This study investigated the effect of caffeine on airway resistance. The subjects were drawn from volunteers (18-90 years old) in good health, with no major cardiopulmonary conditions. We found no association between the consumption of a single cup of the caffeinated beverage coffee and a decrease in airway resistance within one hour in a normal sample of subjects as measured by impulse oscillometry nor with conventional spirometry . It appears that any possible bronchodilatory effect of the caffeine from a single cup of coffee in a normal population is below the limit of detection of spirometry and impulse oscillometry or is not sufficiently expressed in the one hour time frame of the study. The study did validate currently accepted methods of using the Jaeger impulse oscillometry (IOS) measurement for use at the University of South Florida (USF). The impulse oscillometry technique was found to be a useful adjunct to conventional pulmonary function testing. Conventional pulmonary function testing provides a useful measure of a person's ability to breathe yet is difficult to perform and only indirectly guides the physician to the diagnosis of the pathology behind the person's breathing difficulties. The impulse oscillometry technique may help the physician to noninvasively determine the location of a pulmonary obstruction by measurement of the dynamics of sound wave travel through the airways of the lungs.

No description available.

Loeffler, Bernd Matthias Nikolaus Untersuchungen zur Pharmakokinetik von Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin beim Hund nach Aufnahme von Kaffee, Tee und Schokolade aus dem Institut für Pharmakologie, Pharmazie und Toxikologie der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Leipzig im April 2000 (83 S., 24 Abb., 12 Tab., 187 Lit.) Methylxanthine stimulieren das zentrale Nervensystem, das Herz-Kreislauf-System und führen zur Bronchodilatation. Die Ergebnisse der Dopinguntersuchungen im Windhundrennsport zeigen, daß die Methylxanthine wie Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin nicht nur therapeutisch, sondern auch mißbräuchlich zur Leistungssteigerung eingesetzt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Pharmakokinetik von Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin bei Hunden untersucht. Speziell in Hinblick auf die Dopingproblematik im Windhundsport wurden bei den Hunden zusätzlich Plasma- und Harnproben nach Applikation von Kaffee, Tee und Schokolade analysiert. Nach oraler Applikation von Coffein und Theophyllin (10 mg/kg KM) wurden im Plasma mittlere Konzentrationsmaxima an Coffein von 61,8 µmol/l und an Theophyllin von 42,5 µmol/l nach 1,6 bzw. 4,8 Stunden erreicht. Die Elimination erfolgte jeweils mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 3 Stunden. Im Urin konnten die applizierten Methylxanthine ebenfalls nachgewiesen werden, nach Applikation von Coffein war Theobromin als Metabolit in hohen Konzentrationen nachweisbar. Nach Aufnahme von Kaffee und Tee durch Hunde konnte in Plasma und Urin Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin nachgewiesen werden. Nach Verfütterung von Schokolade wurde im Wesentlichen nur Theobromin gefunden, so daß aus dem Metabolitenmuster der Methylxanthine zum Teil auf das aufgenommene Nahrungsmittel geschlossen werden kann. Um nicht in Konflikt mit geltenden Dopingbestimmungen zu kommen, sollten Hundehalter darauf achten, daß ihre Tiere in den Tagen vor einem Rennen keinen Zugang zu methylxanthinhaltigen Produkten wie Kaffee, Tee und Schokolade haben. / Loeffler, Bernd Matthias Nikolaus Investigations of the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in the dog. Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology of the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Leipzig Leipzig, April 2000 (83 p., 24 fig., 12 tab., 187 ref.) Methylxanthines are often used as stimulants of the central nervous system, of the cardiovascular system and as bronchodilators. Doping samples of racing greyhounds demonstrate that methylxanthines like caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine besides their therapeutic use, are illegally used to strengthen the animals. In this study the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in dogs were examined. Additionally samples of plasma and urine were taken after application of coffee, tea, and chocolate. After oral application of caffeine and theophylline (10 mg/kg) highest plasma concentrations of caffeine were about 61.8 µmol/l and of theophylline about 42.5 µmol/l after 1.6 and 4.8 hours, respectively. The elimination half-lives for both methylxanthines were 3 hours. The methylxanthines administered could also be detected in the urine, after application of caffeine its metabolite theobromine reached high concentrations. After the administration of coffee and tea to dogs caffeine, theophylline and theobromine can be found in plasma and urine. After the feeding of cocoa products (chocolate) theobromine was the predominant methylxanthine to be analysed. Therefore the quantitative relationship of the various methylxanthine metabolites detected can indicate the origin of the ingested methylxanthines. In order to avoid violation of doping regulations, dog owners should assure that their animals have no access to methylxanthine-containing diets in the days before racing competitions.