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<p> This dissertation analyzes war discourse in sixteenth-century military handbooks and history plays with a focus on formal performances of martial rhetoric and the informal language used to rally audiences and justify war. Chapter One uses Rhetorical Genre Studies to classify the pre-battle oration as a social genre with common structures and themes, familiar not only to exhorting commanders and their soldiers but also to the general Renaissance populace. Establishing the pre-battle speech as a highly-conventionalized, even ritualized form of oratory, Chapter Two argues that performances of the genre are social actions in which audience familiarity elevates the speech act. This heightened valuation raises anticipation for the rhetorical moment and helps transform events like Elizabeth's Tilbury Speech and Henry V's Agincourt address into transcendent hero narratives. Chapter Three dissects formal justifications of war in William Shakespeare's <i>Henry V</i> and George Peele's <i> The Battle of Alcazar</i>. The chapter demonstrates a playwright's ability either to persuade an audience of legitimate cause, even in the face of possible war crimes, by systematically leading viewers through the rules of Just Cause Theory or to complicate legitimacy assumptions by disrupting the expected framework and destabilizing the systematic narrative. </p><p> The final two chapters examine informal motives in the trope of martial masculinity and in figurative language descriptions of war. Conducting a character analysis of official and surrogate martial commanders in Shakespeare's <i> 1, 2, and 3 Henry VI,</i> Chapter Four evaluates recurrent themes of effeminacy in the manuals. It connects anxieties about masculinity to questions of patriarchal power and uncertainties about sociocultural transitions occuring within an English society that at once idealized peace and vilified it as emasculating. Using Cognitive Metaphor Theory, Chapter Five uncovers similar anxieties embedded in the figurative expressions used to describe war in which warfare is conceptualized as natural and unpredictable, but England's men lack the knowledge and training to keep the country ordered and war-ready. This study advocates for an increased literary-historical awareness of war discourse and gives explicit evidence for connecting the treatises to early modern literature, an assumption that remains as-yet unproven by prevailing scholarship.</p>

Trabalho de pesquisa que pretende retirar o teatro de Gil Vicente de um possível período mais obscurantista, tardo-gótico, para colocá-lo em meio às grandes transformações ocorridas na Europa durante o século XVI, mais propriamente o Renascimento artístico e cultural. A partir de uma crítica textual de autores contemporâneos como Nicolau de Cusa e Martinho Lutero, ou da literatura da Grécia clássica como Platão e Ésquilo, aproximamos o teatro vicentino das fontes clássicas da literatura, ao mesmo tempo em que, por uma crítica de determinadas correntes hegemônicas na análise da literatura como as que vêm do existencialismo e da psicanálise, afastamos seu teatro dessa crítica que antes obscurece do que propriamente o coloca à plena luz. Posto na luz correta, vemos um Gil Vicente em meio aos grandes movimentos de transformação da civilização mediterrânica do século XVI. / Research that want to remove Gil Vicentes theater from a more obscurantist period, "late Gothic", to put it among the great changes occurred in Europe during the sixteenth century, more specifically, the artistic and cultural Renaissance. From a textual criticism of contemporary authors such as Nicholas of Cusa and Martin Luther, or literature of classical Greece as Plato and Aeschylus, we can approache the Vincentian theater and the classical sources of literature at the same time, for a review of certain currents hegemonic analysis in literature, as the current existentialism and psychoanalysis. This move away his theater from the obscur criticism actually and puts it on light. With the correct approach, we can see Gil Vicente in the midst of the great movements of change in the Mediterranean civilization in the sixteenth century.

