Objetivos: Valorar si los diferentes grados de severidad de los trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) conllevan cambios alimentarios con trascendencia nutricional o son cuadros conductuales con escasa repercusión sobre el desarrollo desde edades tempranas previas a la adolescencia. Estudiar en qué medida factores antropométricos y psicosociales participan en el proceso de desarrollo de los TCA desde la pradolescencia.Material y Métodos: Se basó en dos estudios transversales con diseño en doble fase. En la primera fase se han cribado a 1522 escolares de primaria o preadolescentes y a 3122 escolares de secundaria o adolescentes. En la segunda fase se estudiaron a 259 sujetos de primaria (129 de riesgo y 130 controles) y a 425 sujetos de secundaria (217 de riesgo y 208 controles). Se determinó, en cada grupo de edad, los sujetos con Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria No Especificados.Se administraron el Children Eating Atittudes Test (ChEAT), el Eating Atittudes Test (EAT) y Youth's Inventory-IV. Se confirmaron los diagnósticos de TCA mediante la Entrevista de Diagnóstico para Niños y Adolescentes (en los preadolescentes) y el Schedules for Clinical Assesment in Neuropsychiatry (en los adolescentes). Se determinó el consumo alimentario de 3 días no consecutivos (incluyendo uno no festivo). Se aplicó la técnica de Goldberg para validar la estimación de la ingesta energética referida. Se determinaron los patrones alimentarios mediante análisis factorial (método de componentes principales), el sobrepeso y la obesidad mediante los puntos de corte de Cole y col. y la insatisfacción corporal (IC) a través del Body Areas Satisfaction Test. Se analizaron los datos con el paquete estadístico SPSS 13.0.Resultados: Las mujeres consumen menos energía a mayor severidad de los TCA y esta restricción es más evidente en la adolescencia. Los nutrientes que presentan mayor riesgo nutricional son calcio, fósforo, hierro y folatos. Existen diferencias en el patrón alimentario según la severidad de los TCA y de la edad. En ambos sexos y en los dos grupos de edad, la frecuencia de exceso de peso y de masa grasa aumenta significativamente a mayor severidad de los TCA. Las chicas que tienen riesgo de padecer un TCA y que presentan mayor IMC manifiestan más IC. En las chicas adolescentes del grupo de riesgo, factores socioculturales y emocionales está asociados a la IC.Conclusiones: Las mujeres consumen menos energía y nutrientes a mayor severidad de los TCA, siendo significativo en las mujeres adolescentes. La restricción se debe a los lípidos en las preadolescentes, mientras que en las adolescentes se debe a los tres macronutrientes de forma proporcional. Tanto en la preadolescencia como en la adolescencia, el mayor IMC y la menor satisfacción corporal están asociados negativamente con la ingesta energética sólo en el sexo femenino y principalmente cuando existe riesgo de TCA. / Objectives: To evaluate whether differing grades of severity of eating disorders (ED) bring about changes in feeding of nutritional importance or whether they are behavioural conditions with little repercussion on development from early ages prior to adolescence.To study to what extent anthropometrical and psycho-social factors participate in the process of development of ED from pre-adolescence. Material and Methods: Two transversal studies with two phases were performed. During the first phase 1522 primary or pre-adolescent school children were screened and 3122 secondary or adolescent school children. During the second phase 259 primary school subjects (129 at risk and 130 controls) and 425 secondary school subjects (217 at risk and 208 controls). Subjects with unspecified eating disorders were identified in each age group.The Children Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and Youth's Inventory-IV tests were performed. ED diagnoses were confirmed using the diagnostic interview for children and adolescents (in preadolescents) and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (in adolescents). 3 nonconsecutive day's food intake was recorded (including a weekday). The Goldberg test was used to validate the estimation of energy intake. Feeding patterns were determined using factorial analysis (method of principal components), overweight and obesity using Cole et al's cut-off points and body dissatisfaction (BD) using the Body Areas Satisfaction Test. Data was analysed using the SPPS statistical package (version 13.0). Results: ED of greater severity was associated with lower energy intake in girls and this was more evident during adolescence. Calcium, phosphorous, iron and folates are the most susceptible nutrients to deficiency. Differences in feeding patterns were observed according to severity of the ED and age. In both sexes and in both age groups the frequency of excess weight and fat mass increased significantly with greater severity of ED. Girls at risk of ED and with greater BMI showed greater BD. In the risk group of adolescent girls, socio-cultural and emotional factors were associated with BD.Conclusions: Greater severity of ED was associated with less energy and nutrient intake in girls and this was significant in adolescents. While the restriction is of lipid origin in preadolescents, the three macronutrients are equally restricted in adolescents. In both preadolescence and adolescence, greater BMI and less body satisfaction are negatively associated with energy intake only in girls and mainly in situations of ED risk.

