Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of Additive Manufacturing is an attractive fabrication method that employs CAD data to selectively melt the metal powder layer by layer via a laser beam and produce a 3D part. This method not only opens a new window in overcoming traditional NiTi fabrication problems but also for producing porous or complex shaped structures. The combination of SLM fabrication advantages with the unique properties of NiTi alloys, such as shape memory effect, superelasticity, high ductility, work output, corrosion, biocompatibility, etc. makes SLM NiTi alloys extremely promising for numerous applications. The SLM process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, spacing, and strategy used during the fabrication are determinant factors in composition, microstructural features and functional properties of the SLM NiTi alloy. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic study has been conducted over Ni50.8 Ti49.2 (at%) alloy to understand the influence of each parameter individually. It was found that a sharp [001] texture is formed as a result of SLM fabrication which leads to improvements in the superelastic response of the alloy. It was perceived that transformation temperatures, microstructure, hardness, the intensity of formed texture and the correlated thermo-mechanical response are changed substantially with alteration of each parameter. The provided knowledge will allow choosing optimized parameters for tailoring the functional features of SLM fabricated NiTi alloys. Without going through any heat treatments, 5.77% superelasticity with more than 95% recovery ratio was obtained in as-fabricated condition only with the selection of right process parameters. Additionally, thermal treatments can be utilized to form precipitates in Ni-rich SLM NiTi alloys fabricated by low energy density. Precipitation could significantly alter the matrix composition, transformation temperatures and strain, critical stress for transformation, and shape memory response of the alloy. Therefore, a systematic aging study has been performed to reveal the effects of aging time and temperature. It was found that although SLM fabricated samples show lower strength than the initial ingot, heat treatments can be employed to make significant improvements in shape memory response of SLM NiTi. Up to 5.5% superelastic response and perfect shape memory effect at stress levels up to 500 MPa was observed in solutionized Ni-rich SLM NiTi after 18h aging at 350ºC. For practical application, transformation temperatures were even adjusted without solution annealing and superelastic response of 5.5% was achieved at room temperature for 600C-1.5hr aged Ni-rich SLM NiTi. The effect of porosity on strength and cyclic response of porous SLM Ni50.1 Ti49.9 (at%) were investigated for potential bone implant applications. It is shown that mechanical properties of samples such as elastic modulus, yield strength, and ductility of samples are highly porosity level and pore structure dependent. It is shown that it is feasible to decrease Young’s modulus of the SLM NiTi up to 86% by adding porosity to reduce the mismatch with that of a bone and still retain the shape memory response of SLM fabricated NiTi. The shape memory effect, as well as superelastic response of porous SLM Ni50.8Ti49.2,were also investigated at body temperature. 32 and 45% porous samples with similar behaviors, recovered 3.5% of 4% deformation at first cycle. The stabilized superelastic response was obtained after clicking experiments.

Fresh water shortage and hot weather are common challenges in many countries of the world. In the other hand, the air conditioning systems which are used for indoor cooling cause peak electricity demand during high temperatures hours. This peak hour demand is very important since it is more expensive and mainly is supplied by fossil fuel power plants with lower efficiencies compare to base load fossil fuel or renewable owe plants. Moreover, these peak electricity load fossil fuel power plants cause higher green house gas emission and other environmental effects. So, all these show that any solution for these problems could make life better in those countries and all over the world.In this thesis, a new idea for a Power storage, Cooling storage, and Water production Combined Cycle (PCWCC) is introduced and reviewed. PCWCC is combination of two thermal cycles, Ice Thermal Energy Storage (ITES) and desalination by freezing cycle, which are merged together to make a total solution for fresh water shortage, required cooling, and high peak power demand. ITES is a well known technology for shifting the electricity demand of cooling systems from peak hours to off-peak hours and desalination by freezing is a less known desalination system which is based on the fact that the ice crystals are pure and by freezing raw water and melting resulted ice crystals, pure water will be produced. These two systems have some common processes and equations and this thesis shows that by combining them the resulted PCWCC could be more efficient than each of them. In this thesis, the thermodynamic equations and efficiencies of each PCWCC sub-systems are analyzed and the resulted data are used in finding thermodynamics of PCWCC itself. Also, by using reMIND software, which uses Cplex to find the best combinations of input/output and related processes, the cost of produced fresh water and cooling from PCWCC is compared with total cost of fresh water and cooling produced by each sub-systems of PCWCC in three sample cities all over the world, Kerman, Dubai, and Texas. These cities are chosen since they have similar ambient temperature trend with different electricity and fresh water tariff's. The results show that, the PCWCC is economical where there is a significant electricity price difference between ice charging and ice melting hours, off-peak and peak hours, of the day or when the fresh water price is high compare to electricity price. The results also show that how the revenue from fresh water could cover the used electricity cost and make some income as well.