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:25:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arruda_vm_dr_rcla.pdf: 931170 bytes, checksum: fb88fc4e2ab74c2d384a6779f6fb726a (MD5) / Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o efeito da cafeína nas atividades referentes à divisão de trabalho entre operárias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.), bem como na longevidade dessas abelhas. As atividades estudadas foram: limpeza, inspeção, termorregulação, construção, coleta, recepção de alimento, defesa da colônia e alimentação larval. A atividade de coleta de alimento e a longevidade das operárias em relação às variáveis ambientais: índice pluviométrico (mm), pressão atmosférica (mb), temperatura (°C), umidade relativa do ar (%) e velocidade do vento (Km/h) também foram analisadas. Foram utilizadas duas colônias alojadas em colméias de observação, sendo que uma delas (grupo controle) foi alimentada com 50g de cândi (85% de glaçúcar + 15% de mel), enquanto a outra (grupo experimental) recebeu 49,67g de cândi misturado a 0,33g de cafeína. Essa alimentação foi administrada semanalmente às abelhas das duas populações durante três meses consecutivos. Em cada colméia foram introduzidas 606 operárias recém-emergidas, marcadas com discos plásticos numerados colados ao tórax, provenientes de uma colônia matriz de abelhas africanizadas contendo uma rainha fecundada em vôo livre. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a frequência de operárias do grupo experimental que fizeram autolimpeza (65%), recepção de alimento (5%), alimentação larval e coleta de recursos alimentares (3%) foi maior em relação às abelhas do grupo controle. No que se refere à construção de favos, as operárias alimentadas com dieta contendo cafeína confeccionaram um número de células (401) quase duas vezes maior em relação às operárias que receberam dieta normal. O fluxo de coleta de pólen e néctar foi maior no grupo experimental (89%) e as abelhas deste grupo iniciaram a atividade de coleta em uma idade precoce, mas o período de maior atividade de coleta... / In this study the effects of caffeine on activities related to the division of labor among Africanized honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.), and also on the longevity of these bees were investigated. The activities studied were: cleaning, inspection, temperature regulation, construction, collect of food resources, receiving food, defense of the colony and larval feeding. The gathering of food resources and the longevity of the worker bees in relation to the environmental variables: rainfall (mm), atmospheric pressure (mb), temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%) and wind speed (km / h) were also analyzed. Two colonies of honeybees maintained in observation hives were used in this research. One of them (control group) was fed with 50g of candy (85% of glaçucar plus 15% of honey), and the other (experimental group) received 49.67g of candy mixed with 0.33g of caffeine. This feeding was given weekly to the bees of these populations for three consecutive months. In each hive 606 newly-emerged worker bees, marked on the thorax with numbered plastic discs, were introduced. These bees came from a mother colony of Africanized honeybees which contained a fertilized queen in free flight. The results of this research revealed that the frequency of worker bees from the experimental group which made self-cleaning (65%), receiving food (5%), larval feeding (3%) and collect of food resources (3%) was higher in relation to the rates obtained for the control group. Concerning the construction of combs, the workers fed with diet containing caffeine made a number of cells (401) almost twice as large as that of the workers which received normal diet. The flow of the pollen and nectar collected was higher in the experimental group (89%) and the bees from this group started this task in the early age, but the period of greater activity was similar in both groups (between 34 and 40 days), for the oldest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: José Chaud Netto / Banca: Julio Valentim Betioli / Banca: Valter Vieira Alves Junior / Banca: Sulene Noriko Shima / Banca: Solange Cristina Augusto / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o efeito da cafeína nas atividades referentes à divisão de trabalho entre operárias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.), bem como na longevidade dessas abelhas. As atividades estudadas foram: limpeza, inspeção, termorregulação, construção, coleta, recepção de alimento, defesa da colônia e alimentação larval. A atividade de coleta de alimento e a longevidade das operárias em relação às variáveis ambientais: índice pluviométrico (mm), pressão atmosférica (mb), temperatura (°C), umidade relativa do ar (%) e velocidade do vento (Km/h) também foram analisadas. Foram utilizadas duas colônias alojadas em colméias de observação, sendo que uma delas (grupo controle) foi alimentada com 50g de cândi (85% de glaçúcar + 15% de mel), enquanto a outra (grupo experimental) recebeu 49,67g de cândi misturado a 0,33g de cafeína. Essa alimentação foi administrada semanalmente às abelhas das duas populações durante três meses consecutivos. Em cada colméia foram introduzidas 606 operárias recém-emergidas, marcadas com discos plásticos numerados colados ao tórax, provenientes de uma colônia matriz de abelhas africanizadas contendo uma rainha fecundada em vôo livre. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a frequência de operárias do grupo experimental que fizeram autolimpeza (65%), recepção de alimento (5%), alimentação larval e coleta de recursos alimentares (3%) foi maior em relação às abelhas do grupo controle. No que se refere à construção de favos, as operárias alimentadas com dieta contendo cafeína confeccionaram um número de células (401) quase duas vezes maior em relação às operárias que receberam dieta normal. O fluxo de coleta de pólen e néctar foi maior no grupo experimental (89%) e as abelhas deste grupo iniciaram a atividade de coleta em uma idade precoce, mas o período de maior atividade de coleta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this study the effects of caffeine on activities related to the division of labor among Africanized honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.), and also on the longevity of these bees were investigated. The activities studied were: cleaning, inspection, temperature regulation, construction, collect of food resources, receiving food, defense of the colony and larval feeding. The gathering of food resources and the longevity of the worker bees in relation to the environmental variables: rainfall (mm), atmospheric pressure (mb), temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%) and wind speed (km / h) were also analyzed. Two colonies of honeybees maintained in observation hives were used in this research. One of them (control group) was fed with 50g of candy (85% of glaçucar plus 15% of honey), and the other (experimental group) received 49.67g of candy mixed with 0.33g of caffeine. This feeding was given weekly to the bees of these populations for three consecutive months. In each hive 606 newly-emerged worker bees, marked on the thorax with numbered plastic discs, were introduced. These bees came from a mother colony of Africanized honeybees which contained a fertilized queen in free flight. The results of this research revealed that the frequency of worker bees from the experimental group which made self-cleaning (65%), receiving food (5%), larval feeding (3%) and collect of food resources (3%) was higher in relation to the rates obtained for the control group. Concerning the construction of combs, the workers fed with diet containing caffeine made a number of cells (401) almost twice as large as that of the workers which received normal diet. The flow of the pollen and nectar collected was higher in the experimental group (89%) and the bees from this group started this task in the early age, but the period of greater activity was similar in both groups (between 34 and 40 days), for the oldest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Milena Freitas de Lima.pdf: 3474577 bytes, checksum: aa6df2bc0ca2cc96c37f1e2422c7ae82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Theobroma grandiflorum is a species native of the Amazon with high economic potential, which belongs to the same genus as cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Its fruit, known as cupuaçu, is the largest in the genus Theobroma, reaching up to 4 kg in weight. The economic base of this species is concentrated in the mesocarp (pulp), widely known and commercialized for the production of juices, nectars, ice cream and others. In the process of obtaining the the cupuaçu pulp byproducts are generated which correspond to 65% by weight of each fruit, that although they are sources of phenolic substances and antioxidants are not used. This study aimed to describe the chemical composition of phenolic extracts and alcaloídicos of the epicarp and endocarp cupuaçu using chromatographic and spectrometric techniques. Different methods combined with ethanol and ethanol / water (7:3) was used for the extraction of phenolic substances and for extraction of purine alkaloids four specific methodologies for methylxanthines were used, in order to obtain the best conditions for extractions. The total phenolic content ranged between 8.62% (113.30 mgGAEs/g) and 12.96% (157.8 mgGAEs/g) for the epicarp extracts and between 3.17% (64.5 mgGAEs/g) and 12.86% (182.6 mgGAEs/g) for cupuaçu endocarp. The optimum conditions that provided the highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids were the extraction by maceration of