This thesis examines the role of local government elected members to progress urban sustainability, and the views of Māori leaders’ on governance and sustainability. It is set within a wider context of local government reform and changing expectations of governance and captures a point in time in the evolution of Pākehā and Māori governance structures in Aotearoa New Zealand. The thesis contributes to the paucity of scholarship in these fields. Local government has evolved from the early provincial legislatures, to acknowledge Te Tiriti o Waitangi and recognise the importance of sustainable development. The Local Government Act 2002 fundamentally changed the role and purpose of New Zealand local government. At the heart of both Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the LGA was the aspiration for community and Māori participation in local governance and progress towards sustainable development. The ‘three-house concept’ described in the Raukawa Trustees partnership-two cultures development model (Winiata 2005) and the Community Sector Taskforce (2006) model is reflected in the structure of this thesis. It provides for a Pākehā House, a Tikanga Māori House and a Treaty House – a conceptual space where Māori and Pākehā values and practices can come together in mutual respect. The Pākehā House of the thesis establishes a broader role for New Zealand elected members to promote urban sustainability by focusing on cross-sector collaboration and multi-level governance. While multi-level governing was found to be widespread across urban territorial authorities, an elected member focus on collaboration was notably absent. Aotearoa New Zealand’s urban local authorities had begun mainstreaming sustainable development practices. Environmental management and restoration activity was widespread. Initiatives progressing social and cultural well-being were gaining prominence. The Tikanga Māori House recognises that the LGA 2002 had failed to bring about transformation of Māori participation in local government. Where the Māori voice struggled to be heard, the Act’s discretionary provisions had tended to preserve the status quo. Two paths to the future are offered: firstly, constitutional change - a new system of local government that recognises the validity of tino rangatiratanga as an equal authority, which could be modeled on the working examples of Treaty-based governance presented in this thesis. Secondly, improvements to the current system of local government are recommended. They are: - Hui and whanaungatanga, as a path to consensus decision-making. - Iwi authorities be recognised as local authorities, to provide opportunities for urban Māori to participate in local government. - The status of iwi management plans be lifted, and they be mandatory in the way that a district plan is mandatory. - The mana whenua relationship be strengthened to increase the capacity of mana whenua to consult with tauiwi in their rohe, and exercise kaitiakitanga and manaakitanga. These improvements need to be based on an effective parallel model of Māori representation, or Māori wards and seats. The Treaty House presents a case for strengthening a partnerships approach to governance. The effective inclusion of both Pākehā and Māori communities alike is identified as a prerequisite for further progress towards urban sustainability in Aotearoa New Zealand.

This thesis examines the role of local government elected members to progress urban sustainability, and the views of Māori leaders’ on governance and sustainability. It is set within a wider context of local government reform and changing expectations of governance and captures a point in time in the evolution of Pākehā and Māori governance structures in Aotearoa New Zealand. The thesis contributes to the paucity of scholarship in these fields. Local government has evolved from the early provincial legislatures, to acknowledge Te Tiriti o Waitangi and recognise the importance of sustainable development. The Local Government Act 2002 fundamentally changed the role and purpose of New Zealand local government. At the heart of both Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the LGA was the aspiration for community and Māori participation in local governance and progress towards sustainable development. The ‘three-house concept’ described in the Raukawa Trustees partnership-two cultures development model (Winiata 2005) and the Community Sector Taskforce (2006) model is reflected in the structure of this thesis. It provides for a Pākehā House, a Tikanga Māori House and a Treaty House – a conceptual space where Māori and Pākehā values and practices can come together in mutual respect. The Pākehā House of the thesis establishes a broader role for New Zealand elected members to promote urban sustainability by focusing on cross-sector collaboration and multi-level governance. While multi-level governing was found to be widespread across urban territorial