Trabalho de pesquisa que pretende retirar o teatro de Gil Vicente de um possível período mais obscurantista, tardo-gótico, para colocá-lo em meio às grandes transformações ocorridas na Europa durante o século XVI, mais propriamente o Renascimento artístico e cultural. A partir de uma crítica textual de autores contemporâneos como Nicolau de Cusa e Martinho Lutero, ou da literatura da Grécia clássica como Platão e Ésquilo, aproximamos o teatro vicentino das fontes clássicas da literatura, ao mesmo tempo em que, por uma crítica de determinadas correntes hegemônicas na análise da literatura como as que vêm do existencialismo e da psicanálise, afastamos seu teatro dessa crítica que antes obscurece do que propriamente o coloca à plena luz. Posto na luz correta, vemos um Gil Vicente em meio aos grandes movimentos de transformação da civilização mediterrânica do século XVI. / Research that want to remove Gil Vicentes theater from a more obscurantist period, "late Gothic", to put it among the great changes occurred in Europe during the sixteenth century, more specifically, the artistic and cultural Renaissance. From a textual criticism of contemporary authors such as Nicholas of Cusa and Martin Luther, or literature of classical Greece as Plato and Aeschylus, we can approache the Vincentian theater and the classical sources of literature at the same time, for a review of certain currents hegemonic analysis in literature, as the current existentialism and psychoanalysis. This move away his theater from the obscur criticism actually and puts it on light. With the correct approach, we can see Gil Vicente in the midst of the great movements of change in the Mediterranean civilization in the sixteenth century.

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Bahram Beyzaie, né en 1938 en Iran, est considéré comme un très grand cinéaste et auteur dramatique de sa génération. Si certains de ses films sont bien connus, son théâtre est moins célèbre à l’étranger parce qu’il a été peu traduit et peu joué. Pour lui le théâtre est le lieu par excellence où renouer avec les formes traditionnelles de spectacle non pas pour les reconstituer mais pour parler au public d’aujourd’hui et lutter contre l’amnésie. Il nourrit donc ses pièces de théâtre, ses films, ses contes et ses narrations de l’héritage culturel oublié de son pays. Cette thèse propose d’examiner l’influence, dans son oeuvre dramatique, des spectacles traditionnels d’Iran tels que le Ta’zieh, le Naghâli ou l’Art du conteur, les marionnettes, la farce du Siyâh Bâzi, ainsi que la trace des mythes et de l’histoire de l’Iran. Dans tout ce qu’il écrit, une importance extrême est accordée à la langue perse utilisée avec virtuosité. De nombreux extraits d’ouvrages de recherche et de pièces sont proposés ici en traduction française. Une importante iconographie accompagne cette étude et rend compte des spectacles que Bahram Beyzaie a mis en scène. Il continue son travail artistique en Californie car il est actuellement un auteur en exil. / Born in 1938 in Iran, Bahram Beyzaie is considered as a great filmmaker and playwright of his generation. While some of his films are well known, his theater is less famous abroad because it has been little translated or performed. For him theater is the place where to keep in touch with tradition, not to just preserve it, but to reach today’s public and fight against amnesia. He thus feeds his plays, his films, his tales and his narrations of the forgotten dramatic legacy of his country. This thesis proposes to examine the influence, in his dramatic work, of traditional Iranian performances such as Ta'zieh, Naghali or the Art of Storytelling, Puppet Theater and Siyâh Bâzi or Farce, as well as the traces of the myths and history of Iran. In everything he writes, a prominent place is dedicated to the Persian language used with utmost virtuosity. Many excerpts of texts on the theater and plays are here translated for the first time into French. A very rich iconography, mainly of his own staging of his plays, illustrates the study. Beyzaie continues his artistic work in California where he is presently an author in exile.