<p>Chatroom conversations often elicit an initial impression of chaos. This is probably chiefly due to disrupted adjacency sequences, but also a result of the language being rich in non-standard linguistic forms and grammar. This study explores chatroom conversations with reference to Grice’s (1975) cooperative principle and the maxims that accompany it, and compares them to real life conversations. The aim is to see whether they differ from real life conversations to the extent expected, and whether these differences give rise to any compensational strategies to ensure successful communication. The results reveal a slightly higher amount of maxim undermining in the chat room than in the real life conversations, but not as high as expected. Accordingly, few compensational strategies need be adopted. It is suggested that the main explanation for these findings is that chatroom users have adapted their conversation patterns to the medium.</p>

Slightly revised version of her dissertation (Ph. D.), Universität-Bremen, 1999--Cf. p. (7). / Anhang presents the aphorisms chiefly discussed, those by Jean Paul, Novalis, and Friedrich Schlegel. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-115).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2096249 bytes, checksum: 20b16a22a08a04ed2a906972bbc6e758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation presents the results of a research which aimed at investigating the semanticdiscursive functions of the violation of the Gricean Maxims, which generates indirect acts in texts advertising medicines. The hypothesis on which the work is based is that in texts advertising medicines the Gricean Maxims are not respected, thus generating indirect acts which could work as a strategy to sell the product. It was possible to notice that persuasion is sometimes achieved in an indirect way, i.e. the speaker considers his interlocutor when acting, suggesting implicit meanings which contribute to the success of the advertisement. In order to guarantee the intended effect, the advertising text is constructed through the use of as many non-observed maxims as possible, which generates indirect acts. These indirect acts guide interpretation towards the consumption of the product, the idea, the object of the message, which means that the non-observance of the maxims predetermines reading possibilities which aim to include the advertiser s intentions. The present investigation is essentially of a qualitative and interpretative nature and was based on the Cooperative Principle and Conversational Maxims, proposed by Grice (1982 [1975]), and on the Speech Acts Theory, according to Austin (1990 [1962] and Searle (2002, [1969]). The corpus consisted of advertisements of medicines published in the magazine Saúde! (Editora Abril), 2008 and 2009 issues, and shown on TV channels in 2008 and 2009. The advertisements were selected according to the recurrence of the non-observance of the maxims. This investigation discusses the production of indirect acts created by the non-observance of conversational maxims as a semantic-discursive resource. / Esta dissertação apresenta resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral investigar a(s) função(ões) semântico-discursiva(s) da quebra das máximas conversacionais gerando atos indiretos, em textos de propagandas de remédios. A hipótese que norteou a pesquisa é de que as máximas conversacionais, em textos de propagandas de remédios, são quebradas gerando atos indiretos que, por sua vez, podem funcionar como estratégias para vender o produto. Através das análises, constatamos que a persuasão, algumas vezes, acontece de forma indireta, ou seja, o locutor age em função de seu interlocutor insinuando sentidos implícitos que corroboram para o sucesso da propaganda vender o(s) medicamento(s). Para garantir o efeito pretendido, o texto da propaganda é construído com o maior número de quebra de máximas possível, que gera atos indiretos. Estes, por sua vez, dirigem a interpretação para o consumo do produto, da ideia, do objeto da mensagem, ou seja, a quebra das máximas predetermina possibilidades e direções de leitura(s) que visam à admissão das intenções do anunciante. Inserida em um enfoque essencialmente qualitativo e interpretativo, esta investigação pautou-se no Princípio de Cooperação e Máximas Conversacionais postuladas por Grice (1982 [1975]), e na Teoria dos Atos de Fala, conforme Austin (1990 [1962] e Searle (2002, [1969]). O corpus selecionado para nosso estudo consistiu em propagandas de remédios veiculadas na revista da Editora Abril Saúde! , edições dos anos de 2008 e 2009 e em canais de TV, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. As propagandas foram submetidas a uma triagem preliminar em função da recorrência de quebra de máximas. Esta investigação justifica-se por colocar em discussão a produção dos atos indiretos advindos de quebra de máximas conversacionais como recurso semântico-discursivo.

The aural development process is governed by the attitude of the teacher, student, the time factor, methodology employed and materials available. This process and the aforementioned contributing factors are explored within the context of the current requirements of the aural and practical musicianship examination syllabi of The Royal Schools of Music, Trinity College and UNISA. Suitable methods are explored which should develop skills enabling the student to deal with sounds and their corresponding symbols, first in isolation then within a musical context with attention to the curriculum, musical skills and personal development of the student within a positive learning situation. Four main areas of development are isolated i.e. rhythm, pitch, harmony and critical ear skills. A suitable development programme is presented in each area focusing on systematic skill development. / Musicology / M.Mus. (Musicology)

Chatroom conversations often elicit an initial impression of chaos. This is probably chiefly due to disrupted adjacency sequences, but also a result of the language being rich in non-standard linguistic forms and grammar. This study explores chatroom conversations with reference to Grice’s (1975) cooperative principle and the maxims that accompany it, and compares them to real life conversations. The aim is to see whether they differ from real life conversations to the extent expected, and whether these differences give rise to any compensational strategies to ensure successful communication. The results reveal a slightly higher amount of maxim undermining in the chat room than in the real life conversations, but not as high as expected. Accordingly, few compensational strategies need be adopted. It is suggested that the main explanation for these findings is that chatroom users have adapted their conversation patterns to the medium.