the epicarp hot ethanol and the extraction of the endocarp by soxhlet ethanol / water (7:3). The profile of extractions obtained by mass spectrometry indicates the íons of the m/z 339, 325 e 311 characteristic of phenolic acids, as a major component both epicarp as the endocarp cupuaçu. The epicarp extracts showed better capacity scavenging free radicals (CI50=69,5 μg/mL) in relation to the endocarp (CI50=223,6 μg/mL). The presence of methylxanthines caffeine and teacrina were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) by comparison of the retention time of their respective standards. The confirmation of the teacrina molecule was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) and carbon (13 C NMR). The study of the utilization of these residues indicates the endocarp cupuaçu as excellent raw material source teacrina methylxanthine, addition to the unprecedented presence of caffeine and valuing both epicarp and the endocarp since they are considered byproducts of industrial pulps Amazon. / Theobroma grandiflorum é uma espécie nativa da Amazônia com elevado potencial econômico, que pertence ao mesmo gênero que o cacau (Theobroma cacao). Seu fruto, conhecido como cupuaçu, é o maior no gênero Theobroma, chegando a atingir até 4 kg em massa. A base econômica dessa espécie concentra-se no mesocarpo (polpa), bastante conhecido e comercializado para a produção de sucos, néctares, sorvetes entre outros. No processo de obtenção da polpa do cupuaçu são gerados subprodutos que correspondem a 65% em peso de cada fruto, que apesar de serem fontes de substâncias fenólicas e antioxidantes não são aproveitados. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a composição química dos extratos fenólicos e alcaloídicos do epicarpo e endocarpo do cupuaçu utilizando técnicas espectrométricas e cromatográficas. Foram utilizados diferentes métodos combinados com etanol e etanol/água (7:3) para a extração das substâncias fenólicas e para a extração dos alcaloides purínicos quatro metodologias específicas para metilxantinas foram usadas, afim de obter as melhores condições para as extrações. O teor de fenólicos totais variou entre 8,62% (113,30 mgGAEs/g) e 12,96% (157,8 mgGAEs/g) para os extratos do epicarpo e entre 3,17% (64,5 mgGAEs/g) e 12,86% (182,6 mgGAEs/g) para o endocarpo do cupuaçu. As condições ótimas que proporcionaram maiores teores de fenólicos e flavonoides foram a extração por maceração do epicarpo à quente em etanol e a extração do endocarpo por soxhlet em etanol/água (7:3). O perfil das extrações obtido por Espectrometria de Massas indica os íons de m/z 339, 325 e 311 característicos de ácidos fenólicos, como componente majoritário tanto no epicarpo quanto no endocarpo do cupuaçu. Os extratos do epicarpo apresentaram melhores capacidades de sequestro de radicais livres (CI50=69,5 μg/mL) em relação ao endocarpo (CI50=223,6 μg/mL). A presença das metilxantinas cafeína e teacrina foram confirmadas por espectrometria de massas (EM) e por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE-UV) por comparação do tempo de retenção de seus respectivos padrões. A confirmação da molécula da teacrina foi realizada por ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN1H) e carbono (RMN13C). O estudo do aproveitamento desses resíduos indica o endocarpo do cupuaçu como excelente matéria-prima fonte da metilxantina teacrina, além da inédita presença da cafeína valorizando tanto e epicarpo quanto o endocarpo uma vez que são considerados subprodutos das indústrias de polpas da Amazônia.

Caffeine is often used in a variety of forms to enhance athletic performance; however, research regarding caffeine’s effects on strength and power in female athletes is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of caffeine anhydrous (6 mg/kg of body mass) on jumping performance and maximal strength in female collegiate athletes. Eleven athletes (19.7 ± 0.9 yrs; 166.4 ± 10.2 cm, 67.7 ± 9.4 kg) performed two testing sessions separated by one week, and randomly received caffeine or placebo using a double-blind approach. Heart rate, blood pressure, and tympanic temperature were recorded before athletes received each condition, following 60 min of quiet sitting, and directly after performance testing. Athletes were assessed on unweighted and weighted squat jump height (SJH0, SJH20) and countermovement jump height (CMJH0, CMJH20), isometric mid-thigh pull peak force (IPF), and rate of force development from 0–200 ms (RFD200). Resting systolic blood pressure was significantly greater following caffeine administration compared to a placebo (p = 0.017). There were small, significant differences in SJH0 (p = 0.035, g = 0.35), SJH20 (p = 0.002, g = 0.49), CMJH0 (p = 0.015, g = 0.19), and CMJH20 (p < 0.001, g = 0.37) in favor of caffeine over placebo. However, there was no significant difference in IPF (p = 0.369, g = 0.12) and RFD200 (p = 0.235, g = 0.32) between conditions. Therefore, caffeine appears to enhance jumping performance, but not maximal strength in female collegiate athletes.