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the Czech Republic. In general, there are two molecular pathways leading to CRC: one is characterized by chromosomal instability, the other by the deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MutL homologue 1 (MLH1) gene, a member of the MMR gene-family, represents a key component of the MMR system, responsible for recognition of nucleotide mismatches occurring during DNA replication, and for the recruitment of repair proteins to correct the replication errors. According to literature, somatic mutations in MMR genes, and MLH1 in particular, hallmark sporadic, MMR deficient, CRC cases. We aimed at analyzing somatic events in MLH1 gene and the determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) status in 99 DNA samples from 96 patients with sporadic CRC. Mutations were screened by high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. Positive cases in each run were subsequently verified by automated sequencing. Mainly gene variants were found in MLH1 gene: We discovered two new variants, one in exon 2 at position c. 204 C>G, p. Ile68Met (98 C/C, 1C/G) and the other in exon 11 at position c. 973 C>T, p. Arg325Trp (98 C/C, 1 C/T). Only the latter variant c. 973 C>T was identified as somatic mutation. All other variants found in MLH1 gene...

Das Hochtemperaturverhalten beeinflusst viele verschiedene Prozesse von der Materialherstellung bis hin zur technologischen Anwendung. In-situ Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) bietet die Möglichkeit, die atomaren Prozesse während struktureller Phasenübergänge direkt und in Realzeit zu beobachten. In dieser Arbeit wurde in-situ TEM angewendet, um die Reversibilität des Schmelz- und Kristallisationsprozesses, sowie das anisotropen Sublimationsverhaltens von Ge-Sb-Te (GST) Dünnschichten zu untersuchen. Die gezielte Probenpräparation für die erfolgreiche Beobachtung der Hochtemperatur-Phasenübergänge wird hervorgehoben. Die notwendige Einkapselung für die Beobachtung der Flüssigphase unter Vakuumbedingungen und die erforderliche sauberer Oberfläche für den Sublimationsprozess werden detailliert beschrieben. Außerdem wird die Elektronenenergieverlustspektroskopie eingesetzt um die lokale chemische Zusammensetzung vor und nach den Übergängen zu bestimmen. Die Untersuchung der Grenzflächenstruktur und Dynamik sowohl beim Phasenübergang fest-flüssig als auch flüssig-fest zeigt Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Vorgängen. Die trigonale Phase von GST weist beim Schmelzen eine teilweise geordnete Übergangszone an der fest-flüssig-Grenzfläche auf, während ein solcher Zwischenzustand bei der Erstarrung nicht entsteht. Außerdem läuft der Schmelzvorgang zeitlich linear ab, während die Kristallisation durch eine Wurzelabhängigkeit von der Zeit mit überlagerter Start-Stopp-Bewegung beschrieben werden kann. Der Einfluss der Substrat-Grenzfläche wird diskutiert und die Oberflächenenergie von GST bestimmt. Die anisotrope Dynamik führt beim Phasenübergang fest-gasförmig der kubischen Phase von GST zur Ausbildung stabiler {111} Facetten. Dies erfolgt über die Bildung von Kinken und Stufen auf stabilen Terrassen. Die Keimbildungsrate und die bevorzugten Keimbildungsorte der Kinken wurden identifiziert und stimmen mit den Voraussagen des Terrassen-Stufen-Kinken Modells überein. / High-temperature behavior influence many different processes ranging from material processing to device applications. In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides the means for direct observation of atomic processes during structural phase transitions in real time. In this thesis, in-situ TEM is applied to investigate the reversibility of the melting and solidification processes as well as the anisotropic sublimation behavior of Ge-Sb-Te (GST) thin films. The purposeful sample preparation for the successful observation of the high-temperature phase transitions is emphasized. The required encapsulation for the observation of the liquid phase inside the vacuum conditions and the necessary clean surface for sublimation process are discussed in detail. Additionally electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the TEM is used to determine the local chemical composition before and after the phase transitions. The analysis of the interface structure and dynamic during the solid-to-liquid as well as the liquid-to-solid phase transition shows differences between both processes. The trigonal phase of GST exhibits a partially ordered transition zone at the solid-liquid interface during melting while such an intermediate state does not form during solidification. Additionally the melting process proceeds with linear dependence on time, whereas crystallization can be described as having a square-root time-dependency featuring a superimposed start-stop motion. The influence of the interface is addressed and the surface energies of GST are determined. The anisotropic dynamic of the solid-to-gas phase transition of the cubic GST phase leads to the formation of stable {111} facets. This happens via kink and step nucleation on stable terraces. The nucleation rates and the preferred kink nucleation sites are identified and are in accordance with the predictions of terrace-step-kink model.

