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Brain-inspired predictive control of robotic sensorimotor systems / Contrôle prédictif neuro-inspiré de systèmes robotiques sensori-moteursLopez, Léo 05 July 2017 (has links)
Résumé indisponible. / Résumé indisponible.
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The Impact of a Goal Setting Procedure on the Work Performance of Young Adults with Behavioral/Emotional/Learning ChallengesHogsholm, Robin Wagner 06 July 2004 (has links)
The population consisting of young people with Behavioral/Emotional/Learning challenges typically experiences poorer outcomes related to employment, in part due to lower performance levels. Effective strategies, which have a positive impact on work performance for this population, are needed. Goal setting has been used to bring about behavior change, or increase 'motivation', in many fields of study. Goal setting can be conceptualized as an establishing operation (EO), which increases the reinforcing value of goal achievement, and thereby increases the probability of the occurrence of behaviors related to reaching the goal, i.e., task completion. This study empirically examined the impact of a goal setting procedure on work-related behaviors through the use of a singlecase experimental design, to detect the individual results of the goal setting intervention, which included the manipulation of environmental events to explain behavior change, or 'motivation'. It was hypothesized that the goal setting procedure would have a positive impact on work performance for these young people with challenges in a work-type setting. Results showed that the goal setting procedure did have a positive impact on the work performance of both participants, especially when additional prompts were included in the goal setting procedure. Although goal setting may serve as an EO, the goal setting procedure, which included additional elements such as prompts and feedback, seemed to be more effective.
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Design and Testing of a Marsupial/Companion Robot Prototype for a Powered WheelchairKonda, Sashi Kumar 27 October 2004 (has links)
Individuals with disabilities yearn for an increased level of independence, seeking to supplement their missing function(s) and to carry on with their lives with minimal or no assistance from another person. A review of the existing assistive-care products has revealed that many of the defects in these devices, particularly in wheelchair-mounted robots, can be alleviated. Surveys have also identified tasks that users would like to perform by themselves, but are constrained from doing so by using currently available devices. An attempt has been made here to try to resolve these issues by developing a prototype of a marsupial robot that can dock into the powered wheelchair that is used for manipulation purposes. The primary function of this system is to assist the user in his/her daily tasks such as pick-up small objects and place them as per the user's commands, push to open/close doors and remove obstacles from the wheelchair path. It is with the objective of providing an enhanced quality of life to a person with impairment(s) that a proposal for a simple, safe and inexpensive approach to assist him/her in performing an activity is made here.
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Aspectos gerais da criação de Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851) (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) em laboratório /Pinto, Matheus Moreira Dantas January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Sergio Antonio De Bortoli / Resumo: No controle biológico, além dos microrganismos benéficos, devem ser também destacados parasitoides e predadores, sendo um bom exemplo deste último grupo, os crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). O controle biológico aplicado, com a utilização de insetos predadores, como é o caso dos crisopídeos, está na dependência de alguns fatores, destacando-se dentre eles o conhecimento da biologia do inseto e a necessidade do domínio de uma técnica de criação eficiente e econômica em laboratório, que permita sua produção massal para subsequentes liberações em áreas de exploração agrícola. Já é de conhecimento que larvas de alguns crisopídeos são mantidas em laboratório, com boa eficiência, alimentadas com fontes de alimento obtidas de outras criações de insetos também mantidas em laboratório, dentre os quais podem ser destacados ovos de alguns lepidópteros. Ovos de Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1866) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) são benéficos ao desenvolvimento de crisopídeos, produzindo adultos com alta viabilidade, porém há poucos relatos que estabelecem relação entre a espécie com Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851). Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o desempenho biológico de Ce. cincta alimentada com ovos de C. cephalonica, por três gerações, bem como fatores relacionados a técnicas de manipulação das diferentes fases deste predador na sua criação. Os ovos para os bioensaios com Ce. cincta foram coletados nas gaiolas de adultos com o auxílio de três instrumentos de corte,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In biological control, in addition to beneficial microorganisms, parasitoids and predators should also be highlighted. A good example of this latter group is the crisopids (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The biological control applied, with the use of predatory insects, as in the case of the crisopids, is dependent on some factors, especially the knowledge of insect biology and the need to master an efficient and economical breeding technique in the laboratory, allowing its mass production for subsequent releases in farm areas. It is known that larvae of some chrysopids are maintained, with good efficiency, with food sources obtained from other insect creations also kept in the laboratory, among which lepidopteran eggs can be highlighted. Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1866) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has also been shown to favor the development of chrysopids, producing adults with high viability, not being many reports relating this species to Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the biological performance of Ce. cincta being fed with eggs of C. cephalonica, per three generations as well as factors related to phase manipulation techniques of this predator in its rearing. The eggs of Ce. cincta were collected from adult cages with the aid of three cutting instruments, two types of scissors, one long and one conventional, with a thin tip, and an apparatus made from a stylus blade adapted to a shaver. Ten samples were collected for each of the three... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Electrocinétique tridimensionnelle de particules colloïdales en géométrie microfluidique et application à la manipulation de cellules / 3D electrokinetics of colloidal particles in microfluidic channels and application to cell handlingHonegger, Thibault 17 November 2011 (has links)
Les propriétés électrocinétiques de cellules ou de complexes colloïde-cellule visant leur manipulation individuelle dans une puce microfluidique devrait permettre de proposer de nouveaux types d'application dans le domaine des laboratoires-sur-puce et de la recherche biomédicale. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit visent à créer une nouvelle technologie de puce microfluidique permettant la manipulation électrocinétique tridimensionnelle sans contact de particules colloïdales. Cette technologie innovante associée à la réalisation de particules colloïdales multifonctionnelles (Janus) permet d'étudier et de contrôler les interactions d'un complexe colloïde-cellule. Une technologie originale de puce microfluidique tridimensionnelle transparente présentant des niveaux d'électrodes biplanaires est développée sans couche résiduelle classiquement présente dans les technologies de scellement microfluidique. Parallèlement, de nouveaux types de colloïdes anisotropes (Janus) et multifonctionnels (fluorescents, fonctionnalisés avec des protéines…) sont fabriqués en associant la synthèse colloïdale aux techniques de la microélectronique et à la fonctionnalisation de surface. La compréhension et l'exploitation des forces électrocinétiques créées par un champ électrique alternatif et non-uniforme sur la solution colloïdale confinée dans cette puce permettent de proposer une nouvelle méthode de détermination du facteur de Clausius-Mossotti. Ce facteur est un paramètre intrinsèque à la solution colloïdale qui régit la force diélectrophorétique. La détermination expérimentale de ce facteur, combinée à une analyse théorique pour les solutions colloïdales étudiées, définit les paramètres du champ électrique à appliquer (fréquence, tension) pour localiser, séparer ou manipuler en trois dimensions des particules micrométriques de tout type (particules nu, fonctionnalisées, disymétriques…). Le mélange de ces particules dans des milieux de culture cellulaire contenant des cellules de lignées humaines crée des complexes colloïde-cellule. En fonction du type cellulaire, ces complexes se caractérisent par une cellule ayant internalisé des colloïdes ou une cellule décoré par des colloïdes attachés sur sa membrane. Soumis à des forces électrocinétiques déterminées, ces complexes démontrent des réponses duales des particules et des cellules contrôlables indépendamment. En combinant l'ingénierie des particules colloïdales et la technologie microfluidique de manipulation électrocinétique sans contact, des forces locales peuvent être exercées sur les cellules par l'intermédiaire des particules. / The electrokinetics properties of cells or a particles-cell complex for their individual handling in a microfluidic chip open the way to new applications for lab-on-chip or biomedical research fields. The work presented in this thesis aims to create a new technology of microfluidic chips able to perform 3D electrokinetic contactless handling of colloidal particles. Combined with the microfabrication of multifunctional (Janus) colloidal particles this technological breakthrough allows the study and the control of colloidal particles and cells. An innovative technology of a 3D transparent microfluidic chip that integrates two levels of bi-planar electrodes is developed without any residual layer commonly stacked in microfluidic sealing technology. At the same time, a new type of anisotropic particles (Janus) and multifunctional (fluorescence, functionalized with proteins) are microfabricated by combining colloidal synthesis, microelectronics process and surface functionalization techniques. The understanding and the use of electrokinetic forces that are created by a non-uniform electric field in a colloidal solution confined in this chip enable the access to a new method of determination of the Claussius-Mossotti factor. It is an intrinsic parameter of a colloidal solution that rules the dielectrophoretic force. Its experimental determination, combined with a theoretical analysis of the colloidal solution, defines the parameters of the electric field to apply (frequency, applied voltage) in order to localize, separate or handle in 3D all types of micrometer sized particles (plain, functionalized, dissymmetric). The mixing of particles in cell culture mediums that contain human lines cells creates a particle-cell complex. According to the cellular type, those complexes are characterized by a cell that has internalized particles or is decorated by particles attached on its membrane. Submitted to determined electrokinetic forces, those complexes show dual responses that are controllable on both particles or cell independently. By associating the engineering of colloidal particles and this electrokinetic contactless handling microfluidic technology, local forces can be exerted on cells via those particles.
