A necessidade de tutela eficiente do Mercado de Capitais é, atualmente, indiscutível. O advento de novas tecnologias e o tráfego internacional de capital cada vez maior; tornam o Mercado de Capitais, contemporaneamente, sujeito a amplos riscos e danos. Nesse contexto, o legislador tem respondido com a incriminação de condutas ofensivas ao mercado, contudo a formulação de tipos penais nem sempre se mostra adequada. Dessa forma, questiona-se qual o bem juridicamente tutelado pelos crimes contra o Mercado de Capitais, referente material necessário à intervenção penal do Estado; bem como quais os critérios adequados para verificação da legitimidade de tal intervenção. A dissertação está dividida em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo tem lugar a análise dos dilemas do direito penal clássico frente aos novos riscos decorrentes da sociedade pós-moderna, com especial destaque à expansão dos Mercados de Capitais em uma sociedade globalizada; bem como os efeitos da chamada Globalização no direito penal e o incremento do direito penal econômico. O segundo capítulo destina-se a uma verificação das bases jurídicas e legais da regulação do Mercado de Capitais fundamentais para uma melhor compreensão de sua tutela penal , nomeadamente quanto ao seu controle no âmbito administrativo. Cumpre, ainda, no segundo capítulo, uma delimitação dos critérios científicos, externos ao bem jurídico, capazes de possibilitar um juízo de legitimidade da tutela penal do Mercado de Capitais. O terceiro capítulo trata do processo de criminalização da tutela dos Mercados de Capitais, passando por uma análise crítica acerca da utilização simbólica do direito penal e de sua internacionalização desprovida de critérios dogmáticos; e se encerra com um panorama acerca do tratamento penal dado aos Mercados de Capitais nos Estados Unidos da América e Europa Continental. Por fim, o capítulo quarto versa acerca da tutela penal do Mercado de Capitais no Brasil. Nesse contexto, partindo-se da Teoria pessoal do bem jurídico desenvolvida por Hassemer, foram identificados os interesses patrimoniais do público investidor como referente material limitador da intervenção penal do Estado. Uma vez identificado o bem jurídico tutelado, é realizada uma análise dos tipos penais relativos às operações do Mercado de Capitais, notadamente, a manipulação de mercado e o uso indevido de informação privilegiada; bem como acerca da utilização de tipos penais excessivamente abertos e crimes de perigo abstrato. Nesse capítulo também é apresentada uma proposta de adequação típica aos crimes de manipulação de mercado e uso indevido de informação privilegiada. Ao final, são expostas as conclusões do trabalho. / The need for efficient protection in the current Capital Market cannot be disregarded. The advent of new technologies and increasing international capital movements have rendered the contemporary Capital Market subject to extensive risks and damages. In this context, legislators have responded by criminalizing offensive conducts to the market, albeit through the establishment of criminal types that are not always adequate. Therefore, this thesis questions which legal good is legally protected by crimes against the Capital Market, in relation to the necessary State criminal intervention, and which are the adequate criteria for the verification of the legitimacy of such intervention. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter refers to the assessment of the dilemmas in classic criminal law in relation to the new risks arising out of post-modern society, especially regarding the expansion of the Capital Markets in a globalized society, in addition to the effects of the phenomenon referred to as Globalization in criminal law, and in economic criminal law. The second chapter focuses on the verification of the legal and judicial grounds for Capital Market regulation essential for the better understanding of its criminal protection specifically in relation to its control within the administrative scope. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the scientific criteria, external to the legal good, capable of providing for a legitimacy judgment of criminal protection of Capital Markets. The third chapter refers to the criminalization process of protection in Capital Markets, including a critical assessment of the symbolic use of criminal law and its internationalization without any dogmatic criteria. The chapter ends with the panorama on the criminal treatment given to Capital Markets in the United States of America and Continental Europe. Finally, the fourth chapter assesses criminal protection of the Capital Market in Brazil. In this context, beginning with the theory of the legal good developed by Hassemer, the asset interests of the investing public were identified as limiting material reference for the States criminal intervention. Once the protected legal good has been identified, an assessment on the criminal types in relation to the Capital Market is carried out, especially in reference to market manipulation and insider trading, as well as in regard to the use of excessively open criminal types and abstract danger crimes. This chapter also shows a proposal for the adequate typifying of market manipulation crimes and insider trading. Conclusions on the subject are drawn at the end.