O resíduo estudado neste trabalho é originado do processo de obtenção de alumínio metálico, de grande interesse no Brasil pelo fato do país ser detentor de algumas das maiores reservas do mineral bauxita no mundo, utilizado como fonte de alumínio. Tendo como estratégia a geração de resíduo zero, colaborando para as tecnologias ambientalmente amigáveis, este trabalho estuda a incorporação de um resíduo resultante da recuperação de alumínio presente na escória gerada durante o processo de produção primária do alumínio metálico, por plasma térmico. Utilizando-se o diagrama de equilíbrio de fases do sistema Al2O3-CaO-SiO2, fez-se a adequação das composições visando a incorporação de resíduo no produto cerâmico sem alterar as características de processamento do material. A obtenção de vidros e de fritas vitrocerâmicas com o resíduo borra branca foi realizada fazendo-se a fusão das composições calculadas e, para os vitrocerâmicos, tratamento térmico posterior de devitrificação. Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados utilizando-se técnicas de análise tais como difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia do infravermelho (FTIR). Foi possível obter material vitrocerâmico com até 30% de resíduo de alumínio, após a fusão a 1300°C e devitrificação a 900°C. Em adição, o resíduo demonstrou ser um promissor material auxiliar na formação de fases cristalinas em baixos tempos de tratamento térmico. / This work studies the residue obtained from the process of aluminum metal extraction activities, a great interest process, because of Brazil own some of the biggest bauxite mineral reserves in all the world. As a useful choice for no residue generation, and a support for environmentally friendly technologies, this work studies the white dross residue (WDR), from the process of aluminum metal reduction by thermal plasma. The phase equilibrium diagram of Al2O3-Ca O-SiO2 system was used to calculate the compositions. The WDR were incorporated in a ceramic product without modifying its principal characteristics. The fusion and devitrification treatments were studied. XRD (X-ray diffractometry), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FTIR (transformed Fourier infrared) were used to investigate the glass and glassceramic samples. These techniques showed that is possible to get glassceramic with up to 30 mass% of WDR after molten at 1300 deg C and annealed at 900 deg C. In addition, the WDR showed to be a promising material in attainment of crystalline phases in less times of heat treatment for annealing.

