Le monde du cirque contemporain, qui a émergé en France à la fin des années 70, et qui a toujours entretenu une certaine marginalité, révèle les rapports ambivalents qu'entretient notre société à l'égard du handicap. Nous avons adopté une approche relationniste du handicap pour réaliser une étude exploratoire quantitative, puis une étude qualitative de onze associations circassiennes. Nous avons mis à jour quatre types de rapports à la différence : certaines associations organisent un Regroupement et Mise à distance des différences, qui sépare les personnes qui ont des limitations de capacités intellectuelles des autres pratiquants, par la création d'un véritable secteur de cirque spécialisé; une majorité d'associations accepte également la participation de personnes qui ont peu d'incapacités dans des pratiques de cirque normalisées, par un processus d'assimilation, traduisant une hiérarchisation des comportements; dans certaines associations professionnelles, quelques artistes aux corps hors-normes sont mis en avant, par leurs différences corporelles créatives; seule une des associations étudiées propose une forme originale de participation, acceptant des personnes ayant tous types de capacités et incapacités pour des pratiques inclusives, révélant une mixité créative. Le cirque contemporain a ainsi mis en place un secteur spécialisé, qui reproduit le détour ségrégatif organisé par les secteurs médico-sociaux et psychiatriques. Il propose un simulacre d'intégration hors du monde du handicap, tout en instituant une mise à distance de la différence. Cette participation au processus de ségrégation est masquée par la mise en avant d'artistes ayant des incapacités motrices et l'utilisation créative de leurs différences corporelles, à condition qu'ils démontrent un contrôle exceptionnel du corps. Une unique association combine l'organisation de pratiques inclusives et le rejet affirmé de sa propre institutionnalisation. Pour les autres, ni le statut associatif, ni la posture de marginalité, ne produisent des formes originales de participation pour les personnes ayant des limitations de capacités. On assiste à une polarisation du rapport à la norme, la marginalité « négative » des personnes « handicapées » – au sens d'un manque de contrôle des comportements – est encadrée par une prise en charge globale alors que la marginalité« positive » des différences corporelles est encadrée comme une œuvre, par une mise en piste spectaculaire, symbole de la marginalité renouvelée du cirque contemporain. / The contemporary circus emerged in France during the late 70s and so far it has taken up a marginal position. Itsframework reveals the ambivalent relationship between society and disability.A research approach in which disability is the result of interaction between individuals and their environments wasadopted. We conducted a wide angle quantitative study about circus associations throughout France, followed by aqualitative study centered on eleven circus associations. We established four relationship patterns with respect todissimilarities: some associations organize a Clustering and segregation, that separates people with intellectual disabilitiesfrom other participants, with the creation of a specialized circus programs; a majority of associations also accepts theparticipation of people who carries low impact disabilities in normalized circus practices, by a process of assimilation,reflecting a Behavioral prioritization ; in associations that regroup professional performers, few artists with unconventionalbody types are emphasized by their Creative corporal dissimilarity ; only one among all organizations studied offers anoriginal pattern of participation, where people with all types of abilities and disabilities are united in inclusive practices, bythe virtue of a creative mosaic.Contemporary circus has established specialized programs that reproduce the segregation utilized in the medicosocialand psychiatric sectors. It proposes a simulated integration aimed to the world outside of the disability, whileestablishing a distancing of the difference. Recurrent highlighting of artists with physical disabilities that creatively usestheir corporal differences and demonstrates exceptional body control masks this participation in the process of segregation.A single organization combines inclusive practices and affirmatively rejects its own institutionalization. For others,neither association status nor the posture of marginality produces original forms of participation for people withdisabilities.Norm is polarized: “Negative” marginality of the “disabled” – those that have a lack of behavioral control – isframed by a global care, while the “positive” marginality of corporal differences is framed as a fine art piece by spectacularstaging, the symbol of the renewed marginality of the contemporary circus.

