No description available.

In 1978 the SADF carried out an airborne assault on Cassinga in Southern Angola. The South Africans claimed that Cassinga was a key SWAPO military headquarters, training camp and logistic base. SWAPO claimed it was a refugee camp and that the approximately 600 people who died in the attack were innocent civilians. The SADF said it had dealt SWAPO a significant military blow; SWAPO said the SADF had carried out a brutal massacre of old people, women and children. This dissertation focuses on the military dimensions of the raid, examining first the military situation in southern Angola and northern Namibia at the time, then looking at Cassinga itself before reviewing the airborne capability of the SADF, considering the decision that was made to launch the attack, describing the planning and preparations, the actual assault, a Cuban counter-attack and the extraction of the South African paratroopers. It concludes with the propaganda claims of both sides before assessing the military significance of the action. / History / M.A.

La thèse porte sur la langue et les discours de la contestation en Italie dans les années 1970. L’étude vise à définir les enjeux et les représentations qui ont prévalu dans l’utilisation de certains mots plutôt que d’autres, en essayant de se placer du point de vue des acteurs qui ont vécu la période. Elle analyse d’une part l’utilisation de certains mots dans la langue politique de l'époque, en la comparant avec la production analogue précédente, et notamment avec les traditions politiques de référence.Elle étudie d'autre part la spécificité de la langue de la période en s’interrogeant sur la question d’un lexique politique propre à une époque donnée. Elle étudie enfin les débats linguistiques qui ont accompagné cette modification du lexique politique, en s’attachant plus particulièrement aux textes qui ont marqué des tournants linguistiques et idéologiques.L’étude vise à adopter une démarche scientifique qui comprend une historicisation précise des textes et des enjeux de leur écriture et qui a été définie par l’expression « philologie politique ».À travers la description d'un corpus très varié, comportant les textes politiques de référence (articles de journaux, tracts, affiches, documents théoriques, débats) produits par les organisations majeures d’extrême gauche (gauche extraparlementaire, mouvements, lutte armée) et leur interaction avec d’autres types de discours (Pci, Dc, presse) ; mais aussi des textes historiographiques et différentes formes de témoignage, cette étude pose la question plus générale de la création d’une langue politique propre à une époque donnée et du caractère particulier de la langue politique des années 1970 en Italie. / The dissertation tackles the language and the debates of protests in Italy in the Seventies. The research looks at defining the stakes and the representations that have been predominant through the use of certain words instead of others, by trying to show the point of view of the stakeholders that have lived this historical period.On one hand, the use of certain words utilized in the political language of that time has been analyzed, and compared with the precedent analogue production, notably with the political traditions of reference.On the other hand, the dissertation tackles the specificity of the language of that period by questioning the theme of a political vocabulary relatively of a specific time. Eventually, an analysis is made of the linguistic debates that have gone along with this change in the political vocabulary, by linking itself in particular to the writings that have marked linguistic and ideological turning points.The study aims at adopting a scientific method that entails a precise historization of the texts and the stakes connected to their writing which has been defined with the expression of « political philology ».The research utilizes the description of a very diversified collection of documents that include the political writings of reference (newspaper articles, leaflets, posters, theoretical documents, debates) produced by the main organizations of the extreme left wing (extra parliamentary left wing, movements, armed struggle) and their interaction with different types of speeches (PCI, DC, press); moreover the study includes historiographic texts and different forms of witness’ documents. The aim is to discuss more generally the creation of a political language belonging to a specific time and the particular character of the political language in the Seventies in Italy.