Abstract This thesis describes a detailed investigation of new glass 10Li₂O−10Na₂O−20K₂O−60MoO₃ (LNKM), ceramic (α-MoO₃) and ceramic-commercial glass (PZ29-GO17, rutile TiO₂-GO17) composites to satisfy the future requirements for ultra-low fabrication temperature materials and their associated processes. The initial part of the thesis is devoted to the development of the LNKM glass by a glass-melting and quenching process, followed by an investigation into its structural, microstructural and microwave dielectric properties. The prepared glass had ultra-low glass transition and melting temperatures of 198 and 350 °C, respectively. The glass pellet heat-treated at 300 °C had a relative permittivity (εr) of 4.85 and a dielectric loss (tan δ) of 0.0009 at 9.9 GHz. The temperature dependence of the relative permittivity was (τε) 291 ppm/°C. Another part of the work concerns α-MoO₃ ceramic, its preparation by uniaxial pressing and sintering at 650 °C followed by an investigation of its structural, microstructural, thermal and microwave dielectric properties. It had an εr of 6.6, tan δ of 0.00013 (at 9.9 GHz) and τε of 140 ppm/°C. In addition to this, a functional ultra-low temperature co-fired composite was developed based on commercial PZ29 and 50 wt.% of GO17 glass followed by tape casting and co-firing with Ag at 450 °C. The average values of the piezoelectric (d₃₃) and voltage (g₃₃) coefficients were 17 pC/N and 30 mV/N, respectively. The sintered sample had an average CTE value of 6.9 ppm/°C measured in the temperature range of 100–300 °C. The εr and tan δ of the sintered substrates were 57.8 and 0.05 at 2.4 GHz, respectively. Additionally, a new ceramic-glass composite was developed using rutile TiO₂-GO17, and co-fired with Ag at 400 °C. It had an average CTE value of 8.3 ppm/°C measured in the temperature range of 100–300 °C. This composite substrate showed εr of 15.5 and tan δ 0.003, at 9.9 GHz. Moreover, it also had τε of -400 ppm/°C at 9.9 GHz measured in the temperature range of −40 to 80 °C. The findings of the thesis reveal the feasibility of the ultra-low temperature co-fired ceramic (ULTCC) technology for high-frequency telecommunication devices as well as for electronics packages. Additionally, a first step to develop functional ULTCC has been taken. / Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa kuvataan uuden lasin 10Li₂O−10Na₂O−20K₂O−60MoO₃ (LNKM), keraamin (α-MoO₃) sekä keraami-lasi (PZ29-GO17, rutiili TiO₂-GO17) komposiittien tutkimustulokset, jotka mahdollistavat tulevaisuuden sähkökeraamisten materiaalien ja komponenttien valmistuksen ultra-matalissa valmistuslämpötiloissa. Väitöskirjan alkuosa keskittyy LNKM lasin kehitykseen lasin sulatus- ja karkaisuprosessilla, sekä tämän materiaalin mikrorakenteen sekä mikroaaltoalueen dielektristen ominaisuuksien tarkasteluun. Valmistetulla lasilla oli ultra-matala lasittumislämpötila 198 °C sekä sulamislämpötila 350 °C. Lasipelletin, joka lämpökäsiteltiin 300 °C:ssa, suhteellinen permittiivisyys (εr) oli 4,85 ja dielektriset häviöt (tan δ) 0,0009 9,9 GHz taajuudella. Suhteellisen permittiivisyyden lämpötilariippuvuus (τε) oli 291 ppm/°C. Toinen osa työtä käsittelee α-MoO₃ keraamia, josta valmistettiin näytteet mikrorakenne ja mikroaaltoalueen dielektristen ominaisuuksien tutkimuksiin aksiaalisella puristuksella ja sintraamalla 650 °C:ssa. Valmistetun materiaalin suhteellinen permittiivisyys oli 6,6, häviöt 0,00013 (9,9 GHz:ssa) ja permittiivisyyden lämpötilariippuvuus 140 ppm/°C. Näiden lisäksi kehitettiin toiminnallinen ultra-matalan lämpötilan yhteissintrattu komposiitti perustuen kaupalliseen pietsosähköiseen keraamiin (PZ29) ja lasiin (GO17). Komposiitista valmistetiin monikerrosrakenne nauhavalulla ja yhteissintraamalla hopeaelektrodien kanssa 450 °C:ssa. Keskimääräiset arvot pietsosähköiselle varausvakiolle (d₃₃) sekä jännitevakiolle (g₃₃) olivat 17 pC/N ja 30 mV/N. Sintratun näytteen keskimääräinen lämpölaajenemiskerroin oli 8,3 ppm/°C lämpötila-alueella 100–300 °C. Tämän komposiittisubstraatin suhteellinen permittiivisyys oli 15,5 ja häviötangentti 0,003 9,9 GHz:n taajuudella. Lisäksi suhteellisen permittiivisyyden lämpötilariippuvuus oli -400 ppm/°C samalla 9,9 GHz:n taajuudella, kun lämpötilan mittausalue oli −40–80 °C. Tämän väitöstyön tulokset osoittavat ultra-matalan lämpötilan yhteissintrattavan keraamiteknologian (ULTCC) soveltuvuuden korkean taajuuden tietoliikennesovelluksiin ja elektroniikan pakkausteknologiaan. Lisäksi työssä on otettu ensimmäiset askeleet funktionaalisten ULTCC materiaalien kehittämiseksi.