KŘIŠTOVÁ, A.; Identity in photography and art education. [Master's Thesis] Prague 2018 - Charles University, Faculty of Education, Art Education Department, 110 pages. ABSTRACT This Master's Thesis explores the perception and position of identity in society in the context of history and present, based on the approaches of foreign authors dealing with the subject. The theme of identity is situated in the context of visual culture, the history of human portrayal within the visual arts and the portrait photography genre. The concept of the theoretical part is supported by selected authorities from the history of art culture as well as from the field of contemporary art. The theoretical part is the basis for the design of didactic assignments and their following implementation at elementary and secondary schools. Second basic point for the preparation of didactic assignments is obtained from experiences gained with authorial project realization. KEY WORDS: identity, society, visual culture, portrait, photography, digital image, manipulation, intervention

The present investigation was designed to examine the effects of the positive manipulation of information on self-efficacy and subsequent performance of 180 female subjects. High, moderate, and low self-efficacy subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment condition in a 3 x 4 x 3 (preexisting self-efficacy x efficacy information source x trials) factorial design. Information from the three efficacy sources of performance accomplishments, verbal persuasion, and vicarious experience was manipulated towards success after subjects completed a muscular leg endurance task. The results supported self-efficacy theory with high self-efficacy subjects extending their legs significantly longer than moderate and low self-efficacy subjects. However, subjects did not differentially [sic] respond to the manipulation of the efficacy information. Results are discussed in terms of efficacy as a mediator of performance on an endurance task as well as the lack of differential changes in efficacy based on the source from which that information is derived.

"This thesis presents an extension of sensitive manipulation which transforms tactile sensors away from end effectors and closer to whole body sensory feedback. Sensitive manipulation is a robotics concept which more closely replicates nature by employing tactile sensing to interact with the world. While traditional robotic arms are specifically designed to avoid contact, biological systems actually embrace and intentionally contact the environment. This arm is inspired by these biological systems and therefore has compliant joints and a tactile shell surrounding the two primary links of the arm. The manipulator has also been designed to be capable of both industrial and humanoid style manipulation. There are an untold number of applications for an arm with increased tactile feedback primarily in dynamic environments such as in industrial, humanoid, and prosthetic applications. The arm developed for this thesis is intended to be a desktop research platform, however, one of the most influential applications for increased tactile feedback is in prosthetics which are operate in ever changing and contact ridden environments while continuously interacting with humans. This thesis details the simulation, design, analysis, and evaluation of a the first four degrees of freedom of a robotic arm with particular attention given to the design of modular series elastic actuators in each joint as well as the incorporation of a shell of tactile sensors. "

"When humans interact, there are many avenues of physical communication available ranging from vocal to physical gestures. In our past observations, when humans collaborate on manipulation tasks in shared workspaces there is often minimal to no verbal or physical communication, yet the collaboration is still fluid with minimal interferences between partners. However, when humans perform similar tasks in the presence of a robot collaborator, manipulation can be clumsy, disconnected, or simply not human-like. The focus of this work is to leverage our observations of human-human interaction in a robot's motion planner in order to facilitate more safe, efficient, and human-like collaborative manipulation in shared workspaces. We first present an approach to formulating the cost function for a motion planner intended for human-robot collaboration such that robot motions are both safe and efficient. To achieve this, we propose two factors to consider in the cost function for the robot's motion planner: (1) Avoidance of the workspace previously-occupied by the human, so robot motion is safe as possible, and (2) Consistency of the robot's motion, so that the motion is predictable as possible for the human and they can perform their task without focusing undue attention on the robot. Our experiments in simulation and a human-robot workspace sharing study compare a cost function that uses only the first factor and a combined cost that uses both factors vs. a baseline method that is perfectly consistent but does not account for the human's previous motion. We find using either cost function we outperform the baseline method in terms of task success rate without degrading the task completion time. The best task success rate is achieved with the cost function that includes both the avoidance and consistency terms. Next, we present an approach to human-attention aware robot motion generation which attempts to convey intent of the robot's task to its collaborator. We capture human attention through the combined use of a wearable eye-tracker and motion capture system. Since human attention isn't static, we present a method of generating a motion policy that can be queried online. Finally, we show preliminary tests of this method."