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALCIONE GOMES DE ALMEIDA.pdf: 857263 bytes, checksum: b1b0c815d6ca4094a6b89baa77e22716 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / This dissertation presents an interpretive and comparative study of the theater performances Dois Perdidos Numa Noite Suja, Navalha na Carne and Balada de um Palhaço, from Plínio Marcos. The main objective is to highlight the uniqueness of aesthetic creation performed by the author, as well as its importance in the Brazilian theatrical scene in plans of content and form. It is observed that the proposed analysis assumes that the works raise distinct ontological and universal issues on the humanity, sometimes half hidden in the textual surface of prosaic appearance. Thus, it is appropriate to deal with aspects that enable interaction with Plinian artistic production, such as the ease of language, composition of characters and texture conflict. Individual examination of the dramatic text is followed by a more specific comparison between them in order to better highlight its characteristics, composed of similarities and differences, which in different ways express immeasurable artistic quality. This the research follows the deductive nature of methodology, bibliographic and documentary, in which the theoretical support account: with articles published at the time of presentation of the parts of Plinio Marcos; theoretical scope of literature and theater, among them: Artaud (1999), Bakhtin (1981, 2002, 2003), Bonfitto (2002), Bornheim (2007) Dort (2010), Magaldi (1994), Nietzsche (1994), Prado (2001), Rosenfeld (1982, 1985, 2008), Szondi (2001), Virmaux (1978). It should be noted the incidence of the theoretical concepts in the analysis of the object of the research parts, which is founded by the fabric of the dramatic text, because it includes not here to study the staging of the shows. / Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo interpretativo e comparativo das peças Dois Perdidos Numa Noite Suja, Navalha na Carne e Balada de um Palhaço, de Plínio Marcos. O objetivo principal é evidenciar o ineditismo da criação estética realizada pelo autor, bem como a sua importância no cenário teatral brasileiro, nos planos do conteúdo e da forma. Observa-se que, a análise proposta parte do princípio de que as obras suscitam distintos temas ontológicos e universais à humanidade, por vezes semi-ocultos na superfície textual de aparência prosaica. Desta forma, é pertinente o tratamento de aspectos que viabilizem a interação com a produção artística pliniana, tais como a desenvoltura da linguagem, composição das personagens e tessitura dos conflitos. O exame individual dos textos dramáticos é seguido de um cotejo mais específico entre eles, a fim de melhor ressaltar suas características, compostas de semelhanças e diferenças, que por caminhos distintos expressam imensurável qualidade artística. Para a realização da pesquisa segue-se a metodologia de cunho dedutivo, bibliográfico e documental, em que o aporte teórico conta: com artigos publicados à época das apresentações das peças de Plínio Marcos; teóricos do âmbito da literatura e do teatro, dentre eles: Artaud (1999), Bakhtin (1981, 2002, 2003), Bonfitto (2002), Bornheim (2007), Dort (2010), Magaldi (1994), Nietzsche (1994), Prado (2001), Rosenfeld (1982, 1985, 2008), Szondi (2001), Virmaux (1978). Cumpre ressaltar a incidência dos conceitos teóricos na análise das peças, objeto do corpus de pesquisa, que se fundamenta pela tessitura do texto dramático, pois não se contempla aqui o estudo da encenação dos espetáculos.

Orientador: Vilma Sant'Anna Arêas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T03:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_Elende_D.pdf: 1946626 bytes, checksum: 4f132b82888f8c166ddcface809d7bd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A obra dramática de Nelson Rodrigues está profundamente ligada a certa noção de trágico, seja pela perspectiva pessimista com que a vida é retratada em seus textos, seja pelo final de derrocada a que suas personagens estão sujeitas. A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivo principal investigar a concepção do sentido de trágico nesta obra. Para isso, utilizei conceitos filosóficos de trágico, vinculando-os à estrutura de tragédia (clássica ou moderna) utilizada pelo dramaturgo, em diferentes sentidos