The intent with this paper is to investigate the medieval habitation in central Old Uppsala. This time-period has over the years been neglected. Therefore I wish to summarize and ana-lyze the medieval habitation to see what can be said about its continuity, and also to investi-gate why it is located in certain areas. Due to the amount of source material I have limited my investigation area to the central Old Uppsala. It is possible that this limitation will affect the result of the research but without the limitations the investigation area would have been too large to handle. The source material has been collected from excavation reports and the summarized. My theory is material culture and material agency. It is the material culture that I analyze. The result of the investigation is that it is possible to see a continuity of the habitation in the area but that it’s hard to get an exact date on many of the structures. One of the reasons for this is because of how the medieval time period have been handled by archaeologist. As to where in the landscape the buildings have been placed there seem to be some places that have been avoided and others that have a long continuity of buildings over time. / Gamla Uppsala - framväxten av ett mytiskt centrum

During the years 2006-2010 Gotland University conducted seminars excavations in Västergarn parish on Gotland. Inside the wall a total of six house foundations have been found and a total of 127 combs have been registered. This thesis is based on a material study of the 127 registered medieval combs. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the combs and with their chronology illuminate in which period the society of Västergarn was active. And also to find out what the material remains can tell us about the place and its people. The questions concern the dating and chronology of the combs, and also how analyzing the combs can provide additional information to Västergarn. The method used is a comparative material - and literature study. The result of the analyze is that the combs are from the transitional period of the Viking - Medieval age, 900- 1100th century. A variety of nine different types could be distinguished. I believe that through an osteological –, and contextual spatial analysis and a comparative material study of the combs more information on the site can be presented.

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This essay is an analysis of the objects made of bronze found in an excavation Västergarn parish, Gotland, in 2010, conducted by the University of Gotland. The studied material presented in this essay comes from contexts inside, as well as nearby the foundation of a medieval building which purpose is still not certain. The first purpose of this study is to present the bronze-objects found inside and nearby the foundation of house 6, and to see if there are any datable objects. There is also a discussion whether there has been any bronze-crafting in the area. The second purpose is to make a contextual analysis to see if there are any differences between the material found outside and inside of the building, and what conclusions can be made regarding the function and use of the building. A spatial analysis has also been made to distinguish any patterns of the distribution of material inside and around the house.The result of this essay is partly a presentation of the material, but also that there has occurred some bronze-crafting in the form of cutting metal sheets inside or near the foundation treated in this essay. There is no evidence for casting bronze near the house foundation.The frequency of finds from outside the foundation compared to the frequency of finds within the foundation is nearly quadruple, which is to be expected since there probably has been a wooden floor inside the house to prevent all but the tiniest objects from falling through. Objects that landed on the floor were cleaned out, just to land near the entrance of the building. The finds from within the building much resembles the finds from outside the building, and the distribution-patterns of the trench indicates that the entrance to the building probably was located near the north-west corner or near the south-east corner.Hopefully, this study contributes another piece to the great puzzle that is Västergarn.

La recherche de l’eau a été une nécessité, depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours. Au Proche-Orient, la répartition des ressources en l’eau est très inégale et les précipitations sont presque partout insuffisantes. L’homme a développé des systèmes de captage, d’accumulation, d’adduction, d’élévation et de distribution de l’eau de plus en plus variés et élaborés. Les Assyriens, les Grecs, les Nabatéens et les Romains ont transmis ces acquis à l’Orient médiéval que les savants musulmans développeront comme une science et appliqueront dans divers régions. Le jardin, comme l’irrigation des champs et l’approvisionnement des villes et villages, exige des ressources en eau permanente. Notre étude, qui cherchait à vérifier si l’acquisition et la distribution de celle-ci exigeaient une organisation différente et des techniques particulières, apporte une réponse négative. Ce sont aussi ces mêmes systèmes qui alimentent les cités en eau courante ; les techniques ont peu changé, tout comme leur utilisation. En revanche, nous nous sommes rendu compte que le jardin – dont la fonction a changé – passant de l’enclos sacré des temples de l’Antiquité à un espace d’agrément et de prestige, a suscité la créativité des hydrauliciens, médiévaux surtout, et modernes, au service de l’élite. Comme souligné dans cette recherche, certaines techniques ont été mises en œuvre dans diverses régions, parfois dans les plus répulsives, peut-être par défi. À des fins esthétiques et ludiques, les savants ont inventé des bassins élaborés, jeux d’eau et fontaines, ce que nous apprennent les sources textuelles ; malheureusement, les témoins archéologiques sont très pauvres à cet égard. En effet, l’exemple de la noria semble être mieux documenté que d’autres systèmes. Nous pouvons cependant montrer que le jardin de l’élite, l’évolution de son concept et de ses formes, a été un puissant stimulant pour le développement des techniques hydrauliques. / The research of water has always been a necessity, since Antiquity to the present days. In the Middle-East, the distribution of resources is quite unequal and the precipitations are almost insufficient everywhere. Mankind developed more and more various and elaborated systems for water channeling, accumulating, adduction, elevation and supply. Assyrians, Greeks, Nabateans and Romans transmitted their knowledge to the Medieval Middle-East, then developed by Muslim intellectuals as a science and applied in numerous regions. The garden, like fields, cities or villages supply, requires permanent water resources. I intended to verify if water origin and distribution necessitated a different organization and specific techniques, my study show they did not. There are different systems for supplying water for cities; techniques softly changed, as their use. However, I realized the garden, whose function changed and which firstly was a temple sacred enclosure during the Antiquity, became an ornamental and prestigious area, then aroused medieval and modern hydraulic engineers’ creativity at the service of the elite. We underlined, in this research, several techniques used in various regions, occasionally the most arid ones, perhaps as a challenge. For aesthetic and playful aims, according to the texts, the scientists invented elaborated ponds, water games and fountains; unfortunately, archaeological vestiges are very rare. Indeed, the example of the noria seems to be better documented than any other systems. Nonetheless, I show the elite gardens, its concept and layout evolution, was a stimulating element for hydraulic techniques development.