L’évolution tardive du Domaine Sud Armoricain (segment de la chaîne Varisque Ouest Européenne), se traduit par un effondrement gravitaire de la croûte préalablement épaissie dans un contexte tectonique extensif. Cette extension s’accompagne, dans tout le domaine, d’une fusion partielle de la croûte moyenne à inférieure et de l’exhumation des roches métamorphiques issues de niveaux crustaux profonds. L’approche pluridisciplinaire conduite dans cette étude permet de proposer un calendrier précis de la fusion crustale et d’étudier les mécanismes de la déformation responsable de l’exhumation de la croûte moyenne à inférieure. Une des démarches adoptées associe l’identification structurale et cinématique précise des témoins de l’étirement et leur datation multiméthodes (U-Th/Pb sur monazite, et A/Ar sur micas). Dans la partie occidentale du Domaine Sud Armoricain, cette approche permet ainsi de documenter un continuum de déformation extensive durant plus de 20 Ma, qui accompagne en partie l’exhumation des roches de haut grade qui elle, se développe entre 325 Ma et 300 Ma. L’étude géophysique, combinant ASM et gravimétrie, permet en outre de caractériser la structure interne et la géométrie en profondeur du complexe granitique de Carnac, dont la mise en place apparaît être le témoin du stade le plus précoce de ce continuum. La fusion partielle des migmatites et la mise en place des plutons granitiques, interprétées à la fois comme le moteur et la conséquence de l’étirement et de l’exhumation, est estimée entre 335 Ma et 320 Ma. Cette anatexie généralisée apparaît synchrone à l’échelle de tout le domaine, ce qui permet un regard nouveau sur les stades tardi-orogéniques du Domaine Sud Armoricain. L’étude de la déformation extensive et de l’exhumation dans les portions occidentale et orientale, met en évidence des contrastes de style tectonique, suggérant une exhumation plus importante des parties orientales du Domaine Sud Armoricain. / The late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican Domain (West European Variscan Belt), 0is characterized by a gravitational collapse of the thickened crust in an extensional tectonic setting. In the entire domain, this stage is coeval with a generalized crustal melting of the middle to lower crust, and with the exhumation of the deep metamorphic rocks. This multidisciplinary study allows us to put geochronological constraints on the crustal partial melting events and to analyse the deformation mechanisms responsible for the exhumation of the metamorphic rocks. One of the scientific approaches was to combine the structural and kinematic analyses of the extensional deformation, and their dating (monazite U-Th/Pb chemical and mica Ar/Ar methods). In a western part of the South Armorican Domain, this approach allows us to highlight a continuum of deformation of 20 Ma, coeval with the metamorphic rocks exhumation between 325 Ma and 300 Ma. The geophysical study of the Carnac granitic complex, using ASM and gravity surveys, allows us to define the internal structure of the granite and its deep geometry. The emplacement of this granitic complex is interpreted as the marker of the earliest stage of the extensional continuum. The migmatite partial melting and the emplacement of granitic plutons, interpreted both as the triggering factor and as the consequence of the crustal stretching and of the exhumation, is estimated between 335 Ma and 320 Ma. This generalized anatexis, synchronous in the entire domain, provides a renewed view on the late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican Domain. The structural study of the extensional deformation and the exhumation processes in the western and eastern parts argue for contrasted tectonics, suggesting a most important exhumation in the eastern parts of the South Armorican Domain.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as propriedades mecânicas e a caracterização microestrutural de espécimes da liga de Co-Cr-Mo obtidos por manufatura aditiva fusão seletiva a laser (do inglês Selective Laser Melting SLM) e por fundição de precisão, visando a confecção de próteses odontológicas. A partir de pós de Co-Cr-Mo atomizados a gás foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: 1) investigação das propriedades físicas, químicas e térmicas dos pós atomizados em diferentes faixas granulométricas (denominadas: D1 < 15 &mu;m, D2 de 20-50 &mu;m e D3 > 75 &mu;m); 2) confecção de espécimes, em dimensões padronizadas, por meio das técnicas de consolidação; 3) caracterização dos consolidados por análise de: citotoxicidade, porosidade, difração de raios X e dilatometria; 4) caracterização mecânica de tração, flexão em três pontos, dureza (macro e micro Vickers) e caracterização microestrutural (microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura). De