authorities, an elected member focus on collaboration was notably absent. Aotearoa New Zealand’s urban local authorities had begun mainstreaming sustainable development practices. Environmental management and restoration activity was widespread. Initiatives progressing social and cultural well-being were gaining prominence. The Tikanga Māori House recognises that the LGA 2002 had failed to bring about transformation of Māori participation in local government. Where the Māori voice struggled to be heard, the Act’s discretionary provisions had tended to preserve the status quo. Two paths to the future are offered: firstly, constitutional change - a new system of local government that recognises the validity of tino rangatiratanga as an equal authority, which could be modeled on the working examples of Treaty-based governance presented in this thesis. Secondly, improvements to the current system of local government are recommended. They are: - Hui and whanaungatanga, as a path to consensus decision-making. - Iwi authorities be recognised as local authorities, to provide opportunities for urban Māori to participate in local government. - The status of iwi management plans be lifted, and they be mandatory in the way that a district plan is mandatory. - The mana whenua relationship be strengthened to increase the capacity of mana whenua to consult with tauiwi in their rohe, and exercise kaitiakitanga and manaakitanga. These improvements need to be based on an effective parallel model of Māori representation, or Māori wards and seats. The Treaty House presents a case for strengthening a partnerships approach to governance. The effective inclusion of both Pākehā and Māori communities alike is identified as a prerequisite for further progress towards urban sustainability in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. Also published by Praeger in 1972 under title: Peking's UN policy. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Bakgrund: När en familjemedlem insjuknar i demenssjukdom påverkas hela familjen. Närstående blir involverade i omvårdnaden för familjemedlemmen som lever med en demenssjukdom. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att ge information och stöd till närstående för att uppleva en hanterbar tillvaro. Att kunna förespråka upplevelser och behov hos både närstående och personen med demenssjukdom kan vara utmanande i arbetet för sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att leva med en familjemedlem som har en demenssjukdom. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design. Tolv artiklar gick igenom kvalitetsgranskningen och analyserades induktivt genom Fribergs femstegsmodell vilket resulterade i fem kategorier. Resultat: Närstående upplevde att det egna jaget samt relationen till familjemedlemmen förändrades. Att vårda en familjemedlem var emotionellt påfrestande och vardagen påverkas både socialt, ekonomiskt samt närståendes arbetsliv. Även omgivningen påverkade närstående, delvis huruvida omgivningen såg på familjemedlemmen samt vilket stöd närstående upplevde att de fick. Slutsats: Att kunna ge stöd och information till närstående har påvisat vara bristfällig. Sjuksköterskan behöver ha en djupare förståelse kring hur närstående påverkas i vardagen, både fysiskt och psykiskt. Vidare finns behov för utveckling av nya rutiner samt strategier kring hur det ska bli mer tydligt för sjuksköterskan att tillgodose närståendes behov av stöd. / Background: When a family member is affected with dementia, the entire family gets affected. Relatives are involved in the care of a family member living with dementia. The nurse has an important role in providing information and support for relatives, so they can experience a manageable everyday life. Being able to advocate experiences and needs for the relative and the person with dementia can be challenging for the nurse. Objective: To describe relatives´ experiences of living with a family member who has dementia. Method: Literature overview with qualitative design. Twelve articles passed the quality review protocol and were inductively analyzed by Friberg's five-step model, resulting in five categories. Result: Relatives´ experiences that their own self as well as the relationship with family members changed. Caring for a family member was emotionally strenuous and everyday life was affected socially, economically as well as their working lives. The surrounding area affected the relatives, partly how the surroundings looked at the family member and what kind of support the relatives´ experienced that they were given. Conclusion: Being able to provide support and information to relatives has proven to be inadequate. The nurse needs a deeper understanding of how relatives are affected in everyday life, both physically and mentally. Furthermore, there is a need for development of new routines as well as strategies on how it becomes clearer for the nurse to meet the relatives needs of support.