No description available.

Loeffler, Bernd Matthias Nikolaus Untersuchungen zur Pharmakokinetik von Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin beim Hund nach Aufnahme von Kaffee, Tee und Schokolade aus dem Institut für Pharmakologie, Pharmazie und Toxikologie der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Leipzig im April 2000 (83 S., 24 Abb., 12 Tab., 187 Lit.) Methylxanthine stimulieren das zentrale Nervensystem, das Herz-Kreislauf-System und führen zur Bronchodilatation. Die Ergebnisse der Dopinguntersuchungen im Windhundrennsport zeigen, daß die Methylxanthine wie Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin nicht nur therapeutisch, sondern auch mißbräuchlich zur Leistungssteigerung eingesetzt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Pharmakokinetik von Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin bei Hunden untersucht. Speziell in Hinblick auf die Dopingproblematik im Windhundsport wurden bei den Hunden zusätzlich Plasma- und Harnproben nach Applikation von Kaffee, Tee und Schokolade analysiert. Nach oraler Applikation von Coffein und Theophyllin (10 mg/kg KM) wurden im Plasma mittlere Konzentrationsmaxima an Coffein von 61,8 µmol/l und an Theophyllin von 42,5 µmol/l nach 1,6 bzw. 4,8 Stunden erreicht. Die Elimination erfolgte jeweils mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 3 Stunden. Im Urin konnten die applizierten Methylxanthine ebenfalls nachgewiesen werden, nach Applikation von Coffein war Theobromin als Metabolit in hohen Konzentrationen nachweisbar. Nach Aufnahme von Kaffee und Tee durch Hunde konnte in Plasma und Urin Coffein, Theophyllin und Theobromin nachgewiesen werden. Nach Verfütterung von Schokolade wurde im Wesentlichen nur Theobromin gefunden, so daß aus dem Metabolitenmuster der Methylxanthine zum Teil auf das aufgenommene Nahrungsmittel geschlossen werden kann. Um nicht in Konflikt mit geltenden Dopingbestimmungen zu kommen, sollten Hundehalter darauf achten, daß ihre Tiere in den Tagen vor einem Rennen keinen Zugang zu methylxanthinhaltigen Produkten wie Kaffee, Tee und Schokolade haben. / Loeffler, Bernd Matthias Nikolaus Investigations of the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in the dog. Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology of the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Leipzig Leipzig, April 2000 (83 p., 24 fig., 12 tab., 187 ref.) Methylxanthines are often used as stimulants of the central nervous system, of the cardiovascular system and as bronchodilators. Doping samples of racing greyhounds demonstrate that methylxanthines like caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine besides their therapeutic use, are illegally used to strengthen the animals. In this study the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in dogs were examined. Additionally samples of plasma and urine were taken after application of coffee, tea, and chocolate. After oral application of caffeine and theophylline (10 mg/kg) highest plasma concentrations of caffeine were about 61.8 µmol/l and of theophylline about 42.5 µmol/l after 1.6 and 4.8 hours, respectively. The elimination half-lives for both methylxanthines were 3 hours. The methylxanthines administered could also be detected in the urine, after application of caffeine its metabolite theobromine reached high concentrations. After the administration of coffee and tea to dogs caffeine, theophylline and theobromine can be found in plasma and urine. After the feeding of cocoa products (chocolate) theobromine was the predominant methylxanthine to be analysed. Therefore the quantitative relationship of the various methylxanthine metabolites detected can indicate the origin of the ingested methylxanthines. In order to avoid violation of doping regulations, dog owners should assure that their animals have no access to methylxanthine-containing diets in the days before racing competitions.