In this thesis breeding and economic indicators of stockbreeding in ?Agrodružstvo Žimutice? in the years 2005 ? 2009 have been assessed. The results show that the reared herd has a high breeding value. For the breeding high- quality approved bulls are used which are still increasing the above mentioned value. The rearing of calves and heifers is of high-quality too. The fattening of bulls lags behind. The increase in weight is very low. The rearing profitability was negative in all years. When compared to the data from a sample survey conducted by The Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information in Prague, it has been found that the company has high costs in particular as to the consumption of their own feeds, direct wages, internal services and overhead expenses. It is impossible to continue such uneconomic production. It is necessary to take a large number of measures to eliminate the loss.

Determina la relación entre el comportamiento sedentario y la actividad física con el índice de masa corporal en adolescentes de una Institución Educativa Privada de San Juan de Lurigancho en el año 2017. Se realiza un estudio observacional de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se encuestó a 103 adolescentes que cursaban el 1ero, 2do, 3ro, 4to y 5to año de nivel secundario de la I.E. Matter Purísima del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho en el año 2017, para recopilar la información sobre el comportamiento sedentario y el nivel de actividad física, por otro lado, se obtuvieron mediciones de peso y talla para el cálculo del Índice de Masa Corporal. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas (N) y relativas (%) para el análisis descriptivo. Se utilizó la prueba de ANOVA para el análisis de la relación entre el comportamiento sedentario y el nivel de actividad física con el índice de masa corporal. Se aplicó la prueba de Spearman, para determinar si existía asociación entre las variables, comportamiento sedentario e IMC y el nivel de actividad física con el IMC. Encuentra que los adolescentes tienen entre 12 y 18 años, la edad promedio fue de 14,27 años. El 52% (n=53) pertenecen al género masculino, mientras que, el 48% (n=50) son del género femenino. Según el IMC, el 60% (n=62) de la muestra total presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. Se obtuvo, un nivel de significancia (sig. Asintótica = 0.031) menor que el p valor 0.05, por lo tanto, se rechaza la hipótesis nula (Ho) y se acepta la hipótesis alterna (Ha), existiendo relación estadística significativa entre el comportamiento sedentario y la actividad física con el índice de masa corporal. Asimismo, se evidenció una relación estadísticamente significativa (p=0.045*), entre el comportamiento sedentario y el IMC, observándose que, los adolescentes con sobrepeso (24%; n=25) y obesidad (18%; n=17) son los que presentan un mayor comportamiento sedentario alto. Del mismo modo, se halló una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de actividad física y el IMC (p=0.025*), encontrándose que, un gran porcentaje de adolescentes con sobrepeso tienen un nivel de actividad física muy baja (20%; n=20) y baja (15%; n=16), además, aquellos adolescentes que tienen obesidad, presentaron en su mayoría, niveles de actividad física bajos (13%; n=13) y muy bajos (11%; n=11). Se encontró una relación significativa entre el comportamiento sedentario y el nivel de actividad física con el Índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se encontró una relación significativa entre el comportamiento sedentario y el índice de masa corporal y entre la actividad física y el índice de masa corporal. / Tesis

This thesis presents development tendencies and economic differentiation in meat processing industry in the European Union. Using the theoretical approach characterized the basic stages of development of agriculture and agribusiness development in the context of globalization in the agrarian sector. These foundations have better outline for the food verticals, subsequent stages of processing and distribution of food. Another theoretical starting point of this work is the creation of the Common Agricultural Policy, along with its reforms. The aim of the document is subsequently characterize and analyze developments in world agribusiness and meat processing industry of EU Member States. Within this framework characterize the development of commodity chain of meat in the country and analyze their interactions with the environment on the EU single market.

The aim of this diploma was evaluate the effect of feeding milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seed cakes on sensoric quality of broiler chickens meat. The experimental groups of broiler ROSS 308 received feed mixtures containing 0 % (C - control), 5 % (MT5) and 15 % (MT15) of milk thistle seed cakes. The chickens were fattened on conventional deep litter system. The trial lasted 37 days. Sensory analysis of breast and thigh muscle samples was evaluated in special sensory laboratory (Department of Food Technology, Mendel university in Brno) according ISO 8589. Breast meat was significantly (P < 0,05) rated as the best in parameter flavour in C (control) and MT15 group. The thigh meat was evaluated significantly (P < 0,05) best for colour and fibreness parameters in MT15 group. The addition of milk thistle seed cakes do not worsened sensory characteristic of breast or thigh meat of broilers and reflects standard sensory quality traits.

