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During the years 2006-2010 Gotland University conducted seminars excavations in Västergarn parish on Gotland. Inside the wall a total of six house foundations have been found and a total of 127 combs have been registered. This thesis is based on a material study of the 127 registered medieval combs. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the combs and with their chronology illuminate in which period the society of Västergarn was active. And also to find out what the material remains can tell us about the place and its people. The questions concern the dating and chronology of the combs, and also how analyzing the combs can provide additional information to Västergarn. The method used is a comparative material - and literature study. The result of the analyze is that the combs are from the transitional period of the Viking - Medieval age, 900- 1100th century. A variety of nine different types could be distinguished. I believe that through an osteological –, and contextual spatial analysis and a comparative material study of the combs more information on the site can be presented.

From a hermeneutic perspective, a qualitative study based on interviews of six musicians has been conducted. The informants work or have worked in orchestras with hierarchical or non- hierarchical structure. The asked questions concerned the informants’ experiences of equality, interaction, motivation, their personal musical development and the quality of the orchestra’s performance. The biggest differences that were noticed concerned the perceived degree of equality, which was higher in the non-hierarchical orchestra. Furthermore, the psychosocial environment correlates with equality in the orchestra and is thus a structural issue. All the informants stated that the best musical performance can be achieved in a hierarchical orchestra, in which all musicians play the part they auditioned to. Contrary to the results from the interviews, the literature used in this study states that the best musical quality is achieved in orchestras with a non-hierarchical structure. / Med utgångspunkt i ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv har en kvalitativ studie genomförts, med intervjuer av sex musiker. Dessa arbetar eller har arbetat i hierarkisk eller icke- hierarkisk orkesterstruktur. Frågorna som ställts har handlat om informanternas upplevelse av jämlikhet, samspel, motivation, den egna musikaliska utvecklingen samt det musikaliska resultatet i orkestern. De skillnader som var störst framkom i upplevelsen av jämlikhet, som upplevdes starkast i den icke-hierarkiska orkestern. Den psykosociala miljön relateras till jämlikheten i orkestern och är således en strukturell fråga. En gemensam åsikt som framkom i undersökningen var att det bästa musikaliska resultatet uppnås i den hierarkiska orkesterstrukturen där alla spelar den stämma de har provspelat sig till och således spelar med högsta möjliga nivå. De exemplen från litteraturen som tas upp visar dock en annan bild av hög musikalisk nivå, som uppnås i orkestrar med icke-hierarkisk struktur.

This essay deals with combs typological developments in shape and apperance during the Migration period and Vendel period, 400 - 700 A.D. as well as their meaning and function in society. The importance of combs mentioned in folklore and mythologies, with focus on both life and death. The combs and their significance are put into an everyday context, from begin a functional object to be a social status carrying symbol in society.

Medical imaging based on radioactive tracers exposes the patient to radiation. For this reason, a phantom is preferably used for non-clinical studies such as routine quality assurance and research. The aim of this project was to design, build and test a multi-compartment phantom to be used in dynamic SPECT/CT, PET/CT and PET/MRI studies. By treating each compartment as a biological system and plotting activity distribution, desired characteristics of the phantom can be obtained. A software program was created to simulate compartment activity distribution for different input parameters. Such parameters include number of compartments, administered activity, flow rates between compartments and compartment volume. Based on the simulation, the phantom was designed to meet the desired characteristics. Due to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, no phantom could be built nor tested. Consequently, leading the project to create a foundation that facilitates future building of the phantom. / Medicinsk avbildning med radioaktiva spårämnen utsätter patienter för en stråldos. Av detta skäl används företrädesvis en fantom för icke-kliniska studier såsom rutinmässig kvalitetssäkring och forskning. Syftet med detta projekt var att designa, bygga och testa ett flerkammarfantom som ska användas i dynamiska SPECT/CT, PET/CT och PET/MRI studier. Genom att behandla varje kammare som ett biologiskt system och plotta aktivitetsfördelning kan önskade egenskaper hos fantomen erhållas. Ett program skapades för att simulera aktivitetsdistributionen i flerkammarfantomer för olika in parametrar så som antal kammare, administrerad aktivitet, flöden mellan kammare och kammarvolym. Baserat på simuleringen utformades fantomen för att uppfylla de önskade egenskaperna. På grund av utbrottet av SARS-CoV-2 viruset kunde ingen fantom byggas eller testas. Följaktligen leddes projektet till att skapa en grund som underlättar framtida byggande av fantomen.