Três experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial de tomilho nos parâmetros ruminais, metabolismo e desempenho. O experimento I teve por objetivo avaliar se o óleo essencial de tomilho exerce efeito sofre a fermentação ruminal e consequentemente no metabolismo de ovinos confinados, bem como avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em dietas com 90% concentrado e 10% de volumoso. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, machos castrados e canulados no rúmen. O experimento teve duração de 23 dias, dos quais 18 foram para adaptação as dietas. A ração base foi composta por feno de \"coastcross\", milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico, cloreto de amônia e mistura mineral. As dietas experimentais foram: 1) ração base + 25 mg de monensina por kg/MS, 2) ração base + 1,25 mL, 3) ração base + 2,50 mL e 4) 3,75 mL de óleo essencial de tomilho por kg/MS. O consumo de MS, MO, FDN e PB foram similares entre os tratamentos. Apresentando o mesmo comportamento para as variáveis de digestibilidade da MS, MO, FDN e PB. As concentrações de AGCC para as dietas com óleo essencial foram semelhantes à dieta com monensina. A inclusão de óleo essencial de tomilho nas dietas indica que este é uma potencial alternativa à monensina. O objetivo do experimento II foi avaliar se o óleo essencial de tomilho exerce efeito sofre a fermentação ruminal e consequentemente no metabolismo de ovinos confinados, bem como avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em dietas com 80% volumoso e 20% concentrado. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, machos castrados e canulados no rúmen. O experimento teve duração de 28 dias, dos quais 23 foram para adaptação as dietas experimentais. A dieta base foi composta por pré secado de \"tifton\", milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e mistura mineral. As dietas experimentais foram: 1) ração base + 25 mg de monensina por kg/MS, 2) ração base+ 1,25 mL, 3) ração base + 2,50 mL e 4) 3,75 mL de óleo essencial de tomilho por kg/MS. As dietas experimentais com óleos essencial apresentaram valores de consumo e digestibilidade da MS, MO, FDN e PB similares à dieta com monensina. A menor inclusão do óleo essencial apresentou valor de propionato e relação acetato:propionato similares à monensina. Houve interação dieta x dia de colheita para isobutirato, butirato, isovalerato e total de AGCC. A dieta com 1,25 mL de óleo apresentou o maior valor de pH. O óleo essencial de tomilho pode ser uma alternativa em substituição ao uso da Monensina. O objetivo do experimento III foi avaliar o óleo essencial de tomilho (Thymus vulgaris) sobre o ganho de peso e eficiência alimentar de borregas confinadas com dietas com alta inclusão de volumoso. Cinquenta borregas ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, foram alojadas individualmente em baias cobertas. O período experimental foi de 84 dias, divididos em três sub-períodos de 28 dias. A dieta base foi composta por pré-secado de \"tifton\", milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico, mistura mineral. As dietas experimentais foram: 1) ração base (sem adição de óleo essencial ou monensina); 2) ração base + 25 mg de monensina por kg/MS; 3) ração base + 1,25 mL; 4) ração base + 2,5 mL; 5) ração base + 3,75 mL de óleo essencial por kg/MS. Não houve diferença de GMD entre os tratamentos no período total. O segundo período apresentou o melhor desempenho dos animais. A infestação por coccidiose foi menor na dieta com Monensina. Os teores dos aditivos utilizados não apresentam melhora no desempenho de borregas alimentadas com alto teor de volumoso. No entanto, monensina foi capaz de controlar a coccidiose. / Three experiments were conducted with the objective of evaluate the effect of thyme essential oil on ruminal fermentation, metabolism and performance. The experiment I was conducted to evaluate the thyme essential oil has an effect on ruminal fermentation and consequently the metabolism of feedlot sheep, as well as evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients diets with 90% concentrate and 10% forage. They were used 20 sheep ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, castrated males and fistulated in the rumen. The experiment lasted 23 days, of which 18 were for adaptation diets. The basal ration consisted of hay coast cross, ground corn, soybean meal, limestone, of ammonia chloride and mineral mixture. The experimental diets were: 1) basal ration + 25 mg of monensin per kg/DM, 2) basal ration + 1.25 mL, 3) basal ration + 2.50 mL and 4) basal ration + 3.75 mL of essential oil of thyme per kg/DM. The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and CP were similar between treatments. The SCFA concentrations for diets with essential oil were similar to the diet with monensina. The inclusion of thyme essential oil in diets that this is a potential alternative to monensina. The experiment II was conducted to evaluate the thyme essential oil has an effect on ruminal fermentation and consequently the metabolism of feedlot sheep, as well as evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients diets with 80 % forage and 20% concentrate. They were used 20 sheep ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, castrated males and fistulated in the rumen. The experiment lasted 28 days, of which 23 were for adaptation diets. The basal ration consisted of pre-dryng Tifton, ground corn, soybean meal, limestone and mineral mixture. The experimental diets were: 1) basal ration + 25 mg of monensin per kg/DM, 2) basal ration + 1.25 mL, 3) basal ration + 2.50 mL and 4) basal ration + 3.75 mL of essential oil of thyme per kg/DM. The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and CP were similar between treatments. The lower inclusion of essential oil showed a value propionate and acetate: propionate ratio similar monensin. There were diet x day interaction for isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate and the total SCFA. The diet with 1.25 mL of thyme showed the highest pH value. The thyme essential oil can be an alternative to replace the use of monensina. The experiment III was conducted to evaluate the thyme essential oil on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot lambs diets with 80% forage and 20% concentrate. Fifty lambs ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês were housed individually in covered bays. The experiment lasted 84 days, divided into three sub-periods of 28 days. The basal ration consisted of pre-dryng Tifton, ground corn, soybean meal, limestone and mineral mixture. The experimental diets were: 1) basal ration + 25 mg of monensin per kg/DM, 2) basal ration + 1.25 mL, 3) basal ration + 2.50 mL and 4) basal ration + 3.75 mL of essential oil of thyme per kg/DM. There was no gain difference in average daily gain between treatments in the total period. The second period had the best performance of the animals. Infestation by coccidiosis was lower in the diet with monensina. The levels of the additives used not showed improvement in performance lambs fed with high content of forage. However, monensin was able to control coccidiosis.

