京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21757号 / 工博第4574号 / 新制||工||1713(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 西脇 眞二, 教授 髙田 滋, 教授 鈴木 基史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The presented work is intended to develop a geometrically reduced order (homogenized) model for a large antenna space structure with flexible joints. An energy equivalence concept is employed to find the continuum model for the system. The kinetic and strain energy expressions of the fundamental elements are found based on the assumptions of the micropolar elasticity theory. Necessary assumptions are made to reduce the order of the strain variables while retaining the effects of the micro-rotations that are coupled to the primary strain terms. As a result, a micropolar-based continuum model is found for the structure with torsional joints. The vibrations equations of motion for various coordinates of the one dimensional equivalent model are presented. Subsequently, the relations between the physical parameters of the distributed parameter model and the radar structure are introduced. The effect of the asymmetric mass distribution as a result of the addition of the radar panel to the truss system is studied. For the purpose of the experimental validation of the suggested model a planar truss structure with Pratt Girder configuration was built and tested in the laboratory. The results for the experimental frequency response functions are shown to be in good agreement with the theory. Finally, the continuum model is used to quantify the effects of the thermally induced disturbances on the satellite system during the eclipse transition. / Ph. D.

The use of metallic material systems (e.g. pure metals, alloys, metal matrix composites) in a wide range of engineering applications from medical devices to electronic components to automobiles continues to motivate the development of improved constitutive models to meet increased performance demands while minimizing cost. Emerging technologies often incorporate materials in which the dominant microstructural features have characteristic dimensions reaching into the submicron and nanometer regime. Metals comprised of such fine microstructures often exhibit unique and size-dependent mechanical response, and classical approaches to constitutive model development at engineering (continuum) scales, being local in nature, are inadequate for describing such behavior. Therefore, traditional modeling frameworks must be augmented or reformulated to account for such phenomena. Crystal plasticity constitutive models have proven quite capable of capturing first-order microstructural effects such as grain orientation, grain morphology, phase distribution, etc. on the deformation behavior of both single and polycrystals, yet suffer from the same limitations as other local continuum theories with regard to modeling scale-dependent mechanical response. This research is focused on the development, numerical implementation, and application of a novel, physics-based generalized (nonlocal) theory of single crystal plasticity. Two distinct versions of a dislocation-based micropolar single crystal plasticity theory are developed and discussed within the context of more prominent nonlocal crystal plasticity theories. The constitutive models have been implemented in the commercial finite element code Abaqus, and the size-dependent deformation of both single and polycrystalline metals have been studied via direct numerical simulation. A comparison of results obtained from the solution of several equivalent initial-boundary value problems using the developed models and a model of discrete dislocation dynamics has demonstrated the predictive capabilities of the micropolar theory and also highlighted areas for potential model refinement.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-11T18:59:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DissertaçãoOmar.pdf: 629619 bytes, checksum: f018416fe978f2e27de6abfe2542c60c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T18:59:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DissertaçãoOmar.pdf: 629619 bytes, checksum: f018416fe978f2e27de6abfe2542c60c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / CNPQ / Estudamos aspectos teóricos de um sistema que modela o comportamento dos unidos micro polares incompressíveis num domínio limitado _ Rn (n = 2 ou 3). Especificamente, utilizamos o método espectral de Galerkin para mostrar a existência de soluções fortes e com determinadas condições mostramos a unicidade das soluções / We study theoretical aspects of a system that models the behavior of incompressible micropolar uids in a bounded domain _ Rn (n = 2 or 3). Speci cally, we use the spectral Galerkin method to show the existence of strong solutions and under certain conditions show the uniqueness of solutions.