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Attentional and interpretive bias manipulation : transfer of training effects between sub-types of cognitive biasJeffrey, Sian January 2008 (has links)
[Truncated abstract] It is well established that anxiety vulnerability is characterised by two biased patterns of selective information processing (Mathews & MacLeod, 1986; Mogg & Bradley, 1998). First anxiety is associated with an attentional bias, reflecting the selective allocation of attention to threatening stimuli in the environment (Mathews & MacLeod, 1985; MacLeod, Mathews & Tata, 1986; MacLeod & Cohen, 1993). Second anxiety is associated with an interpretive bias, reflecting a disproportionate tendency to resolve ambiguity in a threatening manner (Mogg et al., 1994). These characteristics are shown by normal individual high in trait anxiety (Mathews, Richards & Eysenck, 1989; Mogg, Bradley & Hallowell, 1994; Mathews & MacLeod, 1994), and by examining clinically anxious patients who repeatedly report elevated trait anxiety levels (MacLeod, Mathews & Tata, 1986; Mogg & Bradley, 1998). '...' Two alternative hypotheses regarding this relationship are proposed. One hypothesis is that attentional and interpretive biases are concurrent expressions of a single underlying biased selectivity mechanism that characterises anxiety vulnerability (the Common Mechanism account). In contrast, a quite different hypothesis is that attentional and interpretive biases are independent cognitive anomalies that represent separate pathways to anxiety vulnerability (the Independent Mechanisms account). The present research program was designed to empirically test the predictions that differentiate the Common Mechanism and Independent Mechanisms accounts. The general methodological approach that was adopted was to employ bias manipulation tasks from the literature that have been developed and validated to directly modify one class of processing bias (i.e. attentional bias or interpretive bias). The effect of these direct bias manipulation tasks on a measure of the same class of processing bias or the other class of processing bias was then examined. The Common Mechanism and Independent Mechanisms accounts of the relationship between attentional and interpretive bias generate differing predictions concerning the impact of directly manipulating one class of processing bias upon a measure of the other class of processing bias. The central difference between the alternate accounts is their predictions regarding cross-bias transfer, that is the transfer of training effects from direct manipulation of one class of processing bias to a measure of the other class of processing bias. Whereas the Common Mechanism account predicts that such cross-bias transfer will occur, the Independent Mechanisms account does not predict such transfer. A series of seven studies is reported in this thesis. There was some difficulty achieving successful bias modification using bias manipulation approaches established in the literature; however when such manipulation was achieved no cross-bias transfer was observed. Therefore the obtained pattern of results was consistent with the Independent Mechanisms (IM) account, and inconsistent with the Common Mechanism (CM) account. A more detailed version of the IM account is developed to more fully accommodate the specific results obtained in this thesis.