The aim of this work was to analyze breeding and economical indicators of cattle breed in Selekta Pacov ltd. and on a private farm of Mr. Lubomir Straka in years 2014-2015. The results show, that in both cases, these plants are very modern and continuously innovated with high standard of milk performance, good health state of all milk cows, high-quality nutrition and appropriate farm management. Reproduction indicators are acceptable in both cases and correspond with the high milk performance. Economic result corresponds with the excellent level of milk cows breeding; both companies show profit during whole period of observation. Calf breeding is at high level on both farms as well. The farm of Mr. Straka shows the only problem; due to shortage of workforce, the farm has relatively high calf loss. In the heifer category, the results in breeding economy and breeding indicators are at high level. These animals are fully grown and developed with great body proportions and optimal body condition; this is the precondition of high milk performance. Bull fattening is realized in Selekta ltd. only; Mr. Lubomir Straka doesn´t fatten the bulls, but he sells them as calves already. For Selekta ltd., this commodity is an unprofitable branch. The reasons are low growth during fattening and high feed costs. If these problems are not removed, it will be better to cancel this category.

The work deals with economic evaluation of pork production in agricultural cooperative Opařany (ACO) in the period 2007-2010. The research reviewed both economic indicators and indicators of production and reproduction. Nutrition and feeding of pigs was also assessed from the perspective: influence on production and reproduction and share of cost breeding pigs. Evaluation of indicators is not only in time but also in the space, where average values of Czech breeders were used. ACO in 2008 experience worsening of breeding indicators and also increasing costs of one feeding day. It led to a loss 10,11 CZK per 1kg of live weight of slaughter pig. Since 2008 the ACO has been gradually improving. In 2010, there were weaned 23 piglets per 1 sow per a year. In fattening reached 0,68 daily gain. In indicators of reproduction is ACO above Czech average. ACO was also successful in gradual reduction of total cost. In 2010, ACO produced 1 kg of live weight of slaughter pig per 33,25 CZK. Despite the mentioned improvement, the ACO -production of pork was loss during the whole follow-up period. In 2010, the loss on every sold kilo of slaughter pig was 5,36 CZK.

Angl. resumé

Internal and external factors affect the quality of meat, however ageing affects final product. Main objective of this work was to determine the effects of ageing on selected physical factors (pH, colour, water holding capacity and texture shear force) which affect meat quality from consumer and further meat processing perspective. Measuring of those factors was performed in periodical time sequences (one day post-mortem and 14 days of ageing) and factors of raw and heat-modified meat were measured. There were two hundred and fifty-eight samples from Czech pied cattle used in research. Musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (sirloin) was analyzed. Statistically high shear force difference (P=0.001) was identified at heat-modified and aged samples (decrease from 22.574 kg to 14.885 kg). Decrease of shear force during ageing of raw meat samples was observed at normal pH (pH < 5.8) beef ? from 6.403 kg to 5.982 kg. Correlations between pH and water holding capacity was found at samples which undergone ageing (r = 0.879 ***) and also at one day post-mortem samples (r = 0.872 ***). Middle correlation was observed between colour and pH at all colour parameters ? L* (r = -0.479 ***), a* (r = -0.478 ***) and b* (r = -0.581 ***). Water holding capacity and pH have influence on shear force of raw beef and also heat-modified beef; this was confirmed by correlation analysis. Lightness (L*) and water holding capacity affect heat-modified samples texture which was confirmed with multi-regression linear analysis (R2 = 0.565). As shown above the influence of meat ageing on quality parameters is high and properly aged meat from young bulls has better texture values. If the aged beef will be sold regularly it could be expected that consumer demand will increase especially due to remove the inconsistency of the quality of beef.

In the thesis there were evaluated breeding and economical factors of livestock breeding in agricultural company Lesonice JSC in the years 2009 ? 2011. The results show that the livestock breeding in this company is on high breeding as well as cost-effective level. Especially milk-cows breed of Czech brindle stock (Fleckvieh) have an excellent production of milk and good breeding values in comparison to the Czech average. Calves in the breed are in a good health condition, which proves in the low mortality rate. The category of heifers has also good-quality breed with low age of calving. There are only few data concerning the bull-fattening that was renewed in 2009. The cost-comparison to the Czech average was carried out by means of sample survey of Institute for agricultural economics and information in Prague. The costs are comparable to the Czech average and by some stock-categories they are even lower. If the company would like to prefer the Holsteiner cattle, it would have to better utilize the breeding reserves and increase the efficiency that is now under the Czech average. The management shell continuously lower the costs by means of innovations and professional attitude. Reliable calculation of costs and incomes must be stressed.