Earnings management är ett fenomen som enligt studier har ökat i omfattning under senare tid tack vare förändringar av redovisningsprinciper. Detta har gett företag möjligheten att med ökad subjektivitet bedöma värdet på sina tillgångar, vilket kan utnyttjas för att manipulera redovisning och justera resultat i önskad riktning. Den här studien syftar primärt till att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan variablerna earnings management och pressade resultat bland de noterade bolagen på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, även kallad “Stockholmsbörsen”. Det sekundära syftet är att undersöka om detta eventuella samband är vanligare förekommande bland mindre företag samt om någon bransch är överrepresenterad. En kvantitativ metod har använts där data från bolagens årsredovisningar har hämtats och sedan granskats. Efter det har en analytisk generalisering gjorts av resultaten som visar på att företag i större utsträckning tenderar att bedriva earnings management under perioder där de upplever pressade resultat, i motsats till perioder där de upplever normala resultat. Studien visar också att detta inte är vanligare förekommande på någon speciell börslista eller inom någon specifik bransch, utan att företagen är representerade i likvärdig utsträckning. I studien visade det sig att ett vanligt verktyg för att bedriva earnings management är att göra stora engångsnedskrivningar av goodwill. Detta möjliggjordes år 2005 då IFRS 13 infördes i EU, vilket resulterade i att goodwillposten årligen nedskrivningsprövas istället för att som tidigare avskrivas planmässigt. En kritisk diskussion förs med slutsatsen att resultaten är delvis applicerbara på den studerade populationen och säger något om närliggande fall. Slutligen diskuteras studiens bidrag där konklusionen är att resultaten adderar till samt stärker tidigare forskning. / Earnings management is a phenomenon whose scope of usage has expanded in recent time due to changes in accounting principles, according to studies. These changes have given companies the possibility to use subjective judgment to a higher degree when valuing their assets. This can be utilized to manipulate accounts and tweak results in desired direction. The purpose of this study is primarily to investigate if there is a connection between the variables earnings management and pressured results among the listed companies on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, also knowned as “Stockholmsbörsen”. The secondary purpose is to investigate if this possible connection is more common among smaller companies and if there is any industry that is overrepresented. A quantitative method has been used where data has been collected from the companies’ websites and later reviewed. An analytic generalization has then been applied on the results that show that companies tend to engage in earnings management in greater magnitude when they are experiencing times with pressured results, in contrary to when they experience times with normal results. The study also shows that it’s not more commonly practiced on any particular stock market list or in some particular industry. The companies are rather equivalently represented along the scope of industries and stock market lists. The study shows that a common tool to engage in earnings management is to make big one time impairments of goodwill. This was made possible 2005 when IFRS 13 was implemented in the EU, which resulted in that the goodwill account where to be impairment tested every year instead of the former principle that used linear depreciation. A critical discussion is held with the conclusion that the results of the study are partly applicable on the studied population and says something about nearby cases. Finally there is a discussion about the contribution of the study with the conclusion that the findings adds something to and strengthens past findings.

Busca-se demonstrar que a criatividade é um aspecto inerente e inafastável da atividade jurisdicional. Neste sentido, o primeiro objetivo perseguido é o de analisar os conceitos relacionados à criatividade judicial, que são os de interpretação, construção e manipulação. São, também, analisadas e refutadas teorias atuais que negam a criação judicial do direito. Argumenta-se que a admissão, pelo poder judiciário, do caráter criativo de suas decisões é exigência do dever de sinceridade judicial. O segundo objetivo é o de investigar a tese de Hans Kelsen, que descreve Cortes que realizem o controle de constitucionalidade como legislador negativo. São apreciadas as incongruências dessa tese com o constitucionalismo contemporâneo, bem como o caráter falho de sua aplicação na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O terceiro objetivo é o de investigar os aspectos descritivos e normativos das sentenças manipulativas. São formuladas propostas de fundamentação normativa e de limites de aplicação dessa técnica. Defende-se a admissibilidade das sentenças aditivas, redutivas e aditivas de princípio, mas se rejeita a das sentenças substitutivas, sendo defendido o emprego, em seu lugar, das medidas de necessidade.