La plupart des ruptures des structures géotechniques sont associées aux phénomènes de localisation des déformations, qui s'accompagnent toujours d'un adoucissement de la résistance. De nombreuses observations expérimentales montrent que d’importants réarrangements et rotations de particules se produisent à l'intérieur des bandes de cisaillement. Cette thèse vise à étudier numériquement les phénomènes de localisation des déformations dans les matériaux granulaires. Considérant les problèmes de dépendance au maillage dans l'analyse par éléments finis dans le cadre de la modélisation continue classique, un modèle de sable basé sur l' état critique a été formulé dans le cadre de la théorie micropolaire. Un code d'éléments finis pour les problèmes bidimensionnels a été développé dans ce cadre. Ensuite, les simulations d'essais bi-axiaux ont permis d’étudier en profondeur les caractéristiques des bandes de cisaillement en termes d'apparition,d'épaisseur, d'orientation, etc. Dans le même temps, l'efficacité de l'approche micropolaire, en tant que technique de régularisation, a été discutée. L'analyse de l'instabilité dans un continuum micropolaire basé sur le travail du second-ordre a également été effectuée. Enfin,pour une application plus large dans la simulation des défaillances en ingénierie géotechnique, le modèle 2D a été étendu à un modèle 3D. Sur la base de l'étude, les modèles 2D et 3D ont démontré leurs capacités de régularisation pour éviter les problèmes de dépendance au maillage et reproduire raisonnablement les bandes de cisaillement dans les géostructures. / Most of the progressive failures of geotechnical structures are associated with the strain localization phenomenon, which is generally accompanied by strength softening. Many experimental observationsshow that significant rear rangements and rotations of particles occur inside the shear bands. The aim of this thesis is to investigate numerically the strain localization phenomena of granular materials. Considering the mesh dependency problems in finite element analysis caused by strains oftening within the classical continuum framework, a sand model based on critical-state has been formulated within the framework of the micropolar theory, taking into account the micro rotations, and implemented into a finite element code for two dimensional problems. Then, the simulations of the shearband in biaxial tests are comprehensively studied in terms of onset, thickness, orientation, etc. At the same time, the efficiency of the micropolar approach, as a regularization technique, is discussed. This is followed by an instability analysis using the second-order work based on the micropolar continuum theory. Finally, for a wider application in simulating failures in geotechnical engineering, the 2D model has been extended to 3D model. Based on the entire study, both the 2D and 3Dmodel demonstrate obvious regularization ability to relieve the mesh dependency problems and to reproduce reasonably the shear bands in geostructures.

This work, we discuss some criteria of regularity for a weak solution of the Magneto-micropolar equations. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to extend some recent results from the Navier-Stokes equations to the Magneto-micropolar equations. In order to give an example, we prove that a weak solution (u,w, b)(t), defined in [0, T], is smooth on R3 × (0, T), if it satisfies the condition a3u3, a3w, a3b E L00(0, T;L2(R3)). / Neste trabalho, discutimos alguns critérios de regularidade para uma solução fraca do sistema de equações tridimensionais de fluido Magneto-micropolar. Além disso, mostramos que é possível estender, para este mesmo sistema, alguns resultados recentes obtidos para as equações de Navier-Stokes. Em ordem a citar um exemplo, provamos que uma solução fraca (u,w, b)(t) definida em [0, T] é suave em R3 × (0, T) se esta satisfaz a condição a3u3, a3w, a3b E L00(0, T;L2(R3)).