Cette thèse porte sur les représentations filmiques de la guerre de Libération(1964-1974) et de la Révolution mozambicaine (1975-1987) et vise à analyser les enjeux esthétiques et politiques du cinéma révolutionnaire de ce pays. La compréhension de cette problématique passe dans un premier temps par un examen des différentes logiques qui ont présidé aux positionnements de la théorie anticoloniale à l’égard de la culture pour ensuite interroger la politique du cinéma d’État et ses contradictions. Les représentations filmiques de es deux processus historiques furent un instrument essentiel pour la formation de l’identité nationale, à l’intérieur d’un dispositif épistémique historiographique. En reconstituant les principes d’une culture de libération transnationale, cette thèse envisage de considérer les conditions politiques, idéologiques et technologiques qui conduisirent à la fondation de l’Institut national de cinéma mozambicain (INC) en mars 1976 et l’orientation que le Front de libération du Mozambique (FRELIMO) tenta d’imprimer au cinéma.La délimitation des trois phases du cinéma révolutionnaire mozambicain mettra en exergue les déséquilibres entre la coexistence d’un projet de production cinématographique collective, l’expérimentation formelle et les postulats du programme étatique. La notion de «forme-événement » nous permettra de concilier deux dimensions de la production esthétique :celle qui envisage l’art comme reflet ; celle qui le considère à partir de ses effets. À travers l’analyse esthétique formelle et historique d’un ensemble de films singuliers réalisés entre 1966et 1987, nous chercherons à mettre en évidence les positions prises par les cinéastes, les résistances et les rapports successifs et contradictoires entre le cinéma collectif, d’auteur et d’État. De l’étude approfondie du film Mueda, Memória e Massacre (1979-1980) de Ruy Guerraet de son histoire matérielle émergera une connaissance archéologique et critique du programme politique et culturel mozambicain.Cette thèse envisage également une insertion du cinéma révolutionnaire mozambicain dans son contexte historique et culturel en élaborant une cartographie du cinéma de Libération en relation avec la conjoncture politique des années 1960 et 1970. La notion de « cinéma de Libération » se trouve dans un cadre historique, géographique et catégoriel par rapport à l’histoire du cinéma politique, d’avant-garde et expérimental et de l’histoire du cinéma en général. L’étude d’une série d’oeuvres filmiques nous permettra d’établir une cartographie extensible du cinéma de Libération, englobant le cinéma révolutionnaire portugais (1974-1982)et l’« état de la forme » de ce cinéma. / The dissertation focuses on the filmic representations of the War of Liberation(1964-1974) and of the revolution (1975-1987) in Mozambique, and aims to analyse the aesthetic and political issues of Mozambican revolutionary cinema. To understand this question,the various logics that guided the positions of anti-colonial theory with regard to culture are examined in the first instance, while the State cinema policy and its contradictions are reassessed in the second instance. The filmic representations of these two historical processes were an essential instrument for the construction of national identity, within an epistemic historiographical apparatus. By reconstructing the principles of a culture of transnational liberation, the dissertation intends to consider the political, ideological, and technological conditions which led to the foundation of Mozambique’s National Institute of Cinema (INC) inMarch of 1976, and the orientation that the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) attempted to ascribe to cinema.The identification of three phases of Mozambican revolutionary cinema will highlight the discrepancy between the coexistence of a project for the collectivisation of film production,formal experimentation and the premises of the State programme. The notion of ‘form-event’will allow us to reconcile two dimensions of the aesthetic production: one, which considers art as a reflection; another, which considers it in terms of its outcomes. Through the formal aestheticand historical analysis of a set of singular films produced between 1966 and 1987, we will seekto problematize the positions adopted by the filmmakers, the points of resistance, as well as the succession of contradictory forms of relation between collective, auteur and State cinema. Anarchaeological and critical knowledge of the Mozambican political and cultural programme will emerge from the comprehensive analysis of Ruy Guerra’s Mueda, Memória e Massacre(1979-1980).The dissertation purports to replace Mozambican revolutionary cinema in its historicaland cultural context by drawing a cartography of the Cinema of Liberation in relation to the political situation of the 1960s and 1970s. The concept of ‘Cinema of Liberation’ is sited in a historical, geographical and categorial framework with respect to the history of political, avantgarde,and experimental cinema, and to the history of cinema in general. The analysis of a selection of films will allow us to extensively map the Cinema of Liberation, including the cinema of the Portuguese Revolution (1974-1982) and the ‘state of the form’ of this cinema.

