A quantitative description of wind-wave and wind-current momentum transfer in high wind conditions is currently unresolved, mainly due to the severe character of the problem. It is, however, necessary for accurate wave models, storm and hurricane forecasting, and atmosphere-ocean model coupling. In this research, strongly forced wind-wave conditions were simulated in a laboratory tank. On the air side, a static pressure probe mounted on a vertical wave follower measured wave-induced airflow pressure fluctuations in close proximity to the surface. Vertical profiles of wave-induced pressure fluctuations were resolved and wave phase dependent features, such as airflow separation, identified. Based on the pressure measurements, wind-wave momentum fluxes were obtained. The dependence of the spectral wave growth function on wind forcing, wave steepness, and wave crest sharpness was also investigated. The bulk air-sea momentum fluxes were estimated using the "total budget" experimental technique. It provided information on the contribution of a wind-wave flux induced by a single wave to the total air-sea momentum flux. The percentile contribution of wind-wave momentum flux into one wave was found to be dependent on the wave's steepness. An arbitrary change in steepness, however, was found to modify the wave field in such a way that it had little effect on the total wind stress. To complement wind stress measurements velocity profiles in the water were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Mean current, turbulent stress, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate vertical profiles were studied as a function of wind speed. Together with wave spectrum evolution measurements they form a complete empirical description of momentum fluxes in the laboratory tank. The results provide a detailed empirical view on airflow pressure fluctuations over a wavy surface, on total wind stress, and on the velocity response in the water. A new wave growth parameterization with wind forcing range extended into storm conditions is the most significant stand alone result of this work. Combined with the near surface vertical profiles, these empirical data also serve as a test bed for coupled air-sea numerical models.

In this thesis, two studies of the diffractive phenomena in the electron proton collisions with the H1 detector at HERA are presented. The first is the study of the inclusive elastic diffractive events $ep o eXp$ in the regime of high photon virtuality ($Q^2 >$ few GeV$^2$), with the scattered proton detected by the Very Forward Proton Spectrometer (VFPS). The VFPS detector, designed to measure diffractive scattered protons with high acceptance, has been installed in 2004 to benefit from the HERA II luminosity increase. The selected event sample of an integrated luminosity of 130.2 pb$^{-1}$ was collected in years 2006-2007. Data sample distributions are compared to the prediction based on the diffractive parton distribution functions, as extracted from the H1 measurement of the diffractive structure function $F_2^{D(3)}$ at HERA I. After the study of the VFPS efficiency, the VFPS acceptance as a function of $xpom$ is estimated and studied in relation to the forward proton beam optics. The second study leads to the cross section measurement of the diffractive scattering of quasi-real photons off protons, $gamma p o gamma Y$, with the large momentum transfer, $|t|$. The final state photon is separated from the proton dissociation system, $Y$, by a large rapidity gap and has a large transverse momentum, $p_T > 2$ GeV. Large $p_T$ imply the presence of the hard scale $t$ ($|t| simeq p_T^2$) and allows predictions of the perturbative QCD to be applied. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity 46.2 pb$^{-1}$ of data collected in the 1999-2000 running period. Cross sections $sigma(W)$ as a function of the incident photon-proton centre of mass energy, $W$, and $ud sigma/ud |t|$ are measured in the range $Q^2 < 0.01$ GeV$^2$, $175 < W < 247$ GeV, $4 < |t| < 36$ GeV$^2$ and $ypom < 0.05$. The cross section measurements have been compared to predictions of LLA BFKL calculations.