La première réalisation de ce travail est la construction unifiée et automatique d’un milieu continu équivalent à un treillis de poutres, dans le domaine élastique, en adoptant un modèle de poutres de Bernoulli. Une extension a été réalisée au domaine plastique, selon un algorithme de suivi de la loi de comportement après écrouissage. Suivant l’ordre des développements asymptotiques choisi, on obtient pour le comportement élastique un milieu continu classique ou micropolaire. On se restreint dans ce dernier cas aux treillis à cellules élémentaires centro-symétriques. Les codes de calculs obtenus fournissent de façon automatique les lois de comportement effectives et les modules mécaniques homogénéisés. Une grande variété de treillis, existants ou originaux, a été étudiée. Les résultats ont été systématiquement comparés aux données de la littérature et vérifiés par des simulations éléments finis avec une bonne concordance. La méthode utilisée montre également une capacité à prédire et comprendre le comportement atypique de certains treillis dits auxétiques présentant des coefficients de contraction négatifs. L’homogénéisation dans le domaine plastique a été limitée aux treillis à dominante extensionnelle. Le domaine de résistance élastique a été construit pour différents treillis, et un algorithme d’évolution du comportement avec écrouissage, de type retour-radial a été conçu et implémenté dans un code dédié. Un modèle de poutre élastoplastique à écrouissage isotrope est utilisé. L’application de l’algorithme à une simulation de charge-décharge montre une bonne concordance entre le treillis homogénéisé et les simulations éléments finis / The first achievement of this work is to construct a unified and effective continuum equivalent to a lattice of beams, in the elastic domain, using a Bernoulli beam model. An extension has been done to calculate the elastic domain resistance of such lattices and to build an algorithm for monitoring the constitutive law taking into account work hardening. The choice of the asymptotic expansions leads to a classical continuous or to a micropolar elastic continuum. We restrict in this last case our study to lattices with centro-symmetric unit cells. The numerical codes developed provide the stress-strain relationship and the effective mechanical moduli. A wide variety of trusses has been studied, either existing or original, including typical geometries of foams and various auxetic lattices, exhibiting negative contraction coefficients. The results were systematically compared with data from literature and verified by finite element simulations with a good agreement. The homogenization in the plastic range has been limited to stretching dominated lattices. The equilibrium equations of the discrete asymptotic homogenization have been used to automatically obtain the elastic resistance domain for several trusses, and a return-mapping algorithm for the follow up of the stress-strain relationship including hardening has been conceived and implemented in a dedicated code. An isotropic hardening elastoplastic model of the beam has been used. The application of the algorithm to the simulation of a loading-unloading cycle shows a good agreement between the homogenized lattice and finite element simulations

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_ojg_me_rcla.pdf: 2506622 bytes, checksum: 9d9c114a31bacd63b72f96f10218d1e2 (MD5) / Cactaceae distribui-se pelo continente americano, do sul e oeste do Canadá até o sul da Patagônia na Argentina e Chile. A família está inserida em Caryophyllales e possui cerca de 1.500 espécies. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. é epífita obrigatória muito difundida na América do Sul, sendo a única espécie brasileira nativa de Epiphyllum Haw. A biologia reprodutiva em Cactaceae foi estudada em menos de 10% das espécies que a constituem e, esta limitada quantidade de dados, impede melhor entendimento dos mecanismos reprodutivos na família. Objetivou-se a realização de estudo morfológico e anatômico dos órgãos reprodutivos e da plântula de E. phyllanthus, através de: (i) análise morfoanatômica da flor; (ii) morfoanatomia e ontogenia do pericarpo e da semente e (iii) morfoanatomia da plântula. A flor é séssil, epígina com hipanto desenvolvido. Todos os verticilos florais apresentam epiderme unisseriada, glabra e estomatífera. O gineceu é sincárpico, com 9-10 carpelos, pluriovulado, de placentação parietal. O ovário possui feixes vasculares invertidos. A flor apresenta região nectarífera na face interna do hipanto. O óvulo é circinótropo, bitegumentado, crassinucelado, de funículo