In 1978 the SADF carried out an airborne assault on Cassinga in Southern Angola. The South Africans claimed that Cassinga was a key SWAPO military headquarters, training camp and logistic base. SWAPO claimed it was a refugee camp and that the approximately 600 people who died in the attack were innocent civilians. The SADF said it had dealt SWAPO a significant military blow; SWAPO said the SADF had carried out a brutal massacre of old people, women and children. This dissertation focuses on the military dimensions of the raid, examining first the military situation in southern Angola and northern Namibia at the time, then looking at Cassinga itself before reviewing the airborne capability of the SADF, considering the decision that was made to launch the attack, describing the planning and preparations, the actual assault, a Cuban counter-attack and the extraction of the South African paratroopers. It concludes with the propaganda claims of both sides before assessing the military significance of the action. / History / M.A.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-18T11:50:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thales Henrique Nunes Pimenta.pdf: 2822445 bytes, checksum: 53d819c07638c17057224a7da5ccd77a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-18T11:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thales Henrique Nunes Pimenta.pdf: 2822445 bytes, checksum: 53d819c07638c17057224a7da5ccd77a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Na presente dissertação são problematizadas as memórias da tragédia escolar ocorrida em abril de 2011 no bairro carioca de Realengo - com um total de 13 mortes incluindo a do assassino - e as marcas de sua transformação no âmbito da recepção midiática por entre as recordações de moradores que, em distintas proporções, viveram os trabalhos de luto e memória relacionados ao episódio de violência. Para tanto, realizei alguns movimentos exploratórios no ano de 2012 tentando entender os processos de midiatização implicados na seleção local de aspectos pelos quais o evento é lembrado e, ao mesmo tempo, dando início à problematização teórica pela qual passou a se desenvolver na pesquisa o conceito de enquadramentos midiatizados da memória coletiva, que descortina a ação das mídias nos conjuntos de lembranças e seus sentidos sobre eventos de impacto. Nesse sentido, os trabalhos de enquadramento da memória são discutidos como processo fenomenológico de lógicas operativas sujeitas não apenas às experiências vividas ou ao engajamento dos sujeitos no recordar e no esquecer, mas também aos deslocamentos e atualizações sobre o acontecimento midiático construído a partir do evento em si. Entendendo por isso que o agenciamento de lembranças da tragédia não se daria fora do cenário de midiatização, tanto o acontecimento quanto as perspectivas através das quais os meios de comunicação o produziram - e mais adiante retomaram em movimento de recordação midiática - são o conjunto de aspectos empíricos explorados na contextualização da pesquisa, que utiliza um pequeno corpus de narrativas como índice sobre a ambiência comunicacional vivida pelos informantes em seus trabalhos de memória. Dado que esses sujeitos são agentes de memória trazendo o passado à tona como princípio de ação sobre o presente na tentativa de encerrar o luto coletivo em uma seleção daquilo que deve ser lembrado ou esquecido, as experiências de recepção têm ascendência sobre os trabalhos memoriais porque, nesse âmbito, os sujeitos comunicantes fazem uma série de usos e apropriações das narrativas midiáticas, produzindo referentes que dão norteamento à formação dos seus conjuntos de lembranças. No contexto de Realengo, as mediações que tiveram relevância na recepção sobre a tragédia foram não apenas os usos e apropriações dos informantes, mas também os cenários do cotidiano vivido, a circulação interacional e as negociações coletivas de sentidos, suas vivências de cultura religiosa, suas competências midiáticas e, sobretudo, suas posições de gênero, bem como alguns aspectos biográficos de ação subjacente. Para então dar conta da etapa sistemática no ano de 2013, fiz um levantamento das pesquisas que lidam com a memória na perspectiva teórico-empírica da recepção para desenvolver, em sequência, o método dos relatos de memórias midiatizadas - cujas operações técnicas de entrevista em profundidade têm como premissa descortinar as marcas de experiências vividas no âmbito da recepção para daí explorá-las ponto a ponto, entendendo seu papel na constituição de recordações, silêncios, contradições e esquecimentos dos informantes a respeito da tragédia. / En esta disertación son problematizadas las memorias de la tragedia escolar brasileña que sucedió en abril de 2011 en el distrito carioca de Realengo – con un total de 13 muertes, incluyendo el homicida – y las marcas de su transformación en el ámbito de la recepción mediática por entre recordaciones de habitantes que, en distintas proporciones, vivieron los trabajos de luto y memoria relacionados al episodio de violencia. Para hacerlo, llevé a cabo algunos movimientos exploratorios en 2012 tratando de entender los procesos de mediatización implicados