MSCAGR (Agricultural Economics) / Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness / ABSTRACT This study was carried out to determine how members of households perceive economic benefits of production and marketing of Moringa in the Thulamela Local Municipality. The study adopted the snowball sampling procedure to identify the population of members of households who produce and market Moringa. Simple random sampling procedure was adopted to select 146 participants from the identified population. The Cross tabulations and Probit regression model were used as the analytical tools for this study. The results of the study revealed amongst others, that majority of members of households who were producing Moringa had no access to Moringa markets, and most of them were aware of the economic benefits of Moringa. The statistical significant variables which influenced the perceptions of members of households regarding economic benefits of production and marketing of Moringa were level of education (p < 0.01), Moringa farming experience (p < 0.05), access to market (p < 0.05), as well as the access to information (p < 0.05) about the production and the demand of Moringa produce. The study concluded that majority of respondents perceived that the production and marketing of Moringa would help to achieve sustainable livelihood for people living in Thulamela Local Municipality, while others were of the view that Moringa has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security and foster rural development. The study recommended that establishment of Moringa markets, formation of Moringa cooperatives and promotional campaigns to educate members of households about the economic benefits of Moringa should be enhanced. / NRF

Cette thèse vise à comprendre pourquoi une grande partie de la population malgache souffre de malnutrition alors que le pays est connu pour ses richesses en ressources naturelles, comme les feuilles de Moringa oleifera (MO). L’hypothèse principale est que la malnutrition est liée non seulement à la pauvreté, mais aussi aux croyances et comportements alimentaires. Une démarche en trois phases a été utilisée. La caractérisation nutritionnelle et sensorielle des poudres de MO a tout d’abord montré des variations des taux en protéine, lipides, acides aminés et gras, calcium, magnésium et fer et des propriétés organoleptiques en fonction du lieu d’origine de MO. Des études de croyances et pratiques alimentaires ont ensuite été réalisées dans deux régions en zones rurales et urbaines. Elles ont montré que les aliments glucidiques dominent dans l’alimentation. En revanche, les légumes-feuilles ne sont pas considérés comme nutritives. Les attitudes et comportements alimentaires sont plus basés sur les propriétés sanitaires des aliments que sur l’équilibre en nutriments et le caractère énergétique. Les facteurs déterminants le choix alimentaire de la population ont été identifiés:disponibilité, prix, pouvoir rassasiant, habitude et préférence. Enfin, quatre formulations combinant manioc et MO ont été évaluées par des enfants : le produit avec 1,2 % de poudre de MO et sucré est le plus accepté et choisi face aux autres qui contiennent moins de MO et non sucrés. Il serait possible de contribuer dans la lutte contre la malnutrition en proposant des produits pas chers et incorporant le MO avec des programmes d’éducations adaptés à chaque zone cible. / This work aims at understanding why a high proportion of Malagasy population suffer frommal nutrition, while Madagascar is rich on natural resources, like Moringa oleifera leaves (MO). The hypothesis is that malnutrition is related not only on poverty but also on food beliefs and behaviour. The studies integrating sociopsychology, food sciences and nutrition were conducted on three phases. First, nutritional and sensory characterizations of MO powder showed variations of protein, fat, amino acids, fatty acids, calcium, magnesium and iron contents and organoleptic proprieties depending on locations. Secondly, a study of food beliefs and practices was performed in two regions in urban and rural zones. It showed that Malagasy food is mostly based on carbohydrates foods and that leafy vegetables are not considered as nutritious. Food attitudes and behaviours were mostly based on sanitary proprieties of food than on the equilibrium of nutrients and the caloric characters. The determinants factors of food choice of the Malagasy population were identified: availability, price, satiating power, habit and preference. Finally, four formulations combining cassava roots and MO were evaluated by school age children: the sweet product with 1.2% of MO was the most accepted and chosen in front of the others containing less MO and not sweet. It is possible to contribute to fight against malnutrition by proposing cheap foods containing MO and by integrating information about MO in nutrition education programs adapted to each target area.