Orientador: Milton Lahuerta / Banca: Élide Rugai Bastos / Banca: Carlos Gileno / Resumo: O presente trabalho realiza analise sócio-literária da literatura marginal. Produção textual oriunda de setores tradicionalmente excluídos do sistema literário brasileiro, a literatura marginal possui como característica geral o fato de seus autores terem nascido e crescido nas periferias das grandes cidades brasileiras e produzido obras que têm como tema central a violência que assola todo o país e principalmente as periferias das metrópoles. / Abstract: This work analyzes the social-literary of literature marginal. Derived literary production of traditionally excluded sectors of the Brazilian literary system, literature marginal possess as characteristic general the fact of its authors to have been born and grown in the peripheries of the great Brazilian cities and produced workmanships that have as central subject the violence that devastates the country all e mainly the peripheries of metropolis. / Mestre

Cette recherche se base sur une ethnographie des bandes de jeunes dans les zones urbaines marginalisées en Guadeloupe. Héritiers d'une histoire politique caractérisée par l'esclavage, la colonisation et la dépendance, confrontés à la stigmatisation, la violence, le chômage, le désœuvrement, la drogue et la misère, ces jeunes ont néanmoins produit un univers culturel qui leur est propre. Dans cette thèse, je m'interroge sur les conceptions du pouvoir et du politique parmi ces jeunes dans un contexte social et politique oppressant afin de comprendre comment des pratiques quotidiennes de rébellion et de transgression s'articulent avec une désertion du politique tout en prévenant l'émergence de toute action collective qui remettrait en question les rapports de pouvoir en Guadeloupe. Du fait de la désertion du politique, ces conceptions se révèlent de façon diffuse dans la culture des jeunes des zones urbaines marginalisées. Cette thèse est donc avant tout une exploration des différentes facettes de la vie quotidienne de ces jeunes : la rue, la danse, la musique, l'économie informelle, la sexualité, la violence. L'univers culturel des jeunes des faubourgs est travaillé par deux dynamiques : la marginalité et la quête de puissance. La marginalité émerge d'un rapport complexe avec la société guadeloupéenne, marqué par la transgression, l'évitement et l'interdépendance. La quête de puissance est à la fois un mode d'interaction avec les pairs qui se substitue aux rapports de pouvoir et un principe structurant les représentations du monde auquel les jeunes des quartiers marginalisés ont recours, tant pour expliquer le monde contemporain que pour ériger des valeurs compensatoires, eut-égard à leur situation sociale. Puissance et marginalité sont deux dynamiques qui se déclinent sur le mode de l'hubris : un refus fondamental de sa propre incomplétude qui se traduit par une passion violente pour la démesure et l'exubérance. Dans les zones urbaines marginalisées, l'hubris se réfère aussi bien au refus de la misère qu'au poids du legs esclavagiste, réactualisé par une situation sociale d'une extrême précarité. / This research is based upon a fieldwork amongst young people in marginalized urban areas in Guadeloupe. Inheriting the political history of slavery, colonization and subsequent dependency, whilst also confronted with stigmatization, violence, unemployment, aimlessness, drugs and poverty, these young people have, nonetheless, established their own culture. In this thesis, I study the conceptions they have about power and politics in an oppressive social context, to understand how daily practices of rebellion and transgression link up with a desertion of politics while preventing any collective action able to question the power relationships in Guadeloupe. Due to the desertion of politics, these conceptions reveal themselves in the culture of young people living in marginalized urban areas. Subsequently, this thesis is an exploration of the daily lives of these young people: street life, dance, music, informal economy, sexuality and violence. The culture of young people in marginalized urban areas is influenced by two dynamics: marginality and the search for power. Marginality comes up from a complex relationship with Guadeloupean society, characterized by transgression, avoidance and interdependence. The search for power is both a way to interact with others and a principle structuring the world representation that young people use to understand the contemporary era and to create compensating values. Marginality and Power are two dynamics that proceed according to hubris: a refusal of one's own weakness which is expressed by a violent passion for excessiveness and outrageousness. In marginalized urban areas, hubris refers to the refusal of both poverty and the inheritance of slavery.

