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Distributed virtual environments (DVEs) have been an active area of research and engineering for more than 20 years. The most widely deployed DVEs are network games such as Quake, Halo, and World of Warcraft (WoW), with millions of users and billions of dollars in annual revenue. Deployed DVEs remain expensive centralized implementations despite significant research outlining ways to distribute DVE workloads. This dissertation shows previous DVE research evaluations are inconsistent with deployed DVE needs. Assumptions about avatar movement and proximity - fundamental scale factors - do not match WoW's workload, and likely the workload of other deployed DVEs. Alternate workload models are explored and preliminary conclusions presented. Using realistic workloads it is shown that a fully decentralized DVE cannot be deployed to today's consumers, regardless of its overhead. Residential broadband speeds are improving, and this limitation will eventually disappear. When it does, appropriate security mechanisms will be a fundamental requirement for technology adoption. A trusted auditing system ('Carbon') is presented which has good security, scalability, and resource characteristics for decentralized DVEs. When performing exhaustive auditing, Carbon adds 27% network overhead to a decentralized DVE with a WoW-like workload. This resource consumption can be reduced significantly, depending upon the DVE's risk tolerance. Finally, the Pairwise Random Protocol (PRP) is described. PRP enables adversaries to fairly resolve probabilistic activities, an ability missing from most decentralized DVE security proposals. Thus, this dissertations contribution is to address two of the obstacles for deploying research on decentralized DVE architectures. First, lack of evidence that research results apply to existing DVEs. Second, the lack of security systems combining appropriate security guarantees with acceptable overhead.

Background: Due to technological outbreak Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) has become very popular leisure time occupation for people of various age ranging from not only children to also mid-age gamers. Although computer gaming is not officially classified as a disorder within ICD-10, it shows obvious signs of behavioral disorder. Despite there is a great number of research within this area, there is still lack of unified definition and classification. In addition to numerous publications in this field, there is still a space for additional research. One of those areas to explore is an impact on partner life and relationship. Aims: The main objective of the thesis is to describe the impact of Massively Multiplayer Online gaming on partner relationship. Furthermore, the work will partially focus on the role of playing MMO games in a partnership and what the impact of playing Massively Multiplayer Online games are in the common social life of partners. Methods and sample size: Qualitative research, where data has been collected from semi-structured interview, has been chosen. Subsequently the data has been extrapolated by method of Grounded Theory. Sample size was chosen based on online questionnaire with 733 participants out of those there were 5 male gamers and 4 female partners. Results: The...

Der vorliegende Beitrag hat das Ziel, an bestehende Beiträge aus der Erholungsforschung anzuknüpfen und mittels einer qualitativen Interviewstudie zu eruieren, welchen Beitrag das Genre der MMORPGs für die Erholungsforschung liefern kann.

Two codes have been developed and implemented for use on massively parallelsuper computers to simulate two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence.The codes have been found to scale well with increasing resolution and width ofthe simulations. This has allowed for the highest resolution simulations of two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence so far reported in the literature.The direct numerical simulations have focused on the statistical characteristicsof turbulent cascades of energy and enstrophy, the role of coherent vorticesand departures from universal scaling laws, theoretized more than 40 yearsago. In particular, the investigations have concerned the enstrophy and energycascade in forced and decaying two-dimensional turbulence. Furthermore, theapplicability of Charney’s hypotheses on quasigeostrophic turbulence has beentested. The results have shed light on the flow evolution at very large Reynoldsnumbers. The most important results are the robustness of the enstrophycascade in forced and decaying two-dimensional turbulence, the unexpecteddependency on an infrared Reynolds number in the spectral scaling of theenergy spectrum in the inverse energy cascade, and the validation of Charney’spredictions on the dynamics of quasigeostrophic turbulence. It has also beenshown that the scaling of the energy spectrum in the enstrophy cascade isinsensitive to intermittency in higher order statistics, but that corrections mightapply to the ”universal” Batchelor-Kraichnan constant.