The high cost of feed materials and feed additives in developing nations has elicited interest in the search for sustainable alternatives. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), one of such sustainable alternatives is a tropical plant that has its usefulness investigated in this study. A 42-day study was designed to determine the response of Ross 308 broilers to dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. The Moringa oleifera leaves used for the study were analysed for proximate, mineral and composition as well as phytochemical contents before being incorporated in the diet. Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 500) were allotted to five treatments in completely randomized design with each treatment replicated five times and each replicate having 20 chicks. The birds were subjected to diets supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed at both starter and finisher stage, respectively and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Moringa oleifera leaf meal level that supported optimum production and physiological variables was modelled using the quadratic function. At day 42, three birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and organ yields. Result of the proximate composition revealed that MOLM is rich in protein (32.37%) and neutral detergent fibre (52.16%). Mineral assay indicated that MOLM was high in calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur and iron. Daily feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were the same among the treatments with the exception of starter broilers on diet T1 that had higher ADG (p<0.05) than those on the other diets. Final live weight (FLW), mortality and gizzard weight were influenced (p<0.05) by Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no effect on parameters measured. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation at 39.98 and 35.80 g/kg feed supported optimum FLW and ADG at starter phase and 46.88 g/kg feed MOLM supported optimum FLW at finisher phase. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal is a good source of nutrients and suitable for production of enhanced cut parts in broiler chickens. Birds on 50 and 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed had higher (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and glucose than those on the other 3 treatment diets. The white blood cell (WBC) counts for birds on 50 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed were higher (p<0.05) than those on 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed but similar (p>0.05) to those on 0, 25 and 75 g MOLM/kg feed. Blood platelet count maintained the trend 75 g > 0 g > 50 g > 100 g > 25 g MOLM/kg feed with birds on 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed being statistically higher (p<0.05) than those on 25, 50 and 100 g MOLM/kg feed. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no significant effect (p>0.05) on haemoglobin (Hb), total serum protein (TSP), albumin, cholesterol and uric acid. Triglyceride (TG) level of birds on 25, 75 and 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed decreased significantly compared to those on 0 and 50 g MOLM/kg feed. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the differential WBC count. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation with 26.99 g/kg feed and 31.95 g/kg feed respectively supported optimum PCV (38.62%) and glucose (245.42 mg/dl) in Ross 308 broilers. It is, therefore summarized that optimizing MOLM supplementation level in the ration of Ross 308 broilers could assist in improving their productivity. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / Ph. D. (Agriculture)

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Industrial process have been historically an important factor of environmental degradation. The disposal of industrial wastes, mainly containing toxic metals, in water sources represents a problem of great concern not only in relation to biota in receiving environment but also to humans. In this work, the adsorptive capacity of the crushed seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. was evaluated in order to quest alternative materials for removal and preconcentration of silver ions. The first chapter describes the results of removal of Ag(I) ions in contaminated aqueous systems utilizing moringa seeds. Preliminary tests were carried out using the seeds of moringa as: non-shelled, shelled seeds and husks were tested for their adsorption potential for ions Ag(I). The results showed greater efficiency for non-shelled seeds. The parameters evaluated were: particle size, pH and agitation time, concentration and volume of solution, adsorbent mass. Silver was quantified before and after treatment, by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The optimum conditions were: particle size &#8804; 500 &#956;m, pH = 6.5, agitation time = 20 minutes, adsorbente mass = 2.0 g, concentration of Ag(I) = 25 mg L-1 and volume = 100 mL. In these conditions, the removal