longo. O hipanto é de natureza receptacular. O fruto é do tipo cactídio de coloração róseo-roxo brilhante, superfície lisa e acumula concentração elevada de amido no pericarpo e na polpa, quando maduro. As sementes são campilótropas, pretas e de formato ovóide. A superfície externa ventral exibe relevo diferenciado, a região hilo-micropilar, de coloração esbranquiçada, onde ocorre arilo. O embrião é curvo com reserva lipoprotéica. Perisperma e endosperma persistem na semente madura, sem substâncias de reserva. A plântula é fanerocotiledonar e apresenta germinação epígea. Durante a germinação há hidratação e expansão de mucilagem na semente... / The Cactaceae family is widely distributed in the American continents, from the south and west of Canada to the south of Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). It is included in Caryophyllales and has approximately 1,500 species. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw. exhibits an obligatory epiphytic habit and is widespread in South America. Additionally, it is the only Epiphyllum Haw. species that is indigenous to Brazil. Studies concerning the reproductive biology of Cactaceae have been conducted in no more than 10 percent of the taxa, and such a limited amount of data precludes the suitable comprehension of the reproductive mechanisms in the family. The present work was aimed at providing a morphoanatomical description of the reproductive organs and seedlings of Epiphyllum phyllanthus by means of (i) flower morphoanatomical analysis; (ii) morphoanatomical and ontogenic studies of the pericarp and seed, and (iii) morphoanatomical analysis of seedling in developing. It was observed that the sessile and epigynous flower exhibit a well-developed hypanthium. All the flower whorls has uniseriate epidermis. The syncarpous and pluriovulate gynoecium exhibit 9-10 carpels and parietal placentation. The ovary has inverted bundles and the flower showed the nectariferous region on the inner surface of the hypanthium. The ovule is circinotropous, bitegmic, crassinucelate, and has a long funiculus. The hypanthium exhibit receptacular origin. The bright pinkish-purplish “cactidio-type” fruit has a smooth surface and, when it is ripe, exhibits a high concentration of starch in the pericarp and pulp. The seed is campylotropous, black and ovoid. Its ventral outer surface presents a differentiated relief that is the whitish hilum-micropylar region, in which the aril occurs. The curved embryo contains lipoprotein reserves. Perisperm and endosperm persist in the mature seed without reserve substances... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / In this work, we study blow-up results in finite time for the solution (u, b)(·, t) (defined in [0, T∗)), as well as for their spacial derivatives, of the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system. These results are obtained by extending some statements found in the literature for the classical Navier- Stokes equations. In order to cite an example, we prove that k(u, b)(·, t)kq explodes at a rate (T∗ − t)−q−3 2q , for all t ∈ [0, T∗) and 3 < q < ∞. In addition, we prove some sufficient conditions for the existence of global solution (in time) for the Navier-Stokes and MHD equations. Finally, we generalize some results established from the MHD equations, involving Sobolev Spaces Homogeneous, to the Magneto-micropolar system. More precisely, we show that if the solution (u,w, b)(·, t) presents blow-up in T∗ < ∞, then k(u,w, b)(·, t)k ˙H sk(u,w, b)(·, t)k 2s 1+2 −1 2 ≥ C(T∗ − t) s 1+2 , for all t ∈ [0, T∗), where δ ∈ (0, 1) and s ≥ 1 2 + δ. / Neste trabalho, discutimos inicialmente resultados de explos˜ao no tempo T∗ < ∞ para a solução (u, b)(·, t) (definida em [0, T∗)), como tamb´em para as suas derivadas, do sistema Magnetohidrodinâmico (MHD). Estes foram obtidos por uma extensão de resultados similares encontrados para as clássicas equações de Navier-Stokes. Em ordem a citarmos um exemplo, provamos que k(u, b)(·, t)kq explode a uma taxa (T∗ − t)−q−3 2q , para todo t ∈ [0, T∗) e 3 < q < ∞. Em seguida, avaliamos algumas condições suficientes para a existência de solução global no tempo para as equações de Navier-Stokes e MHD. Por fim, generalizamos observações de explosão, também em tempo finito, da solução das equações MHD, envolvendo espaços de Sobolev Homogêneos, para o sistema Magneto-micropolar. Mais precisamente, provamos que se a solução (u,w, b)(·, t) apresenta explosão em T∗ < ∞, então k(u,w, b)(·, t)k ˙Hsk(u,w, b)(·, t)k 2s1+2 −1 2 ´e limitado inferiormente por C(T∗ − t) s 1+2 , para todo t ∈ [0, T∗), se δ ∈ (0, 1) e s ≥ 1 2 + δ.