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期貨交易中不正行為規範之研究--以市場操縱為中心 / The Unfair Trading in Future Markets--Manipulation劉俊良, Liu Chin-Lian Unknown Date (has links)
期貨交易為現今我國金融市場之新興交易。由於期貨交易具有使商品持有
人避險及價格發現、風險移轉等功能,因此在世界各國均漸有蓬勃發展之
勢。但是一但期貨市場可由人為方式加以影響,則必然使期貨交易的功能
儘失,而淪為與賭博行為無異。由於美國在期貨交易方面的歷史最為悠久
,規範也最具領導地位,所以本文即以美國法上對於市場操縱之規範做為
探討的主要依據。本文的重點主要是以市場操縱行為之囤積(Corner)及
擠壓(Squee- ze)行為做為探討重點,另外再加探討其他市場操縱之類
型,諸如以其他實際交易操縱市場之模式、散佈虛偽不實消息之模式、及
虛偽交易模式等;希期能做為我國新興發展中的期貨交易規範之參考。
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Manipulation robotisée et interactionSidobre, Daniel 13 November 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Les humains construisent des machines de plus en plus évolués pour se faciliter la vie. La prochaine étape de cette évolution sera la construction de robots capables de choisir, définir et enfin accomplir une tâche de manière autonome au milieu des humains. Pour atteindre ce but, des outils de planification et de contrôle pour des tâches de manipulation sont présentés. La notion de mouvements souples constitués de suites de fonctions cubiques permet, d'une part, de planifier des trajectoires en prenant en compte le temps et les contraintes de confort et de sécurité des utilisateurs, et d'autre part, de faire le lien entre planification et commande. La planification de prises et l'étude de leurs stabilités constitue un élément clé de la planification de tâches de manipulation. L'étude de la dynamique et des frottements sont indispensables à la compréhension de la manipulation. L'interaction entre humains et robots est abordée à partir de l'étude de l'échange d'un objet équipé de capteurs pour mesurer les forces d'interaction.
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Towards human-aware robot motionsSisbot, Akin 17 November 2008 (has links) (PDF)
L'introduction des robots dans la vie quotidienne apporte un problème important qui "s'ajoute" au "défi standard" des robots autonomes : la présence d'hommes dans son environnement et le besoin d'interagir avec eux. Ce travail s'intéresse aux problèmes de l'interaction proche entre humains et robots, en se plaçant du point de vue des décisions de mouvement qui doivent être prises par le robot pour assurer un mouvement sûr, effectif, compréhensible et confortable pour l'homme. On présente un cadre général de planification de mouvement qui prend explicitement en compte la présence de l'homme. Ce cadre est matérialisé par deux planificateurs. Le premier, "Human-Aware Navigation Planner", est un planificateur de navigation qui raisonne sur la sécurité, la visibilité, la posture et les préférences de l'homme pour générer des mouvements sûrs et confortables pour l'homme. Le deuxième, "Human-Aware Manipulation Planner", est un planificateur qui traite les problèmes de transfert d'objet entre l'homme et le robot. Ce planificateur transforme le problème initial de planification de mouvement en un problème beaucoup plus riche de recherche d'un chemin "pour réaliser une tache" fournissant ainsi la possibilité de raisonner à un niveau d'abstraction supérieur. Les deux planificateurs sont intégrés dans deux plates-formes robotiques, Jido et Rackham, et validés à travers des études utilisateurs dans le cadre du projet européen COGNIRON.
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Conception, réalisation et expérimentation d'un logiciel d'aide à l'enseignement de la géométrie : Cabri-géomètreBellemain, Franck 30 October 1992 (has links) (PDF)
Partant du constat d'un relatif échec de l'utilisation de l'informatique dans l'enseignement, nous avons cherché les moyens de poser et résoudre les problèmes de l'insertion de l'ordinateur dans l'enseignement mathématique dans le cas de la géométrie. L'importance de l'utilisation du dessin pour la mise en évidence de propriétés et la résolution de problèmes constitue l'une des spécificités de la géométrie. L'acquisition de connaissances géométriques s'appuie donc sur la signification que l'élève construit du dessin. En vue de décrire les étapes de cette construction, nous proposons les notions de forme et de configuration. C'est par la réalisation d'un micromonde à manipulation directe que nous avons choisi de faire intervenir l'ordinateur dans l'enseignement de la géométrie. Le cahier des charges ainsi élaboré a permis de déboucher sur la réalisation du logiciel Cabri-géomètre dont nous décrivons les principales caractéristiques. Une expérimentation nous a permis d'éprouver les choix initiaux et des modalités d'utilisation du logiciel. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l'intérêt d'une approche des dessins par la manipulation directe des objets géométriques qui les composent. Par l'engagement de l'élève qu'elle permet, la manipulation directe permet de passer d'une évaluation de l'enseignant à une validation par l'élève de ses propres productions. Deux modifications du fonctionnement du système didactique entraînées par l'utilisation du logiciel sont analysées : - la négociation par l'enseignant d'un nouveau contrat didactique, - la mises en place des situations favorisant le transfert des connaissances acquises en environnement informatique vers d'autres environnements.
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