of ions Ag(I) was 98%. The proposed methodology was applied to the treatment of the following samples: residue of experimental classes of Analytical Chemistry and analysis of chemical oxygen demand, generated at the university, and waste photographic material from local industries. The values obtained for the removal of Ag(I) were 92%, 82% and 91% respectively, using the non-shelled seeds of moringa as adsorbent. Also, it was studied the possible interference of other metals in proposed method, namely Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II) e Pb(II). The value of the maximum adsorptive capacity for ions Ag(I) was 25.56 mg g-1 obtained through of the adsorption isotherm. Characterization techniques, including infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess physical and chemical proprieties of nonshelled seeds of moringa. The second chapter was presented a method for preconcentration of v ions using flow system and non-shelled seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. as adsorbent material. The preconcentration system was coupled to FAAS. The following experimental conditions carried out: for 4 minutes leachate solution of Ag(I) 0.01 mg L-1, about of ground seeds of moringa packaged in a mini-column flow of. The elution was performed with of HNO3 0.5 mol L-1. The concentration factor was 35, resulting in detection limit of 0.22 &#956;gL-1 e quantification limit of 0.73 &#956;gL-1. Accuracy of the method was cheked by using certified reference material for water APS-1071 (Alpha Resources 3090 Johnson RD, Stevensville, USA). The proposed method has advantages such as low cost of sorbent, high efficiency and minimization of chemical sludge. The moringa is an alternative material for chemical remediation and is economically and environmentally friendly. / Processos industriais tem sido historicamente um importante fator de degradação ambiental. A disposição inadequada de resíduos industriais contendo metais tóxicos em fontes de águas representa um grande problema, que concerne não somente à biota, mas também para humanos. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a capacidade adsortiva das sementes trituradas de Moringa oleifera Lam. como um material alternativo para remoção e pré-concentração de íons Ag(I) em águas. No primeiro capítulo foi avaliada a capacidade das sementes de moringa para remoção de íons Ag(I) em sistemas aquosos contaminados por este íon metálico. Antes da otimização dos parâmetros foram realizados testes preliminares com a moringa envolvendo a casca da semente, polpa da semente e a semente integral para avaliar a parte da semente que apresentava maior capacidade de remoção, e como espécie analítica de interesse, utilizou-se íons Ag(I). Os resultados mostram maior eficiência usando as sementes integrais. Os parâmetros de otimização avaliados para o adsorvente nos ensaios de remoção foram: granulometria, pH e tempo de agitação, volume de solução, concentração e massa do adsorvente. A quantificação do teor de prata, antes e após o tratamento, foi realizada por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica por Chama (FAAS). As condições otimizadas foram: Granulometria &#8804; 500 &#956;m; pH = 6,5; Tempo de Agitação = 20 minutos; Massa = 2,0 g; concentração de Ag(I) = 25 mg L-1 e volume = 100 mL. Observou-se uma remoção de íons Ag(I) de 98% quando se utiliza a Moringa oleifera Lam. como adsorvente. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada para o tratamento das seguintes amostras: resíduo de aulas práticas de Química Analítica e de análise de DQO, gerados nesta Instituição de Ensino; de material fotorrevelador e resíduo de material gráfico, ambos obtidos em indústrias locais. Os valores obtidos para a remoção de Ag(I) foram de 92%, 82% e 91% respectivamente, utilizando as sementes trituradas de moringa como adsorvente, sendo que para o resíduo do material gráfico não foi detectado a presença do metal de interesse. Foi estudada a possível interferência de outros metais nesta análise, a saber: Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II) e Pb(II). O valor da capacidade máxima adsortiva (CMA) de íons Ag(I) pelo adsorvente 25,56 mg g-1 de semente de moringa seca, foi obtido com a construção da isoterma de adsorção, determinando-se graficamente a quantidade máxima (mg) do adsorvato que pode ser adsorvido numa dada massa de adsorvente (g). Técnicas de caracterização incluindo espectrometria por infravermelho, difração de raios-X, análise termogravimétrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram utilizadas na avaliação físico-química das sementes trituradas de moringa. No segundo capítulo foi apresentado um método de pré-concentração de íons Ag(I) utilizando análise em fluxo com o emprego de sementes trituradas de Moringa oleifera Lam., como material adsorvente. O sistema de pré-concentração acoplado ao FAAS foi executado com o referido adsorvente percolando durante 4 minutos solução de Ag(I) 0,01 mg L-1, na mini-coluna recheada com 35 mg de sementes trituradas de moringa a uma vazão de 5,5 mL min-1. A eluição foi realizada com 100 &#956;L de HNO3 0,5 mol L-1. Foi obtido um fator de préconcentração igual a 35; limite de detecção (LD) igual a 0,22 mg L-1 e limite de quantificação (LQ) igual a 0,73 mg L-1. A exatidão do método foi atestada com o uso de padrão certificado para águas APS-1071 (Alpha Resources 3090 Johnson RD, Stevensville, USA). Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o material apresentou alta capacidade de remoção para íons Ag(I). O método desenvolvido mostrou-se satisfatório para a pré-concentração e determinação de íons prata em águas dada a sua simplicidade, eficiência, baixo custo e pouca influência dos contaminantes estudados. Avalia-se que a utilização da Moringa oleifera Lam. como material alternativo para a pré-concentração de prata é viável. / Doutor em Química

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3553488 bytes, checksum: c7a68dde18e1eb50115987c8405cadf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The species Moringa oleifera Lamarck is a perennial and drought-tolerant plant cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plant. In this study, ethanolic extracts of leaves, flowers, and seed pods of this plant were evaluated for their protective effect against soybean and fish oil oxidation. For this, total extractable phenolics (TEP) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method, as well as the antioxidant potential, using the DPPH radical scavenging activity method (RSA-DPPH), iron power reduction (FRAP) and &#946;-carotene/ linoleic acid system. The thermal stability of extracts was measured by thermal analysis (TG / DTA) and the antioxidant effect on soybean and fish oils was investigated by the Rancimat method, pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC) and accelerated storage test. The preliminary toxicity assessment of extracts was performed using Artemia salina larvae. The TEP levels in extracts of leaves, flowers and seed pods were (53.69 ± 1.00), (45.85 ± 1.71), (41.75 ± 3.35) and (8.06 ± 0.47) mg GAE / g of extract, respectively. In tests to determine the antioxidant capacity, extract from leaves showed better RSA-DPPH and FRAP and also higher antioxidant activity in the &#946;-carotene/ linoleic acid system. In the thermal stability evaluation, extract from leaves was also more stable than the other extracts. In tests to evaluate the antioxidant effect of extracts, it was found that extract from leaves was more efficient in both oils in Rancimat and P-DSC methods with protective effect equivalent to synthetic antioxidant BHT in soybean oil using the Rancimat method. In the accelerated storage test, it was found that after 16 days of storage, extract from leaves was the most effective in inhibiting the formation of oxidation products in both oils, being more effective than BHT and TBHQ in fish oil. The results of the preliminary toxicity assessment showed low toxicity, suggesting that the extracts may be consumed without health damage. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of moringa leaves has efficient protective effect when applied to lipid systems of low oxidative stability and could be an alternative source of potential application in the oils and fats industry. / A Moringa oleífera Lamark é uma planta perene e tolerante a seca cultivada como planta ornamental e medicinal. No presente estudo, os extratos etanólicos das folhas, flores, cascas das vagens e sementes desta planta foram avaliados quanto a sua proteção contra a oxidação dos óleos de soja e de peixe. Para isso, foram determinados o teor de fenólicos extraíveis totais (FET) através do método Folin-Ciocalteau e o potencial antioxidante, empregando-se os métodos de sequestro do radical DPPH (RSA-DPPH), poder de redução do ferro (FRAP) e sistema &#946;-caroteno/ácido linoléico. A estabilidade térmica dos referidos extratos foi avaliada através da análise térmica (TG/DTA) e o efeito antioxidante investigado nos óleos de soja e de peixe através dos métodos Rancimat, calorimetria exploratória diferencial pressurizada (PDSC) e teste de estocagem acelerada em estufa. A avaliação preliminar da toxicidade dos extratos foi realizada utilizando larvas de Artemia salina. Os teores FET nos extratos das folhas, flores, casca das vagens e sementes foram (53,69 ± 1,00); (45,85 ± 1,71); (41,75 ± 3,35) e (8,06 ± 0,47) mg GAE/g de extrato, respectivamente. Nos ensaios de determinação da capacidade antioxidante, o extrato das folhas apresentou melhor RSA-DPPH, FRAP e também maior atividade antioxidante no sistema &#946;-caroteno/ácido linoleico. Na avaliação da estabilidade térmica, o extrato das folhas também se mostrou mais estável do que os demais extratos. Nos ensaios de avaliação do efeito antioxidante dos extratos, verificou-se que o extrato das folhas foi o mais eficiente em ambos os óleos nos métodos Rancimat e PDSC, com efeito protetor equivalente ao antioxidante sintético BHT no óleo de soja na técnica Rancimat. No teste de estocagem acelerada em estufa, foi verificado que após 16 dias de armazenamento o extrato das folhas foi o mais eficaz na inibição da formação dos produtos da oxidação primária e secundária em ambos os óleos, sendo mais eficiente do que o BHT e TBHQ no óleo de peixe. Os resultados da avaliação preliminar de toxicidade indicaram uma baixa toxicidade dos extratos, sugerindo que os mesmos podem ser consumidos sem prejuízo à saúde. Estes resultados sugerem que o extrato etanólico das folhas de moringa possui efeito protetor eficiente quando aplicado a sistemas lipídicos de baixa estabilidade oxidativa, podendo vir a ser uma fonte alternativa de potencial aplicação na indústria de óleos e gorduras.