With the growing popularity of online communities on social media, non-profit organizations have the possibility to easily reach and communicate with the public. Furthermore, small non-profit organizations with few resources are able to use online communities, not only to market their activities but also to build a closer bond with its members. However, non-profit organizations also need community members to engage in the online communities for them to function efficiently. Many small non-profit organizations struggle with engaging their community members in their online communities. This study, therefore, aims to compare how two small non-profit organizations communicate with their community members to create member engagement. The study is a qualitative, comparative case study and is based mainly on theories concerning organizational communication, online communities, and engagement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with representatives from the non-profit organizations and through observations of their online communities. The study showed that non-profit organizations communicate their values by using storytelling and displaying emotions in their posts to create engagement. The study further shows that non-profit organizations communicate newsworthy and qualitative information which is of societal value to engage community members.

This study was an investigation of the relationship between subordinates' perceptions of the quality of the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship and their willingness to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational commitment (OC). Differences in subordinates' perceptions of the quality of the LMX with their supervisor according to the gender of the supervisor compared to the employee (same sex vs. different sex) and dyadic duration of the LMX were also investigated. The possible moderation of dyadic duration on the relationship between subordinates' perception of the quality of the LMX and their willingness to engage in OCB and OC were also investigated. Lastly, the possible moderation of gender on the relationship between subordinates' perception of the quality of the LMX and their willingness to engage in OCB and OC were also investigated. This study surveyed direct service subordinate staff currently employed at a large rehabilitation organization in the Midwest. Results of research questions (RQ) one through eight are as follows: No significant correlation, r = .15, p = .35 for RQ1, significant correlation for RQ2, r = .38, p =.01, no significant correlation, r = .14, p = .38, for RQ3, no significant correlation, r = .30, p = .05 for RQ4, RQ5 model one was not significant, R2 = .10, F (2,38) = 2.21, p = .12, model two was significant, R2 = .19, F (3, 37) = 2.86, p = .05, RQ6 model one was significant, R2 = .26, F (2, 38) = 7.59, p = .002, model two was significant, R2 = .34, F (3, 37) = 6.34, p = .001, RQ7 model one was not significant, R2 = .10, F (2, 38) = 2.21, p = .12, model two was not significant, R2= .16, F (3, 37) = 2.31, p = .09, and RQ8 model one was significant, R2 = .26, F (2, 38) = 7.59, p = .002, model two was significant, R2 = .32, F (3, 37) = 5.98, p = .002. A summary of results and limitations and delimitations of the study are discussed, as well as implications and directions for future research.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Saurav Shrestha, for the Masters of Science degree in CIVIL ENGINEERING, presented on November 22, 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: VERIFICATION OF SHEAR LAG IN LONGITUDINALLY WELDED TENSION MEMBERS. MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. J. Kent Hsiao, Ph.D., P.E. (CA), S.E. (UT) Tension members are used broadly as bracing members in buildings and truss. When double channels or double tees are welded to a gusset plate, stresses are distributed non-uniformly in connected members since only a part of its cross-section is connected. Shear lag factor describes this phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to verify shear lag factor of tension steel members with welded connections using the finite element computer analysis and the current design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 2010). The provision for calculating shear lag factor, U, is given by AISC Specification as 1-x ̅/L for angles, tees, channels and wide flange tension members. Weld size and length of the weld are the main parameters studied here. The current AISC design provision over-estimates the design tensile strength of double channel shapes. While, for WT Shapes it under-estimates one. The increase in weld size and decrease in weld length shows slight change in shear lag factor. Comparison is also made with the equation proposed by Fortney and Thornton (2012). The equation under-estimates the design tensile strength of both sections.

Esta Tese consiste em avaliar o desempenho comercial do Mercosul, no período de 1994- 2005. O intuito da mesma é verificar de que maneira as crises internacionais da década de 1990, bem como as crises conjunturais e estruturais das economias-membro, influenciaram no desempenho do comércio intra e extra-regional das mesmas, a saber: Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai, nesse período. / This thesis consists of evaluating the Mercosur commercial performance from 1994 to 2005. It aims to verify both the form in which the 90s decade international crisis as well as the junctural and structural bodywork crisis affected the internal and external regions of Mercosur economies trade performance such as: Argentine, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay during the period mentioned above.