Can the subaltern really speak? Invoking Gayatri Spivak's post-colonial theory on the subaltern, this study aims to highlight the necessary, yet problematic relationship between intellectuals and the marginalized groups they seek to represent. This study argues that in the last chapter of Julia Alvarez's How the Garcâia Girls Lost Their Accents, the image of the wailing cat becomes a haunting image regarding Alvarez's own subject-position as a writer, a role that often places her in the center of harsh criticism. Consequently, this project traces the subaltern figures through three of Alvarez's texts -¡YO!, In the Time of the Butterflies, and Saving the World - in order to reveal the paradox that defines their relationship with the privileged body that seeks to be their representative. The subaltern cannot speak beyond the margins without the help of the elite; however, the same position of privilege and power that enables the intellectual to write can quickly become the factor that discredits their right to speak. Consequently, this study also attempts to reclaim the voice of Julia Alvarez, who is herself silenced and thus, rendered subaltern in the literary market by critics who feel that her privileged position complicates her ability to represent the collective. / by Raquel Alonso. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Este trabalho trata da trajetória artística de Hélio Oiticica, que se empenhou em entender e reformular o perfil do artista, seu lugar e papel na sociedade. Foi esse processo metódico e constante de experimentação e reflexão que o levou a expandir os limites dos suportes artísticos tradicionais, especialmente a partir de meados da década de 60. É realçada a importância da formação de Hélio Oiticica no Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro para sua atuação posterior, aberta ao diálogo com um contexto mais amplo de debates e reflexões, que extrapolaram o limite artístico e possibilitaram a criação de espaços de debate públicos a partir de sua proposição artística. A partir dos Bólides (1963), Oiticica foi levado a buscar novas alternativas, reestruturando e até ressemantizando suas propostas anteriores. Evidencia-se, ainda, uma crise do projeto amplo de modernização, que atingiu também as instituições culturais. No bojo dessa crise ganharam força os eventos coletivos de protesto, a proposta de formulação de uma vanguarda, a invenção da tropicália, sua institucionalização no tropicalismo e o desmanche da cena cultural promovida pelo AI-5, durante a ditadura militar. É traçado, ainda, um paralelo entre as idéias de marginalidade e de underground. Na trajetória de Hélio Oiticica, ambos aparecem como forma de oposição à ordem instituída, propondo o livre pensar e o descondicionamento do sujeito, conceitos que se desenvolveram em seu período novaiorquino. Em Nova York, Oiticica chegava à formulação de que o Brasil seria automaticamente underground; nesse ponto ele concluiu que estaríamos condenados a um paradoxo entre um mercado de arte pouco profissionalizado e a liberdade total de criação. Constatava, então, o limite de sua trajetória artística que rompeu as barreiras entre a arte e a vida, com o propósito de resgatar sua potencialidade crítica. / This paper is about the artistic path of Hélio Oiticica, who strove to understand and reformulate the artist´s profile, his place and role in society. It was this constant and methodical process of reflection and experimentation that led him to expand the limits of traditional artistic bases, especially from the mid-sixties. It is enhanced the importance of Oiticica´s formation at Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro towards his later performance, open to the dialogue with a wider context of debates and reflection which extrapolated the artistic limit and enabled, from his artistic proposition, spaces for public debate to be created. From Bólides (1963), Oiticica was led to search for new alternatives, restructuring and even re-semanticizing his previous propositions. A crisis in the wide project of modernization, which also reached the cultural institutions, was evident. At the core of this crisis, several events gained force: the collective protests, the proposal of reformulation of a vanguard, the invention of tropicália, its institutionalization in tropicalismo, and the dissolution of the cultural scene promoted by AI-5 during the military dictatorship. A parallel is also drawn between the ideas of marginality and underground. In Hélio Oiticica´s path, both appear as a form of opposition to the established order, proposing the free thought and the subject´s de-conditioning, concepts developed in the period he spent in New York. Once there, Oiticica arrived at the formulation that Brazil would be automatically underground; concluding that we would be condemned to a paradox between an under-professionalized art market and a total freedom of creation. It was proved, then, the limit of his artistic path that broke the barrier between art and life, with the purpose of rescuing his critical potentiality.