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-17T15:14:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JéssicaBMM_DISSERT.pdf: 581155 bytes, checksum: 7e403d68146a4eae342ccc4a752f27c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T15:14:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JéssicaBMM_DISSERT.pdf: 581155 bytes, checksum: 7e403d68146a4eae342ccc4a752f27c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Moringa oleifera leaves are considered a promising food for the Northeast because of its nutritional profile and its ability to be keeping green during periods of drought. The research objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical composition and digestibility and energy value of sheets of dried moringa for birds. The chemical analyzes were carried out for crude protein, dry matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, ash and gross energy by the conventional method and the next spectrometry method of infrared. In the measurement of chlorophyll and the main bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, total carotenoids, flavonoids yellow, total extractable polyphenols and vitamin C through the spectrometric method. The results of the composition of the dried leaves of the Moringa showed that it has good crude protein (30.93%) for conventional analysis and analysis in NIRS (31.64%) anthocyanins (1.02 mg / 100g), carotenoids total (1.48 mg / kg), chlorophyll (120.62 mg / kg), yellow flavonoids (25.76 mg / 100g), polyphenols (105.15 mg / 100g), especially the amount of vitamin C (485.71 mg / 100g). In the digestibility trial, 20 adult birds were housed individually in cages adapted for excreta collection, with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% inclusion of moringa leaves), distributed in a completely randomized design. For apparent digestibility of diets with increasing levels of inclusion of dehydrated leaves of Moringa oleifera was observed a decreasing linear effect for mineral matter (MM)), y = 27.3120 - 0,4934x, (R2 = 0.65) , ether extract (EE), y = 87.3124 - 0,9394x, (R2 = 0.72); neutral detergent fiber (NDF), y = 29.6686 - 0,2957x, (R2 = 0.61); acid detergent fiber (ADF), y = 20.2322 - 0,1688x, (R2 = 0.68); for the metabolization coefficient of gross energy (GE), y = 72.4564 - 0,4285x, (R2 = 0.77) and apparent metabolizable energy of feed (EMA) y = 3783.96 - 15,52x ( R2 = 0.29). With exeção of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), that no significant effects. The value of apparent metabolizable energy of moringa leaves for adult birds was 2.155,81kcal / kg, a value obtained by Matterson technique. Also the coefficient of energy metabolism (CME) with 47.44% for moringa leaf was observed / As folhas de Moringa oleífera são consideradas um alimento promissor para região nordeste, devido ao seu perfil nutricional e sua capacidade de ser manter verde durante os períodos de estiagem. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a composição físicoquímica e a digestibilidade e o valor energético das folhas de moringa desidratadas para aves. As análises bromatológicas foram realizadas quanto aos teores de proteína bruta, matéria seca, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, cinzas e energia bruta pelo método convencional e pelo método de espectrometria próxima de infravermelho. Além da quantificação de clorofila a e principais compostos bioativos como: antocianinas, caratenoides totais, flavonoides amarelos, polifenóis extraíveis totais e vitamina C, através do método de espectrometria. Os resultados da composição das folhas desidratadas da moringa mostraram que a mesma apresenta bons teores de proteína bruta (30,93%) para análises convencionais e para análises no NIRS (31,64%) antocianinas (1,02 mg/100g), carotenoides totais (1,48 mg/kg), clorofila a (120,62 mg/kg), flavonoides amarelos (25,76 mg/100g), polifenóis (105,15 mg/100g) , destacando-se a quantidade de vitamina C (485,71 mg/100g). No ensaio de digestibilidade, 20 aves adultas foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas metálicas adaptadas para coleta total de excretas, com cinco tratamentos (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusão das folhas de moringa), distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Para coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das rações com níveis crescentes de inclusão de folhas desidratadas de Moringa