modo geral, os resultados obtidos foram: a granulometria D2 (20-50 &mu;m) é a que melhor se enquadra nas análises de empacotamento para a consolidação por meio de SLM; a biocompatibilidade das amostras obteve resultado positivo para ambas técnicas de processamento; a avaliação mecânica dos espécimes evidencia que a técnica de fusão seletiva a laser propicia propriedades mecânicas (tensão de escoamento, tensão de ruptura, tensão máxima, alongamento e dureza) superiores as obtidas pela técnica de fundição de precisão; a microestrutura obtida pelo processo SLM é composta por grãos ultrafinos e de elevada homogeneidade química. Conclui-se que, o desenvolvimento do presente estudo evidenciou que na fabricação de componentes odontológicos customizados (coroas) a técnica SLM apresenta qualidade superior quando comparada a fundição de precisão. / The objective of this work was to study the mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of specimens of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy obtained by additive manufacturing -selective laser melting (SLM) and precision casting aiming at the manufacture of dental prostheses. The following steps were carried out on Co-Cr-Mo gas-atomized powders: 1) investigation of the physical, chemical and thermal properties of atomized powders in different grain sizes (denominated: D1 <15 &mu;m, D2 20-50 &mu;m and D3 > 75 &mu;m); 2) the consolidation of standard specimens via consolidation techniques; 3) characterization of consolidated by analysis of: cytotoxicity, porosity, X ray diffraction and dilatometry; 4) mechanical characterization of tensile, 3 point bending, hardness (macro and micro Vickers) tests and microstructural characterization (optical and scanning electron microscopy). In general, the results observed were: the grain size D2 (20-50 &mu;m) is the one that best fits in the analysis of packaging, for the consolidation by SLM; the biocompatibility of the samples obtained a positive result for both processing techniques; the mechanical evaluation of the specimens shows that the SLM technique provides superior mechanical properties (yield stress, rupture stress, maximum stress, elongation and hardness), compared to those obtained by the precision casting technique; the microstructure obtained by the SLM process results in an ultrafine grains with high chemical homogeneity, differentiated by the gross dendritic microstructure in the casting process. In this way, the development of the present study evidenced superior quality in manufacturing customized dental components (copings) by SLM technique compared to precision casting.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Nesta dissertação foram estudas rochas máficas dos complexos alcalinos de Morro de São João, Rio Bonito, Tanguá, Gericinó-Mendanha, Morro Redondo, Itatiaia e Passa Quatro. Essas rochas ocorrem na forma de diques e/ou sills. As amostras coletadas foram classificadas como lamprófiros, fonolitos, gabros e diabásios alcalinos. A análise geoquímica permitiu identificar um trend fortemente insaturado e um trend moderadamente alcalino para os complexos estudados. O primeiro é caracterizado por foiditos e fonolitos como membros parentais e mais evoluídos, respectivamente, enquanto o segundo tem basaltos alcalinos como membros parentais e traquitos como os mais evoluídos. Todas as amostras plotam no campo da série alcalina, sendo majoritariamente miaskíticas, sódicas ou potássicas. Adicionalmente, o estudo geoquímico indicou que os complexos alcalinos representam câmaras magmáticas distintas, onde diferentes processos evolutivos tiveram lugar. As modelagens apontaram dois processos de diferenciação distintos nos complexos estudados. Os complexos alcalinos de Morro de São João, Morro Redondo, Gericinó-Mendanha e Itatiaia estariam relacionados a processos de cristalização fracionada. Por outro lado, o Complexo Alcalino de Passa Quatro teria sido diferenciado por processos de cristalização fracionada com esvaziamento e posterior reabastecimento da câmara magmática (RTF). De um modo geral, esses modelos indicaram a presença de mais do que uma série magmática nos complexos estudados e a não cogeneticidade entre as séries agpaíticas e miaskíticas. A discriminação de fontes foi feita com base na análise dos elementos terras raras das amostras parentais de cada um dos complexos (gabro em Morro de São João e lamprófiro nos demais). No entanto, este procedimento não foi aplicado para o Complexo Alcalino de Morro Redondo, uma vez que todas as suas amostras apresentaram valores de MgO muito abaixo do típico para líquidos parentais. O líquido parental do Complexo Alcalino do Gericinó-Mendanha apresentou razões de La/Yb e La/Nb, maior e menor que a unidade, respectivamente, típicas de