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VANDERLEY JOSE DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1347225 bytes, checksum: 829503370024d873f3441c082b2ceb9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / This research presents a cutout in the work of the French poet Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud and Brazilian artists Renato Russo and Paul Leminski in analog form; grounded in the literature and cultural production of the final decades of the nineteenth century in France and Brazil, as well as in the final decades of the twentieth century. The analysis of texts is directed to modernity: the hybrid theoretical aspects, polyphonic and dialogic; with emphasis on marginalized and subaltern enunciation. The aim is to demonstrate, through these productions, the interartistic effects of such aspects as well as its reflex on the language and public reader-listener: the interlocutors. In discussing these issues based on the triad of texts, the study aims to mark the arising of modern poetry, even in the late nineteenth century, the moment that Rimbaud is the protagonist. Thus, was used as an object of analysis: the poems of Rimbaud: Fome and O coração logrado ; the songs of Renato Russo: Teatro dos vampiros and Daniel na cova dos leões and, finally, the poems of Leminski: Sintonia para pressa e presságio and Sem título . In this context, the painting O gritoof the Norwegian Edvard Munch (1893) emerges as a visual correspondence of poetic and musical art. / Esta pesquisa apresenta um recorte da obra do poeta francês Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud e dos artistas brasileiros Renato Russo e Paulo Leminski, de forma analógica, embasado na literatura e produção cultural das décadas finais do século XIX na França e no Brasil, só que nas décadas finais do século XX. A análise dos textos está direcionada à modernidade: seus aspectos teóricos híbridos, polifônicos e dialógicos, com ênfase na marginalidade e enunciação subalterna. O objetivo é demonstrar, por meio dessas produções, os efeitos interartísticos de tais aspectos, bem como seus reflexos na linguagem e no público leitor-ouvinte: os interlocutores. Ao discutir tais temas com base nos textos da tríade, o estudo visa a demarcar o surgimento da poesia moderna, ainda no final do século XIX, momento no qual Rimbaud é protagonista. Para tanto, foi utilizado como objeto de análise, os poemas de Rimbaud: FOME e O coração logrado ; canções de Renato Russo: Teatro dos vampiros e Daniel na cova dos leões e, por fim, os poemas de Leminski: Sintonia para pressa e presságio e Sem título . Nesse contexto, a pintura O Grito, do norueguês Edward Munch (1893), surge como a correspondência visual da arte poética e musical.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this research explores Zimbabwean literary and other cultural texts within the broader context of the construction of identities and the politics of inclusion and exclusion in nationalist and oppositional discourses. It also analyzes two texts by major non-Zimbabwean African writers to examine the thematic links between Zimbabwean and other African writing. Through combining historical, anthropological and political approaches with postcolonial, postmodern and feminist critical theories, the thesis explores the ways in which African writing and performance represent alternative histories to official versions of the nation. It further investigates questions of gender and their significance in nationalist discourses and shows how writing on war, trauma and healing informs and develops readers’ understanding of the relationship of the past to the present. Considered together as a coherent body of work, the published items submitted in this thesis explore how Zimbabwean and other African writers, through re-visioning history and writing from oppositional or marginal positions, intervene in political debates and suggest new transformative ways of constructing and negotiating identities in postcolonial societies.

Community gardens have been the focus of social science research in the United States for several decades and the benefits associated with these alternative food spaces has been well documented. More recently, scholars have begun to argue that these benefits are inequitably distributed across society. Largely as a result of the whiteness of these spaces, people of color are less represented in community and benefit less from their presence. Portland, Oregon is recognized as a leader in sustainability, with its abundance of community gardens and urban agriculture. It is also one of the whitest urban cities in the United States. People of color have faced a legacy of oppression and marginalization in Portland, and this is especially true for the black community. Through conducting 17 in-depth interviews and spending an extensive amount of time observing community gardens in Portland, this research aims to explore how the whiteness of these spaces functions to marginalize black individuals and contributes to the ongoing oppression of the black community. This research also demonstrates how the black community in Portland engages community gardening in an effort to resist these and broader effects of structural racism.

Thesis (MA(Counselling Psychology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-75).

This thesis examined factors affecting Chinese Canadians visitation to local parks and distant parks. These factors included environment identity, leisure attitudes, attitudes towards parks, level of acculturation and marginality. It was anticipated that these factors would positively predict Chinese Canadians visitation to parks. Convenience sampling of Chinese Canadians was conducted at three cities, Vancouver, Toronto and Edmonton. A self-completed questionnaire was used to collect data. The average response rate was 42%; 624 questionnaires were input into the data file. Passive activities characterized respondents participation in park-based activities. Lack of time was the most frequently reported constraint to visiting parks. Respondents suggestions for improving the park visitor experience included better and more accessible washrooms and parking lots, more entertainment facilities and more facilities for children. Respondents reported high levels of environmental identity, positive attitudes towards parks, and positive attitudes towards leisure, as well as moderate levels of acculturation. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed that only environmental identity positively predicted visits to local and distant parks.