Mon travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le développement de l'optique atomique. Ce manuscrit décrit les trois sujets traités pendant ma thèse. Dans un premier temps mon travail a été de construire une nouvelle expérience permettant de produire des condensats de Bose-Einstein. Nous nous intéressons d'abord au dispositif utilisant le refroidissement laser et l'évaporation micro-onde permettant d'obtenir un nuage d'atomes froids dans un piège magnétique quadrupolaire. Nous présentons ensuite les montages optiques permettant d'obtenir les différents faisceaux laser nécessaires au fonctionnement du dispositif. Enfin, nous détaillons le protocole permettant de produire des condensats de Bose-Einstein dans notre piège hybride combinant les avantages d'un piège magnétique à ceux d'un piège dipolaire et nous le caractérisons à l'aide d'une méthode d'analyse statistique nommée Analyse par Composante Principale. Le deuxième sujet concerne l'étude de la propagation d'une onde de matière dans un réseau de taille finie. Nous démontrons le piégeage d'atomes dans une cavité de Bragg produite par l'enveloppe gaussienne d'un réseau optique. Les atomes confinés dans le réseau oscillent et nous observons le découplage du réseau de paquets d'atomes par effet tunnel, démontrant ainsi un nouveau type de barrières tunnel. L'étude de la probabilité de transmission à travers ce type de barrières montre qu'elles sont équivalentes à des barrières répulsives submicronique. Enfin, de manière théorique, nous étudions un formalisme basé sur la fonction de Wigner et l'utilisation d'une loi d'échelle permettant d'imaginer des protocoles de manipulation de fonctions d'onde à N corps dans l'espace des phases. Nous appliquons d'abord ce formalisme à un protocole de refroidissement en deux étapes, impliquant un temps de vol et l'application soudaine d'un potentiel harmonique. Nous discutons ensuite l'effet des interactions répulsives entre atomes et de l'anharmonicité du potentiel. Enfin nous proposons deux protocoles de manipulations de fonctions d'onde dans l'espace des phases. Le premier est un protocole de refroidissement analogue au protocole en deux étapes mais dont la robustesse est augmentée vis-à-vis d'un défaut du potentiel appliqué. Le deuxième protocole proposé permet d'accélérer le mode de respiration d'un nuage d'atomes dans un piège décomprimé. / My thesis work is part of the development of atomic optics.First my work has been to build a new experience to produce Bose-Einstein condensates. We will see how we produce a cold atoms cloud in a magnetic quadrupole trap using laser cooling and micro-wave evaporation. We then present the optical setup to produce the laser beams needed for the apparatus operation. At last, we detail the protocol allowing to produce Bose-Einstein condensates in our hybrid trap, combining the advantages of a magnetic trap and a dipole trap. We then characterize the hybrid trap using a statistical analysis method named Principal Component Analysis. The second subject concerns the study of the propagation of a matter-wave in a finite size lattice. We demonstrate the trapping of atoms inside a Bragg cavity produced by the gaussian enveloppe of an optical lattice. The confined atoms oscillate inside the lattice and we observe the tunnel decoupling of atoms from the cavity, demonstrating a new kind of tunnel barrier. The study of the transmission probability through these barriers shows that they are equivalent to submicronic repulsive barriers. Finally, I studied a theoretical formalism based on the Wigner function and the use of a scaling law, allowing to imagine protocols to manipulate many-body wave functions in phase space. We apply this formalism to a two steps cooling protocol involving a time of flight and the sudden application of an harmonic potential. We discuss the effects of repulsive interactions between atoms and of the anharmonicities in the potential. At last, we propose two protocols to manipulate the phase space distribution of wave functions. The first aim to enhance the robustness of the to step cooling protocol regarding a flaw of the harmonic potential. The second allows to accelerate the breathing mode of an atomic cloud in a decompressed trap.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze agenda manipulation in international negotiations. The analysis is focused on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its conferences in the past three year. A theoretical framework of agenda manipulation is established and the conferences are analyzed through a series of comparative case studies. The theoretical framework offer insight into 1) power politics and state interest, 2) negotiation as a method to manage external relations, 3) the existing framework in which the actors try to advance their agenda and 4) the various internal and external influences on state behavior.