derivação a partir fontes férteis. Os líquidos parentais dos outros complexos alcalinos tiveram suas razões La/Yb e La/Nb maiores que a unidade, típicas de derivação a partir de fontes enriquecidas. Os modelos desenvolvidos revelaram que os líquidos parentais de cada um dos complexos estudados estariam relacionados a fontes lherzolíticas com granada residual. Além disso, a fusão parcial destas fontes teria ocorrido num intervalo de 1 a 7% dentro da zona da granada. Finalmente, as modelagens petrogenéticas elaboradas permitiram a proposição de um cenário geodinâmico, envolvendo a descompressão adiabática do manto litosférico e sublitosférico anomalamente aquecidos. As características geoquímicas dos líquidos parentais parecem ter sido controladas essencialmente pela mistura desses dois tipos de fontes. / Mafic rocks from the Morro de São João, Rio Bonito, Tanguá, Gericinó-Mendanha, Morro Redondo, Itatiaia and Passa Quatro alkaline complexes were studied based on field, petrographic and lithogeochemical data. The mafic rocks are mostly alkaline lamprophyres and alkaline gabbro (in Morro de São João). The complexes show both strongly undersaturated and mildly alkaline evolutionary trends, having foidites and alkaline basalts as parental compositions. Trachytes and phonolites are the most common evolved rocks. Geochemical modelling has show that miaskitic and agpaitic series are unlikely to be related by fractional crystallization. Enriched mantle sources predominate although a fertile mantle source seems to be related with the Gericinó-Mendanha complex. Parental compositions are related to small amounts of partial melting (1-7%) of garnet lherzolite within the garnet stability field in the mantle. Simple geodynamic models indicate that the alkaline complexes are related to the adiabatic decompression of anomalously hot (~1570C) mantle although unrelated to lithospheric translation over a fixed hotspot or mantle plume. Parental compositions are likely to be strongly controled by mixing of distinctive lithospheric mantle sources and a more homogeneous sublithospheric mantle. The lithospheric components seem to be related with the accreted terranes during the Gondwana amalgamation in Early Proterozoic times.

O resíduo estudado neste trabalho é originado do processo de obtenção de alumínio metálico, de grande interesse no Brasil pelo fato do país ser detentor de algumas das maiores reservas do mineral bauxita no mundo, utilizado como fonte de alumínio. Tendo como estratégia a geração de resíduo zero, colaborando para as tecnologias ambientalmente amigáveis, este trabalho estuda a incorporação de um resíduo resultante da recuperação de alumínio presente na escória gerada durante o processo de produção primária do alumínio metálico, por plasma térmico. Utilizando-se o diagrama de equilíbrio de fases do sistema Al2O3-CaO-SiO2, fez-se a adequação das composições visando a incorporação de resíduo no produto cerâmico sem alterar as características de processamento do material. A obtenção de vidros e de fritas vitrocerâmicas com o resíduo borra branca foi realizada fazendo-se a fusão das composições calculadas e, para os vitrocerâmicos, tratamento térmico posterior de devitrificação. Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados utilizando-se técnicas de análise tais como difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia do infravermelho (FTIR). Foi possível obter material vitrocerâmico com até 30% de resíduo de alumínio, após a fusão a 1300°C e devitrificação a 900°C. Em adição, o resíduo demonstrou ser um promissor material auxiliar na formação de fases cristalinas em baixos tempos de tratamento térmico. / This work studies the residue obtained from the process of aluminum metal extraction activities, a great interest process, because of Brazil own some of the biggest bauxite mineral reserves in all the world. As a useful choice for no residue generation, and a support for environmentally friendly technologies, this work studies the white dross residue (WDR), from the process of aluminum metal reduction by thermal plasma. The phase equilibrium diagram of Al2O3-Ca O-SiO2 system was used to calculate the compositions. The WDR were incorporated in a ceramic product without modifying its principal characteristics. The fusion and devitrification treatments were studied. XRD (X-ray diffractometry), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and FTIR (transformed Fourier infrared) were used to investigate the glass and glassceramic samples. These techniques showed that is possible to get glassceramic with up to 30 mass% of WDR after molten at 1300 deg C and annealed at 900 deg C. In addition, the WDR showed to be a promising material in attainment of crystalline phases in less times of heat treatment for annealing.