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<p>Two codes have been developed and implemented for use on massively parallelsuper computers to simulate two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence.The codes have been found to scale well with increasing resolution and width ofthe simulations. This has allowed for the highest resolution simulations of two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence so far reported in the literature.The direct numerical simulations have focused on the statistical characteristicsof turbulent cascades of energy and enstrophy, the role of coherent vorticesand departures from universal scaling laws, theoretized more than 40 yearsago. In particular, the investigations have concerned the enstrophy and energycascade in forced and decaying two-dimensional turbulence. Furthermore, theapplicability of Charney’s hypotheses on quasigeostrophic turbulence has beentested. The results have shed light on the flow evolution at very large Reynoldsnumbers. The most important results are the robustness of the enstrophycascade in forced and decaying two-dimensional turbulence, the unexpecteddependency on an infrared Reynolds number in the spectral scaling of theenergy spectrum in the inverse energy cascade, and the validation of Charney’spredictions on the dynamics of quasigeostrophic turbulence. It has also beenshown that the scaling of the energy spectrum in the enstrophy cascade isinsensitive to intermittency in higher order statistics, but that corrections mightapply to the ”universal” Batchelor-Kraichnan constant.</p>

Leukemia is the most common malignant disease in children patients. In our laboratory (CLIP) a novel subtype of B-cell precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL) with lineage switch during early phase of treatment towards myeloid lineage (swALL) was recently documented. SwALL incidence is almost 4 % of all BCP-ALLs (Slámová et al., 2014). DNA methylation (presence of 5-methylcytosine) is together with post-translational histone modifications and non- coding RNAs an epigenetic mechanism which regulates gene expression without changes of genetic code. DNA methylation is easily detected by bisulphite conversion and subsequent sequencing. The aim of this work was to compare genome-wide DNA methylation patterns between patients with swALL and control BCP-ALLs. The first step in achieving that was revision and improvement of bioinformatic processing protocol for eRRBS data from massive parallel sequencing. To improve the sequence adapter trimming I tested four bioinformatic tools - FAR, cutadapt, Trimmomatic and fastx_clipper. I implemented the fastest and most effective - Trimmomatic into the processing protocol. As a next step I analysed the data with improved protocol and extended the analysis in R programming environment where the comparison of studied groups was performed. The comparison of...

The spectral-element method (SEM) is used to study wall-bounded turbulent flowsin moderately complex geometries. The first part of the thesis is devoted to simulations of canonical flow cases, such as temporal K-type transitionand turbulent channel flow, to investigate general resolution requirements and computational efficiency of the numerical code nek5000. Large-eddy simulation (LES) is further performed of a plane asymmetric diffuser flow with an opening angle of 8.5 degrees, featuring turbulent flow separation. Good agreement with numerical studies of Herbst (2007) is obtained, and it is concluded that the use of a high-order method is advantageous for flows featuring pressure-induced separation. Moreover, it is shown, both a priori on simpler model problems and a posteriori using the full Navier--Stokes equations, that the numerical instability associated with SEM at high Reynolds numbers is cured either by employing over-integration (dealiasing) or a filter-based stabilisation, thus rendering simulations of moderate to high Reynolds number flows possible. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the first direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a truly three-dimensional, turbulent and separated diffuser flow at Re = 10 000 (based on bulk velocity and inflow-duct height), experimentally investigated by Cherry et al. (2008). The massively parallel capabilities of the spectral-element method are exploited by running the simulations on up to 32 768 processors. Very good agreement with experimental mean flow data is obtained and it is thus shown that well-resolved simulations of complex turbulent flows with high accuracy are possible at realistic Reynolds numberseven in complicated geometries. An explanation for the discovered asymmetry of the mean separated flow is provided and itis demonstrated that a large-scale quasi-periodic motion is present in the diffuser. In addition, a new diagnostic measure, based on the maximum vorticity stretching component in every spatial point, is designed and tested in a number of turbulent and transitional flows. Finally, Koopman mode decomposition is performed of a minimal channel flow and compared to classical proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). / QC 20111206