The study is focus on intangible assets of medical biotech industry, which is to analyze the factors of value drivers. It is utilizing the value chain, complementary assets, type of industries evolve and momentum formula of physics to build up the model of intangible assets value drivers. The power of intangible assets value drivers can be described as a formula as: (mass ¢® velocity)•direction of industries evolve. Not only we can understand the meaning of factors of intangible assets value drivers through the model, but also we are able to analyze the power of intangible assets value drivers about Taiwan medical biotech industries. Following, is the result of this study: 1. Taiwan biotech pharmacy/chemical pharmacy and gene detector chip industry don¡¦t have ability of intangible assets value drivers. 2. Taiwan medical device industry has the lower ability of intangible assets value drivers. 3. The direction of Taiwan medical biotech industry evolvement is the creative type. 4. All factors of intangible assets must be taken care. If any factor is neglect, the overall power of intangible assets value drivers will have a lower affection. Following, is the meaning of the result of this study: 1. Both of internal resource and external industry structure will influence the power of intangible assets value drivers in medical biotech industry. 2. The companies strive hard by placing more resources and trying to produce the intangible assets, which might not be able to create the value positively. 3. The three key factors of intangible assets all must be taken care in order to create the value. It is impossible to be success, if only depends on single factor that even has the good performance.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the returns of momentum strategies and macroeconomic factors. The empirical results indicate that the phenomenon of underreaction is found in Taiwan stock market in the short term, and adoption of momentum strategies can slightly result in significant positive abnormal returns, while no phenomenon of overreaction is found in the long term, and no significant positive abnormal returns are gained if the contrarian strategies are applied. After dividing the market status into bull market and bear market, we find that the underreaction phenomenon appears in the bull market in the short term, and significant positive returns may be gained if the momentum strategies are used; on the other hand, the overreaction phenomenon appears in the bear market in the long term, and the adoption of contrarian strategies may offer significantly positive returns. In addition, either positive or negative excess returns of momentum strategies are found in the bull and bear markets. The value of (alpha) of the returns mostly exceeds zero after the adjustment of Fama and French three-factor model. Finally, the predictive value of macroeconomic analysis and the analysis of returns of momentum strategies reveal that the rate of return of momentum strategies is higher when the expected rate of return of macro economy in the bull market is getting lower, and the rate of return of momentum strategies is lower while the expected rate of return of macro economy in the bear market is high. We conclude that macroeconomic factors are unrelated to the returns of momentum strategies, regardless of bull market or bear market.

Abstract Market efficiency is a highly debated topic within the academic research field of finance. Several studies have presented that the return on stocks may be predictable by employing the momentum investment strategy, which contradicts the Efficient Market Hypothesis in exchange market. There is extensive international evidence, on an academic level that the momentum investment strategy yields positive abnormal returns when short-term periods are considered. This paper examines the profitability of the momentum investment strategy in Canadian and Swedish stock markets during January 2000 to December 2006. To investigate the strategy, two separate portfolios of winners and losers, each portfolio containing 50 stocks, are created for each market. Then the momentum strategy, which consists in long position in past best performing stocks and short positions in past worst performing stocks, is run for each exchange market. Results show that the strategy generates statistical significance at the 5% level for Canadian market for 9-month holding period, and with the level of significance at the 10% for Swedish market for the 6 and 9-month holding periods after excluding the data for the year 2002. Moreover, results show that the strategy is even stronger in the level of significance during the bull trend of the markets. The paper confirms the existence of the momentum anomaly in TSX and SSE.

High angular momentum Rydberg wave packets are studied. Application of carefully tailored electric fields to low angular momentum, high- n ( n ∼ 300) Rydberg atoms creates coherent superpositions of Stark states with near extreme values of angular momentum, [cursive l]. Wave packet components orbit the parent nucleus at rates that depend on their energy, leading to periods of localization and delocalization as the components come into and go out of phase with each other. Monitoring survival probability signals in the presence of position dependent probing leads to observation of characteristic oscillations based on the composition of the wave packet. The discrete nature of electron energy levels is observed through the measurement of quantum revivals in the wave packet localization signal. Time-domain spectroscopy of these signals allows determination of both the population and phase of individual superposition components. Precise manipulation of wave packets is achieved through further application of pulsed electric fields. Decoherence effects due to background gas collisions and electrical noise are also detailed. Quantized classical trajectory Monte-Carlo simulations are introduced and agree remarkably well with experimental results.