The words and messages in apps are part of a conversation between people and their technology that we take part in every day. As technology becomes increasingly embedded into our daily lives, we form relationships with our devices and our apps. While we might think of these relationships as different, our behaviors and interactions with technology are still shaped by the social world, and these messages found in apps are based on existing patterns in face-to-face conversation. UX writing is the process of creating these messages in user experiences, which facilitate people's social interactions between apps and other digital products. Interacting with apps and other digital products is inherently social, and by using conversational language as a driving component of UX writing and Human-Computer Interaction, we can also cast User Experience (UX) as a type of communicative exchange between a person and an app, and therefore User Experience (UX) as conversation. Through qualitative interviews and usability testing with native and non-native English speakers, this research explores what type of language style works best for a global audience in these conversations with our apps and how we can strategically apply conversational patterns to improve the experience of users. Abstrakt Slova a zprávy v...

The conversational maxims are guidelines to how a conversation should be conducted, but sometimes these maxims can be broken for different reasons. The aim of this thesis is to identify breakings of the conversational maxims in the crime drama Blindspot and to study which maxims are broken, for what purpose the maxims are broken and if there are any changes to the number of maxims broken between different seasons of the series. The results show that the maxim of quantity is most frequently broken in the episode from season one and the maxim of quality is broken most frequently in the episodes from season three and five. Some of the reasons for the breakings are sarcasm used for a comedic effect, not giving enough information to keep the viewers in suspense and as a way to change the subject or focus of a conversation.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the way the flouting of the Gricean maxims is used to portray a fictional character with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study analyzes a character named Sam Gardner from the television series Atypical. The study is based on written transcripts from six episodes of the TV series and was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. The methodology of the study involved transcribing, counting, and analyzing the flouts used by Sam in these six episodes. The results suggest that Sam flouts all the maxims but flouts the maxim of relation most, with a total of 22 flouts, which can cause a problem in communication. Sam does not follow the maxim of relation as he tends to abruptly change the conversational topic to something else. In many cases, he changes the topic to something he is interested in, which is Antarctica and penguins. The second most dominant maxim in all six episodes to be flouted was the maxim of quantity, with a total of 15 flouts, as he gave either too much or too little information to the listener. The results of Sam’s limited pragmatic abilities fall into agreement with Fein’s (2010) claim that ASD individuals have pragmatic language deficits as they struggle to stay on topic and incorporate irrelevant details in conversations. This study further discusses how analyzing neurodivergent characters’ speech patterns can benefit teachers and students in a pedagogical setting.

The master's thesis Politics, Media and Manipulation: Political Journalism and Pragmatic Linguistics examines contemporary Czech publicized political communication using pragmatic analysis. It focuses on topics like power, ideology and self-presentation of the political participants in the media. It is also concerned with the framing of media communication and with the communication strategies that the political participants and journalists use. The research was conducted with the use of quantitative pragmatic analysis. Each sample was examined from many different angles. In this thesis, pragmatic phenomenon are examined like the function of the statements, speech acts, intertextuality, conversational maxims, the use and violation of speech etiquette, presupposition, conversational implicatures, deixis, and reference. The semiotic analysis and the examination of the context, from which the analyzed media texts originated, is involved as well. Journalistic texts from different types of media from the time of the first Czech direct presidential election have been chosen as samples for the analysis. The goal of the thesis is to design a complex pragmatic analysis and describe the used communication strategies of the participants.

Anna Šmilauerová: TV Sitcom Friends: Analysis of character humor strategies based on the violation of Grice's Conversational maxims Abstract The purpose of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the humor strategies employed by the characters of Phoebe and Chandler in the TV Sitcom Friends. The discovered prevailing strategies were then compared with the personalities of the two characters. The data analyzed were the written script of five exemplary episodes from the Season 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, in which the utterances eliciting laughter from the audience were thoroughly analyzed from the point of Grice's Cooperative Principle: only those utterances were considered in which the characters violated one or more of the conversational maxims (quality, quantity, relation and manner). Phoebe was found to violate most often the maxim of relation, thus it is her being non-factual and non-conventional that constitutes her most entertaining quality. As she develops and grows more mature as a character, the frequency counts of this humor strategy evince a descending tendency. Chandler, on the other hand, is mostly being ironic, violating the maxim of quality. His character also gradually changes but his sense of humor remains the same - ironic throughout the show, as follows from the instances of almost fixed frequency....