do gênero. Por outro lado, também investiguei elementos cômicos e melodramáticos presentes e como tais recursos auxiliam a própria formação da tragicidade em sua dramaturgia. Das 17 peças escritas por Nelson Rodrigues, ao longo de 40 anos de produção, foram escolhidas cinco para o desenvolvimento da tese: Álbum de família (1945), Anjo negro (1946), Senhora dos afogados (1947), A falecida (1953) e O beijo no asfalto (1961), por entender que nelas está representada grande parte dos elementos utilizados pelo autor para a construção do sentido trágico, seja partindo de uma estrutura trágica, cômica ou melodramática. Elas foram divididas em grupos, denominados tragédias, comédias trágicas ou tragédias urbanas, cada qual com suas características genéricas. Notei, assim, que as estruturas dramáticas se complexificam à medida que elementos e funções de cada gênero se invertem e se misturam, evidenciando a permeabilidade deste teatro / Abstract: Nelson Rodrigues' plays have a profound relation with a certain notion of tragic, because of the pessimistic perspective with which life is treated, as much as the downfall ending that his characters present. This thesis' main aim is to investigate the sense of tragic in this playwriting. For that purpose, I used some philosophical concepts of tragic, connecting them with the tragedies' form (modern or classical) employed by the author, in different meanings of the genre. I also investigated comic and melodramatic aspects and how this elements help to create the tragic meanings. From all 17 plays written by Nelson Rodrigues in 40 years of work I chose five to analyze here: Family Album (1945), Dark Angel (1946), Drowning Mistress (1847), The deceased woman (1953) and Kiss on the asphalt (1961), because I understand that in this plays is represented a great part of the elements used by the author to create the tragic sense, build on a tragic, comic or melodramatic form, each with its genre features. I observed, with the analyses, that the play's forms become more complex with the inversion and combination of the functions of each gender, proving the permeability of this playwriting / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

In this dissertation, I examine the complex role that the body played in early modern constructions of judgment. Moving away from an overreliance on anti-theatrical texts as the authority on the body in Shakespeare's plays, my project intervenes in the field Shakespearean studies by widening the lens through which scholars view the body's role in the early modern theater. Through readings of four plays—Richard II, Hamlet, King Lear, and The Winter's Tale—I demonstrate that Shakespeare uses a wide range of ideas about the human body from religious, philosophical, medical, and cultural spheres of thought to challenge Puritan accusations that the public theater audience is incapable of rational judgment. The first chapter outlines the parameters of the project. In Chapter 2, I argue that Richard II draws parallels between the theatrical community and the community created through the sacramental experiences of baptism and communion to show that bodies play a crucial role in establishing common experience and providing an avenue for judgment. In Chapter 3, I argue that Shakespeare establishes correspondences between bodily and social collaboration to show how both are needed for the memory-making project of the theater. In the next chapter, I show how Shakespeare appropriates what early moderns perceived of as the natural vulnerability in English bodies to suggest the passionate responses associated with impressionability can actually be sources of productive judgment and self-edification. I argue the storm models this passionate judgment, providing a guide for audience behavior. In Chapter 5, I argue that the memories created by and within the women in The Winter's Tale evoke the tradition of housewifery and emphasize the female role in preservation. Female characters stand in for hidden female contributors to the theater and expose societal blindness to women's work. Through each of these chapters, I argue that Shakespeare's plays emphasize the value of bodily experience and suggest that the audience take up what I have termed "corporeal judgment."