Orientador: João Maurício Rosário / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T23:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UribeQuevedo_AlvaroJoffre_D.pdf: 5699887 bytes, checksum: 23d16c57af099708603714932e6a2431 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo para membro inferior de baixo custo e aberto, integrado a um ambiente virtual como ferramentas para complementar o processo de reabilitação. As pesquisas realizadas na área da movimentação assistida para pessoas utilizando robôs e na área da realidade virtual têm permitido grandes avanços no desenvolvimento de hardware e software, resultando em ferramentas de alto impacto social nos processos de terapia. O desenvolvimento do dispositivo proposto está fundamentado no estudo de conceitos biomecânicos, cinemáticos e dinâmicos que permitam a assistência de movimentação proporcionando um ambiente seguro, controlado, supervisionado e com monitoramento do usuário. A metodologia proposta para atingir o desenvolvimento desse sistema, toma como fundamento a análise biomecânica do membro inferior humano e suas relações antropométricas para assim propor a solução para o problema cinemático e de geração das trajetórias com a finalidade de definir o modelo mecatrônico que responda de acordo com movimentos padronizados do membro inferior. A partir desta informação, o modelo dinâmico permite dimensionar o sistema mecânico e de acionamento para aperfeiçoar o projeto mecatrônico. Para o desenvolvimento do ambiente virtual e fornecer uma experiência interativa do tipo perambulador foram utilizadas interfaces 3D para usuário. Para capturar os movimentos de rotação, aceleração e posição de membro inferior, uma destas interfaces utiliza acelerômetros, enquanto a outra utiliza processamento de imagens com a finalidade de permitir ao usuário avançar no ambiente virtual utilizando os movimentos do membro inferior, que ao mesmo tempo permitam teleoperar o protótipo do dispositivo para membro inferior com deficiência parcial desenvolvido / Abstract: This work proposes the development of a low cost open architecture lower member assisting device, integrated to a virtual environment as tools for complementing rehabilitation. Research done in the robotic assisting motion field and virtual reality in rehabilitation have led to the development of related hardware and software, resulting in the development of highly social impact solutions in therapy processes. The development of the proposed device takes as foundation the study of the lower member biomechanics, kinematics and dynamics that allow the development of the proposed solution for its application in assisting motion while offering a secure and monitored environment for the user. The followed methodology for developing the proposed system is based on the lower member biomechanics analysis through its anthropometric relations for solving the kinematics problem along with the motion generation. These analyses allow defining a suitable mechatronics design for assisting the lower member motions which is optimized using the dynamic model for tuning the actuation and mechanical systems. For the development of the virtual environment and to offer a perambulador interaction, two different 3D user interfaces were used, one using accelerometers for collecting the user data, and the other one using depth maps. The acquired motion information allows the user to interact with the virtual environment through its lower member motions thus, encouraging him to execute sequences while navigating the virtual world, while teleoperating the lower member with partial impairment developed device / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

In a world where conflict is common, effective programs for reintegration of the combatants must exist for the post conflict societies. There is also a growing presence not only of gangs, but also of reintegration programs for those that chose to leave said gangs. To find what parts of those processes are alike and what parts are different is the objective of this thesis. For the former combatants, the thesis focuses on those of the former rebel group, meaning the illegally armed group. The reasons for comparing the two processes are that they outwardly look quite similar in the sense that the both deal with reintegration of formerly armed groups. Both groups have also been involved in some sort of violent action, and they are both being reintegrated into a society that they are not actively full members of. The research is carried out through a desk study using the method of a qualitative research through and abductive approach. The theoretical framework that is used is the inclusion-exclusion framework from the security-development nexus. This is also combined with the use of an analytical framework which was created using three different parts of full reintegration, namely social, political and economical reintegration. Through the usage of the case study of El Salvador, the thesis found that there were both similarities and differences between the two types of reintegration, however, the differences far outweighed the similarities. The thesis also found that while the two processes may be alike from an outside perspective, they are dealing with people of quite different needs. However, some potential can be seen for changes in both processes in order to improve their efficiency, though more research is needed.