en la selección de aspectos a través de los cuales la tragedia es recordada en el barrio y, al mismo tiempo, empezando la problematización teórica de la investigación, donde pasé a desarrollar el concepto de los encuadres mediatizados de la memoria colectiva descortinando la acción de los medios comunicacionales en conjuntos de recuerdos y sus sentidos sobre los eventos de impacto. En ese sentido, los trabajos de encuadre memorial son pensados como un proceso fenomenológico de lógicas operativas que están sujetas no sólo a las experiencias vividas o al compromiso de los sujetos en la recordación y el olvido, sino también a los trayectos y actualizaciones del acontecimiento mediático dado a partir del evento en sí. Teniendo en cuenta que la agencia de recuerdos acerca de la tragedia no ocurriría fuera del escenario de mediatización en el que vivimos, tanto el acontecimiento como las perspectivas por las cuales los medios de comunicación lo produjeron – y más adelante evocaron en movimiento de recordación mediática – son el conjunto de aspectos empíricos que fueron explorados en la contextualización de este itinerario investigativo, que utiliza un recorte de narrativas mediáticas como índice de la ambiencia comunicacional vivida por los informantes en sus trabajos de memoria. Dado que los sujetos son agentes de memoria trayendo el pasado a la luz como un principio de acción en el presente a través de una selección de lo que se deberá recordar u olvidar con vistas al cierre del luto colectivo, las experiencias de recepción tienen ascendencia sobre los trabajos memoriales porque, en ese ámbito, los sujetos comunicantes hacen una serie de usos y apropiaciones de las narrativas mediáticas, produciendo referentes que nortean sus conjuntos de recuerdos. En el contexto de Realengo, las mediaciones de relevancia en la recepción sobre el episodio fueron no sólo los usos y apropiaciones de los informantes, sino que también los escenarios del cotidiano vivido, la circulación y las negociaciones colectivas de sentidos, sus vivencias de cultura religiosa, sus competencias mediáticas y, sobre todo, sus posiciones de género, además de algunos aspectos biográficos en acción subyacente. Para realizar la etapa sistemática en 2013, por lo tanto, hizo un movimiento de investigación documental acerca de la memoria en perspectiva teórico-empírica de la recepción para así desarrollar el método de los relatos de memorias mediatizadas – cuya operacionalización técnica de entrevista en profundidad tiene como premisa descortinar marcas de experiencias vividas en la recepción para explorarlas entendiendo su rol en los recuerdos, contradicciones, silencios y olvidos de los informantes.

This dissertation examines the trial of Japanese war crimes conducted by Australia between 1945 and 1951; although the study commences in 1943, when the Government first focussed on the issue, and ends in 1961, when the issue was closed. Beyond providing an overview of the trials the thesis addresses the major criticism of the trials by looking at whether the trails were fair and if they fulfilled Australian aims. This is addressed within the context of the two elements of international law, the political, and the legal, and examined in each of the three sections. The Policy section establishes the political context of the trials by examining the influence of the international community and the Australian Government. Both influenced structure and progress rather than the final application of the law. When Australian attitudes were incongruous with international views, a perception that Australia was harsh and repressive developed even though justice was an important part of the Government???s agenda. A study of legal aspects of the trials commences in the Procedures section. Australia???s legislation and regulations are explained with particular emphasis on the more controversial aspects, and a comparison is made with the war crimes instruments of other Allies trying the Japanese showing many similarities between the regulations used by other nations and Australia???s. Procedures also discusses the framework for the Australian trials, the procedures used to bring a case to trial, the process used in court, the review process and the carrying out of sentences. Such a thorough study of the procedural basis is necessary to evaluate the individual trials. Practical examples of some of the procedural problems are also discussed in the following section ??? Practice. This section reviews a number of trials and the various types of crimes and the claims made in defence to show how Australia applied and interpreted the law. The study finds many similarities between Australia???s application of the law and the practice of other nations, indicating that Australian courts were applying what was considered to be customary expectations of behaviour. Throughout the trials there was little evidence of vindictiveness or revenge, either by Government or in the courts. Both were faced with significant problems, which were not always dealt with well but overall the trials were fair and those involved were concerned that justice should not only be seen to be done, but actually be done.