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita Alves Miranda.pdf: 2197473 bytes, checksum: 27e1b604e4f02f387a522aa42435e2a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This master s thesis aims to approach the passage of Bertolt Brecht through the theater history and the influence of his proposal for the contemporary art. Initially, we analyzed Brecht s criticism towards some traditional conceptions of theater and the path taken by the author to think the crisis of drama that had settled times before. Along the way were considered some references and possible objections from Brecht to Aristotle and the Aristotelian model of theater. In this controversial debate, we analyzed the references to the Greek philosopher, to clarify weather Brecht really wanted to reject Aristotle, or he proposed an appropriation of that formal model. It is known that the Aristotelian model of theater was removed from the Poetics of Aristotle and suffered different appropriations in different epochs, one of them being the bourgeois reading. This view is refuted by Brecht, when he analyzes the reality of bourgeois drama and realizes that it was necessary that it be revised immediately, because the theater is no longer affecting the people, in the sense that their willingness depended on a relationship of passivity on the part of viewers. Facing this crisis of drama, some artists tried to reformulate it without however succeeding. Brecht, when began his work, had knowledge of these attempts and facing their failures, the goal was to make theater inaugurate a new place in society. In search of the best place he has in mind a place of production of consciousness, radically opposed to the bourgeois-capitalist logic that sought the alienation of individuals. So, now located outside the debate of reckoning with the past, Brecht focuses on your present and faces the ideas of György Lukács which oppose Brecht by thinking art in a different manner and attributing to him the image of Formalist. We also deal whit defending Brecht from these charges. This dissertation, different from common aspect of texts on Bertolt Brecht is not intended to scrutinize the techniques developed by the playwright in the formulation of the Epic Theater, or talking about the formal aspects of his work, but it is based on a philosophical approach, passing briefly through a few moments of the author s thought until it reaches the stage considered as a mature conception of theater, which is also the last phase of his career, when he revised many of his previous positions. This phase is one in which he writes pieces like The Good Soul of Setsuan (1939-1942) and Life of Galileo (1938-1939). Being so, our focus was this mature conception of the author s work and the characteristics of his thinking at that time, thinking that we take as very Brechtian itself. We focus at this moment of his work, to show the compatibility of his thought and a contemporary conception of theater / Este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar a passagem de Bertolt Brecht pela história do teatro e a influência de sua proposta na fase contemporânea da arte. Inicialmente, analisamos a crítica de Brecht dirigida a algumas concepções tradicionais de teatro e o caminho percorrido pelo autor para pensar a crise do drama que se instalara tempos antes. Nesse percurso foram consideradas algumas referências e possíveis objeções de Brecht a Aristóteles e ao modelo aristotélico de teatro. Nesse debate polêmico, analisamos as referências ao filósofo grego, a fim de esclarecer se o que Brecht pretendia era rejeitar mesmo Aristóteles, ou mais uma apropriação daquele modelo formal. Sabe-se que o modelo aristotélico de teatro foi retirado da obra Poética de Aristóteles e que sofreu apropriações segundo as épocas, sendo uma delas a leitura burguesa. Essa leitura é rebatida por Brecht que revê a realidade do drama burguês e percebe que era preciso que ele fosse revisto imediatamente, pois o teatro já não atingia mais as pessoas, mas sua disposição dependia de uma relação de passividade por parte dos espectadores. Frente a dessa crise do drama, alguns artistas, tentaram reformulá-lo sem, no entanto, obter sucesso. Brecht, quando deu início a seu trabalho, já tinha conhecimento dessas tentativas e diante desses fracassos, o objetivo era fazer o teatro inaugurar um novo lugar dentro da sociedade. Em busca do melhor lugar, ele tem em mente um lugar de produção de consciências, opondo-se radicalmente à logica burguesa-capitalista que buscava a alienação dos indivíduos. Assim, localizado já fora do debate de acerto de contas com o passado, Brecht concentrase em seu presente e enfrenta György Lukács que se opõe a Brecht ao pensar a arte de uma forma diferente, atribuindo a este a imagem de Formalista. Nos ocupámos de defender Brecht também dessas acusações. Esta dissertação, diferente do aspecto comum de textos sobre Bertolt Brecht não se propõe a analisar minuciosamente as técnicas desenvolvidas pelo dramaturgo na formulação do Teatro Épico, ou a falar dos aspectos formais de sua obra, senão que se apoia numa abordagem filosófica, que passa rapidamente por alguns momentos do pensamento do autor até chegar à fase considerada como fase de uma concepção madura de teatro, que é também a última fase de sua carreira, quando ele reviu muitas de suas posições anteriores. Esta fase é aquela em que ele escreve peças como A Alma Boa de Setsuan (1939-1942) e Vida de Galileu (1938- 1939). Neste momento do trabalho nosso foco foi essa dada concepção madura da obra do autor e as características de seu pensamento nessa época, pensamento que tomamos como próprio brechtiano. Concentramos nossa atenção neste momento da obra, a fim de mostrar a compatibilidade desse pensamento e uma concepção de teatro contemporânea