Ce travail porte sur le développement de modèles micromécaniques pour le calcul de la réponse homogénéisée de matériaux architecturés, en particulier des matériaux se présentant sous forme de treillis répétitifs. Les matériaux architecturés et micro-architecturés couvrent un domaine très large de de propriétés mécaniques, selon la connectivité nodale, la disposition géométrique des éléments structuraux, leurs propriétés mécaniques, et l'existence d'une possible hiérarchie structurale. L'objectif principal de la thèse est la prise en compte des nonlinéarités géométriques résultant des évolutions importantes de la géométrie initiale du treillis, causée par une rigidité de flexion des éléments structuraux faible en regard de leur rigidité en extension. La méthode dite d'homogénéisation discrète est développée pour prendre en compte les non linéarités géométriques pour des treillis quais périodiques; des schémas incrémentaux sont construits qui reposent sur la résolution incrémentale et séquentielle des problèmes de localisation - homogénéisation posés sur une cellule de base identifiée, soumise à un chargement contrôlé en déformation. Le milieu continu effectif obtenu est en général un milieu micropolaire anisotrope, dont les propriétés effectives reflètent la disposition des éléments structuraux et leurs propriétés mécaniques. La réponse non affine des treillis conduit à des effets de taille qui sont pris en compte soit par un enrichissement de la cinématique par des variables de microrotation ou par la prise en compte des seconds gradients du déplacement. La construction de milieux effectifs du second gradient est faite dans un formalisme de petites perturbations. Il est montré que ces deux types de milieu effectif sont complémentaires en raison de l'analogie existant lors de la construction théorique des réponses homogénéisées, et par le fait qu'ils fournissent des longueurs internes en extension, flexion et torsion. Des applications à des structures tissées et des membranes biologiques décrites comme des réseaux de filaments quais-périodiques ont été faites. Les réponses homogénéisées obtenues sont validées par des comparaisons avec des simulations par éléments finis réalisées sur un volume élémentaire représentatif de la structure. Les schémas d'homogénéisation ont été implémentés dans un code de calcul dédié, alimenté par un fichier de données d'entrée de la géométrie du treillis et de ses propriétés mécaniques. Les modèles micromécaniques développés laissent envisager du fait de leur caractère prédictif la conception de nouveaux matériaux architecturés permettant d'élargir les frontières de l'espace 'matériaux-propriétés' / The present thesis deals with the development of micromechanical schemes for the computation of the homogenized response of architectured materials, focusing on periodical lattice materials. Architectured and micro-architectured materials cover a wide range of mechanical properties according to the nodal connectivity, geometrical arrangement of the structural elements, their moduli, and a possible structural hierarchy. The principal objective of the thesis is the consideration of geometrical nonlinearities accounting for the large changes of the initial lattice geometry, due to the small bending stiffness of the structural elements, in comparison to their tensile rigidity. The so-called discrete homogenization method is extended to the geometrically nonlinear setting for periodical lattices; incremental schemes are constructed based on a staggered localization-homogenization computation of the lattice response over a repetitive unit cell submitted to a controlled deformation loading. The obtained effective medium is a micropolar anisotropic continuum, the effective properties of which accounting for the geometrical arrangement of the structural elements within the lattice and their mechanical properties. The non affine response of the lattice leads to possible size effects which can be captured by an enrichment of the classical Cauchy continuum either by adding rotational degrees of freedom as for the micropolar effective continuum, or by considering second order gradients of the displacement field. Both strategies are followed in this work, the construction of second order grade continua by discrete homogenization being done in a small perturbations framework. We show that both strategies for the enrichment of the effective continuum are complementary due to the existing analogy in the construction of the micropolar and second order grade continua by homogenization. The combination of both schemes further delivers tension, bending and torsion internal lengths, which reflect the lattice topology and the mechanical properties of its structural elements. Applications to textiles and biological membranes described as quasi periodical networks of filaments are considered. The computed effective response is validated by comparison with FE simulations performed over a representative unit cell of the lattice. The homogenization schemes have been implemented in a dedicated code written in combined symbolic and numerical language, and using as an input the lattice geometry and microstructural mechanical properties. The developed predictive micromechanical schemes offer a design tool to conceive new architectured materials to expand the boundaries of the 'material-property' space