Interventions based on a token economy effectively reduce problematic behavior. Yet, treatment gains deteriorate once an intervention is discontinued. It is important to better understand the persistence of behavior maintained by token reinforcement in simple experimental procedures. A Pavlovian association with primary reinforcement is said to endow neutral stimuli (e.g., coins, poker chips, lights, signs, stickers, etc.) with their own function to strengthen behavior as conditioned reinforcers. Behavioral momentum theory suggests that resistance to change under conditions of disruption is the appropriate measure of response strength. However, some animal studies have suggested that conditioned reinforcement may not affect resistance to change of a response. Here, a novel token reinforcement procedure was developed to investigate the resistance to change of responding maintained by token reinforcement. Pigeons responded on a key to produce tokens displayed on a touchscreen monitor in two signaled token-production components. Tokens accumulated over the two production components prior to a common exchange component where pecks to the tokens on the touchscreen produced food reinforcement. Resistance to change of responding maintained by different rates of token reinforcement was assessed by disrupting baseline token-production responding with presession feeding. Token reinforcement rates had inconsistent effects on baseline token-production response rates. However, small effects of token reinforcement rate on resistance to change were found. Results provide weak support for a response-strengthening account of conditioned reinforcement and insightful directions for future studies of token reinforcement in related procedures.

Inelastic muon-nucleon interactions will be studied using the nuclear emulsion technique. The momentum of the primary muon beam is 15.8 GeV/C. Muons and other leptons of high energy make excellent probes to study mucleon structure. Muon beams of small contamination, using accelerators, became available in 1965, but the data is limited.In this experiment, we will scan several nuclear emulsion pellicles for muon-nucleon inelastic scatters and study the angular distribution of the scattered muon at 15.8 GeV/C. The results will be compared with previous data and also with the theoretical form factor predictions at this momentum.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This paper is the result of a master thesis project on helicopter rotor downwash effects using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The work was performed at the department of Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics at Saab AB, Linköping in 2008. It completes the author’s studies for a M.Sc degree in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Linköping institute of technology (LiTH), Linköping, Sweden.   The aim of the project was to study the rotor downwash effects and its influence on the helicopter fuselage. To fulfil this purpose, several CFD calculations were carried out and the aerodynamic forces and moments resulting from the calculations were implemented in an existing simulation model, developed in-house at Saab. The original (existing) model was compared to the updated model by studying step responses in MATLAB, Simulink. For some step commands, the comparisions indicated that the updated model was more damped in yaw compared to the original model for the hovering helicopter. When the helicopter was trimmed for a steady turn, the states in the updated model diverged much faster than the states in the original model for any given step command.     In order to investigate the differences between the original helicopter model and the updated model from a controlling perspective, a linear quadratic (LQ) state feedback controller was synthesized to stabilize the vehicle in a steady turn. The LQ method was chosen as it is a modern design technique with good robustness and sensitivity properties and since it is easily implemented in MATLAB.  Before synthesising, a simplification of the helicopter model was made by reducing states and splitting them into lateral and longitudinal ones. Step responses from simulations with the original and the updated model were studied, showing an almost identical behavior.   It can be concluded that the aerodynamic coefficients obtained from the CFD calculations can be used for determining the aerodynamic characteristics of the helicopter. Some further validation is needed though, for example by comparing the results with flight test data. In order to build an aerodynamic data base that covers the whole flight envelop, additional CFD calculations are required.

The aim of this project is to design a microstrip phase array antenna in ADS (Advance Design System) Momentum. The resonant frequency of which is 10 GHz. Two circular patches with a radius of 5.83 mm each are used in designing the array antenna. RT-DURROID 5880 is used as a substrate for this microstrip patch array design. These circular patches are excited using coaxial probe feed and transmission lines of particular lengths and widths. These transmission lines perfectly match the impedance of the circular patches. Various parameters, for example the S-parameters, two dimensional and three dimensional radiation patterns, excitation models, gain, directivity and efficiency of the designed antenna are obtained from ADS Momentum.