, aucune étude ne s’est concentrée sur les manifestations orales pathologiques chez la population infantile. En ce qui concerne la santé dentaire, très peu d’études ont évalué la prévalence de carie chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Crohn. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de décrire les manifestations orales des enfants et des adolescents atteints de la maladie de Crohn et tout lien possible avec le stade de la maladie (active ou rémission) ainsi que de déterminer s’il existe un lien entre la prévalence de carie et le score de potentiel cariogène de la diète des patients. Hypothèses • Les manifestations buccodentaires décrites chez les adultes sont présentes chez les enfants et adolescents du groupe de Ste-Justine. • Il existe différentes manifestations propres à la population infantile. • L’indice carieux des enfants atteints de la maladie de Crohn est supérieur à celui des enfants en bonne santé. • L’indice de potentiel cariogène est élevé chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Crohn • Le stade de la maladie influence la prévalence des manifestations. Méthodologie Un certificat d’éthique à la recherche fut obtenu de l’hôpital Ste-Justine. Sur 40 patients recrutés, 21 sujets (9 filles, 12 garçons) âgés de 5,1 à 17,3 ans ont participé à l’étude de type transversale. Un questionnaire médical, un examen buccal complet, l’analyse des journaux alimentaires ainsi qu’une revue des dossiers médicaux a permis d’établir la prévalence des lésions pathologiques, la prévalence de carie (indice CAO) et le score de potentiel cariogène (SPC) selon la méthode du Dre Monique Julien. Résultats Les analyses statistiques démontrent: • Aucune différence significative entre le CAO des patients atteints de la maladie et celui du groupe contrôle. • Aucune manifestation orale autre que celles présentées dans la littérature. • 57% des patients ont rapporté avoir eu des ulcères buccaux au cours de la maladie. • Les patients en phase active ne sont pas différents de ceux en rémission en ce qui concerne les manifestations orales, le CAO et le SPC. • Les enfants qui prennent du méthotrexate ont un CAO plus élevé. • Les patients qui ont plus de caries n’ont pas nécessairement une diète plus cariogène. Conclusion Selon les résultats de notre étude, nous n’avons pas observé de manifestations orales propre à la population infantile. De plus, les enfants atteints de la maladie ne semblent pas être un groupe à risque de carie dentaire. Davantage d’études sont nécessaires sur les manifestations orales de la maladie de Crohn chez la population pédiatrique. / Oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease are well documented in adults. However, no studies have investigated the oral manifestations of this condition in children and adolescents. Regarding oral health, only a few studies have evaluated the prevalence of dental caries in these patients. The objectives of this study are to describe the oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease in children and establish a link between the state of the disease (active and in remission) with the prevalence of dental caries and the cariogenicity of the diet of these children. Hypotheses • The oral manifestations described in adults are present in children and adolescents of the Ste-Justine group. • There are different oral manifestations in children. • Children with Crohn’s disease have more dental caries than children in good health. • The cariogenicity index of the diet is high in patients with Crohn’s disease • The state of the disease has an effect on the prevalence of the oral manifestations. Methodology An ethic’s certification was obtained from Ste-Justine Hospital. Of 40 recruited patients, 21 patients (9 girls, 12 boys) ranging in age from 5.1 to 17.3 years of age participated in our transversal study. A medical history, a complete oral exam, a diet analysis and a review of the medical chart gave us the opportunity to record the presence of oral manifestations, the prevalence of dental caries (DMFT) and the cariogenicity score (SPC). The DMFT of Crohn’s disease patients was compared with the DMFT of Quebec children establish in the Dr. Brodeur epidemiological study conducted in 1996. The patients were also divided into two groups according to the state of the disease (active or remission) to evaluate if it affected the prevalence of oral lesions, the DMFT and the SPC. Results The statistics show : • No significant difference between the DMFT of Crohn’s disease patients and the control group. • No oral manifestations other than those published in the adult literature. • 57% of patients reported to have ulcers at some time during the disease • The patient in the active phase is not different then those in remission ones regarding oral manifestations, DMFT and SPC. • Children taking methotrexate have a higher DMFT • Patients with a higher DMFT do not necesserarily have a higher SPC Conclusion The results of our study do not demonstrate any new oral manifestations in Crohn’s disease in children that have not already been described in adults. In addition, children with Crohn’s disease do not seem to be at high risk for dental caries. Further studies are necessary on the oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease in the pediatric population.
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“Solidarité” aux bords de la Seine : les activités du Comité de Coordination de „Solidarność” [Solidarnosc] à Paris 1981–1989 / „Solidarność” [Solidarnosc] on the Seine : The activity of Coordinating Committee of NSZZ Solidarność en Paris (1981–1989)

Kiexczewska, Magdalena 20 May 2013 (has links)
Pendant l’état de guerre en Pologne, après le 13 Décembre 1981 nombreux militants étaient à l'étranger. Les membres de l'opposition du mouvement Solidarité vivaient également à Paris. Ils étaient: Seweryn Blumsztajn, Slawomir Czarlewski, Danuta Nowakowska, Mirosław Chojecki, Jacek Kaczmarski, Andrzej Wolowski, Zbigniew Kowalewski, Andrzej Seweryn, Piotr Chruszczyński et autres. Le Comité de Coordination a été fondée le 16 Décembre 1981. Dans sa déclaration, les membres ont demandé à l'opinion publique internationale pour protester contre les événements de Pologne et d'aider les syndicalistes en Pologne. Le siège de Paris avait plusieurs cellules: le Bureau, le secrétariat, section de l'information, le soutien et la Pologne section culturelle. Les activités du Comité ont été possible grâce à l'appui fourni par les syndicats français - CFDT, CFTC, FO, CGC et FEN. Il est resté en contact avec de nombreux organismes de bienfaisance et de soutien organisé pour « Solidarnosc » clandestine. / During the martial law after the 13th of December 1981 many activists were abroad. Members of the opposition of Solidarity movement lived also in Paris. They were: Seweryn Blumsztajn, Slawomir Czarlewski, Danuta Nowakowska, Mirosław Chojecki, Jacek Kaczmarski, Andrzej Wołowski, Zbigniew Kowalewski, Andrzej Seweryn, Piotr Chruszczyński and others. The Coordinating Committee was founded on 16th of December 1981. In its statement the members called to the international public opinion to protest against the events in Poland and to help trade unionists in Poland. The Paris headquarters had several cells: the Bureau, the Secretariat, information section, the support Poland and cultural section. The activities of the Committee was possible thanks to the support provided by the French trade unions - CFDT, CFTC, FO, CGC and FEN. He stayed in contact with many charities and organized support for underground "Solidarity".
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Évaluation de la prise en charge diagnostique du malaise du nourrisson étude rétrospective portant sur 96 nourrissons hospitalisés à l'hôpital de Lagny Marne-La-Vallée entre 2000 et 2004 /

Bissonnier, Séverine. Sfez, Annie. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Médecine générale : Paris 12 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. 74 f. : ill. Bibliogr. f. 71-74.

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