La thèse porte sur la langue et les discours de la contestation en Italie dans les années 1970. L'étude vise à définir les enjeux et les représentations qui ont prévalu dans l'utilisation de certains mots plutôt que d'autres, en essayant de se placer du point de vue des acteurs qui ont vécu la période. Elle analyse d'une part l'utilisation de certains mots dans la langue politique de l'époque, en la comparant avec la production analogue précédente, et notamment avec les traditions politiques de référence.Elle étudie d'autre part la spécificité de la langue de la période en s'interrogeant sur la question d'un lexique politique propre à une époque donnée. Elle étudie enfin les débats linguistiques qui ont accompagné cette modification du lexique politique, en s'attachant plus particulièrement aux textes qui ont marqué des tournants linguistiques et idéologiques.L'étude vise à adopter une démarche scientifique qui comprend une historicisation précise des textes et des enjeux de leur écriture et qui a été définie par l'expression " philologie politique ".À travers la description d'un corpus très varié, comportant les textes politiques de référence (articles de journaux, tracts, affiches, documents théoriques, débats) produits par les organisations majeures d'extrême gauche (gauche extraparlementaire, mouvements, lutte armée) et leur interaction avec d'autres types de discours (Pci, Dc, presse) ; mais aussi des textes historiographiques et différentes formes de témoignage, cette étude pose la question plus générale de la création d'une langue politique propre à une époque donnée et du caractère particulier de la langue politique des années 1970 en Italie.

No description available.

This dissertation examines the trial of Japanese war crimes conducted by Australia between 1945 and 1951; although the study commences in 1943, when the Government first focussed on the issue, and ends in 1961, when the issue was closed. Beyond providing an overview of the trials the thesis addresses the major criticism of the trials by looking at whether the trails were fair and if they fulfilled Australian aims. This is addressed within the context of the two elements of international law, the political, and the legal, and examined in each of the three sections. The Policy section establishes the political context of the trials by examining the influence of the international community and the Australian Government. Both influenced structure and progress rather than the final application of the law. When Australian attitudes were incongruous with international views, a perception that Australia was harsh and repressive developed even though justice was an important part of the Government???s agenda. A study of legal aspects of the trials commences in the Procedures section. Australia???s legislation and regulations are explained with particular emphasis on the more controversial aspects, and a comparison is made with the war crimes instruments of other Allies trying the Japanese showing many similarities between the regulations used by other nations and Australia???s. Procedures also discusses the framework for the Australian trials, the procedures used to bring a case to trial, the process used in court, the review process and the carrying out of sentences. Such a thorough study of the procedural basis is necessary to evaluate the individual trials. Practical examples of some of the procedural problems are also discussed in the following section ??? Practice. This section reviews a number of trials and the various types of crimes and the claims made in defence to show how Australia applied and interpreted the law. The study finds many similarities between Australia???s application of the law and the practice of other nations, indicating that Australian courts were applying what was considered to be customary expectations of behaviour. Throughout the trials there was little evidence of vindictiveness or revenge, either by Government or in the courts. Both were faced with significant problems, which were not always dealt with well but overall the trials were fair and those involved were concerned that justice should not only be seen to be done, but actually be done.