oleífera, foi observado um efeito linear decrescente para matéria mineral (MM) ), y= 27,3120 – 0,4934x, (R2 = 0,65), extrato etéreo (EE), y= 87,3124 – 0,9394x, (R2 = 0,72); fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), y= 29,6686 - 0,2957x, (R2 = 0,61); fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), y= 20,2322 – 0,1688x, (R2 = 0,68); para o coeficiente de metabolização de energia bruta (EB), y= 72,4564 – 0,4285x, (R2 = 0,77) e para energia metabolizável aparente das rações (EMA) y= 3783,96 – 15,52x, (R2 = 0,29). Com exeção da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB),que não observados efeitos significativos. O valor de energia metabolizável aparente das folhas de moringa para aves adultas foi de 2.155,81kcal/kg, valor este obtido através da técnica de Matterson. Também foi observado o coeficiente de metabolização de energia (CME) com 47,44 % para folha de moringa / 2017-03-16

PEREIRA, Mirella Leite. Identificação de uma proteína ligante à quitina em sementes de Moringa oleifera Lamarck com atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória. 2010. 148 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T12:58:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_mlpereira.pdf: 2928438 bytes, checksum: baa96d60cb675c47c7cfb74d94bbcad3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-02T20:02:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_mlpereira.pdf: 2928438 bytes, checksum: baa96d60cb675c47c7cfb74d94bbcad3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T20:02:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_mlpereira.pdf: 2928438 bytes, checksum: baa96d60cb675c47c7cfb74d94bbcad3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Moringa oleifera Lam. is a perennial multipurpose tree with a strong scientific evidence of its curative power and used in folk medicine to cure several inflammatory processes. This work aimed to isolate and characterize a chitin-binding protein from Moringa oleifera seeds, and evaluate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Chitin-binding proteins were obtained after application of albumin fraction from crude extract of M. oleifera seeds into a chitin column and the adsorbed fraction was applied in a Resource-S matrix attached to FPLC system. The fraction eluted with 50 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.2, containing 0.6 M NaCl, named Mo-CBP4 was used for the experiment. Mo-CBP4 showed a single band on SDS-PAGE (molecular mass 9.8 kDa) in presence of reducing agent, however in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol two bands corresponding to 27.5 and 16.5 kDa were observed. Bidimensional electrophoresis of this protein revealed the presence of two spots (18.7 and 13.4 kDa), with the same isoeletric point value corresponding to 10.55. Mo-CBP4 is a glycoprotein containing 2.85% neutral sugar, which failed to agglutinate untreated or trypsin-treated erythrocytes from rabbit or human origin. This protein showed coagulant activity, similar to aluminum and potassium sulfate, the coagulant most widely used in water treatment. Mo-CBP4 was subjected to in vitro digestion with pepsin, trypsin, or chymotrypsin and appeared to be markedly resistant to digestion. Acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions, increase in vascular permeability and leukocyte migration tests were used for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities assessment. Mo-CBP4 (1.0, 3.5 and 10 mg/kg) into mice potently and significantly reduced the occurrence of abdominal writhing in a dose dependent manner by 18.9, 44.6% and 98.9%, respectively. In addition, the oral administration of the protein (10 mg/kg) resulted in 18% and 52.9% reductions in abdominal writhing when given 30 and 60 min prior to acetic acid administration, respectively. Mo-CBP4 also caused a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of peritoneal capillary permeability induced by acid acetic and significantly inhibited leukocyte accumulation in the peritoneal cavity. The effect antinociceptive appeared to be independent on the carbohydrate recognition site. However the anti-inflammatory activity was partially reversed when Mo-CBP4 was pre-incubated with specific carbohydrate ligand, showing that this effect is dependent on the carbohydrate recognition site / Moringa oleifera Lam. é uma árvore conhecida pelo seu valor medicinal, uma vez que extratos de todas as partes desta planta mostraram propriedades farmacológicas reconhecidas pelo uso popular e corroboradas pela comunidade científica. Dentre as atividades farmacológicas, destacam-se àquelas relacionadas a processos inflamatórios. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o isolamento e caracterização de uma proteína ligante à quitina de sementes de Moringa oleifera e avaliação de suas atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória. As proteínas foram extraídas da farinha delipidada de sementes e o extrato total foi fracionado em albuminas e globulinas. A fração albumínica foi submetida à cromatografia de afinidade em matriz de quitina. A fração ligante à quitina eluída com N-acetil-D-glucosamina 0,1 M foi submetida à cromatografia de troca iônica acoplada a um sistema de FPLC, rendendo cinco picos protéicos. O material eluído com tampão acetato de sódio 0,5 M, pH 5,2, contendo NaCl 0,6 M, denominado Mo-CBP4 (Mo – Moringa oleifera; “CBP – “chitin binding protein”), teve um rendimento final de 0,54% e foi escolhido para dar continuidade ao trabalho. Mo-CBP4 apresentou-se como duas bandas protéicas de massas moleculares aparentes de 27,5 e 16,5 kDa, em condições não-redutoras, e de 9,8 kDa em condições redutoras. Eletroforese bidimensional desta proteína revelou a presença de dois spots (18,7 e 13,4 kDa), com mesmo ponto isoelétrico (pI de 10,55). Trata-se de uma glicoproteína com 2,85% de carboidratos, não apresentando atividade hemaglutinante. Mo-CBP4 mostrou-se tão eficiente quanto o sulfato de alumínio e potássio na capacidade de coagular material em suspensão na água. A proteína em questão foi resistente à proteólise no teste de digestibilidade in vitro utilizando pepsina, tripsina e quimotripsina. Para avaliar os efeitos antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório de Mo-CBP4, foi utilizado o modelo de contorções abdominais induzidas pela injeção de ácido acético 0,8% (via i.p.) em camundongos. A proteína, nas doses de 1,0, 3,5 e 10 mg/kg, foi capaz de prevenir as contorções de maneira dose dependente, chegando a 98,9% de inibição na dose de 10 mg/kg. Mo-CBP4 também apresentou atividade antinociceptiva por via oral (10 mg/kg), atingindo uma inibição de 52,9% quando administrada 60 minutos antes da injeção de ácido acético. Mo-CBP4 inibiu o aumento da permeabilidade vascular (89,1%) e a migração leucocitária (60,9%) na dose de 10 mg/kg via i.p. A propriedade antinociceptiva parece ser independente do sítio de interação ao carboidrato N-acetil-D-glucosamina, enquanto que a atividade anti-inflamatória mostrou um decréscimo quando a região de ligação ao carboidrato foi bloqueada. Os resultados apresentados suportam cientificamente o uso popular da M. oleifera e mostram que uma proteína ligante à quitina, Mo-CBP4, está associada aos efeitos antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório das sementes

Um dos grandes desafios para a Ciência é buscar processos metodológicos que reflitam direta ou indiretamente no ambiente, diminuindo o impacto ao meio e ao mesmo tempo, proporcionando o desenvolvimento desses processos. A água é, atualmente, um desses desafios, principalmente quanto à disponibilidade e ao padrão de qualidade microbiológico e físico-químico para consumo. Por causa desta problemática, é que o trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar sementes de moringa para redução da turbidez, por apresentar um biocoagulante que apresenta vantagens, quando se compara com os coagulantes químicos. A água foi coletada no rio Capibaribe, no município de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os parâmetros físico-químicos como pH, condutividade elétrica e turbidez foram determinados antes (pH=8,11; CE=8,35 mS/cm; turbidez=16,62 NTU) e após o tratamento. As concentrações do pó da Moringa oleífera foram 0, 50, 100, 200, 250 e 300 mg/200mL de água, relacionados com tempo de contato correspondente a 0,1, 2, 4 e 6 horas, sendo estes ajustados pelo planejamento experimental DCCR. Após os ensaios, o resultado obtido na remoção de até 100 % da turbidez foi com a concentração de 200 mg, com o tempo de sedimentação de 2 horas, comprovando a eficiência do biocoagulante presente na semente da Moringa oleífera para a clarificação da água. Antes e após os tratamentos foram determinadas turbidez, pH e condutividade elétrica. Os resultados foram analisados pela tabela ANOVA e o gráfico de Pearson que representavam respectivamente um nível de significância de 5 % e correlação entre as variáveis. Verificou-se que o tempo de sedimentação e o pH apresentou correlação de 0,63; e de turbidez com pH foi de 0,49. Os resultados observados nas fotomicrografias eletrônicas de varredura indicam melhoria da biossorvência de partículas dissolvidas. / One of the greatest challenges for science is searching for methodological processes which reflect directly or indirectly in the environment, decreasing the environmental impact and at the same time, providing the development of these processes. Water is currently one of those challenges, especially with regard to the availability and the pattern of physical-chemical and microbiological quality for consumption. Because of this problem, is that the work aims using moringa seeds to reduce turbidity, by presenting a biological coagulant that has advantages, when compared with the chemical coagulants. The water was collected in the Capibaribe River, in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The physical and chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and turbidity were determined before (pH=8 .11; CE=8.35 mS/cm; turbidez= 16.62 NTU) and after treatment. The Moringa powder oleifera were 0, 50, 100, 200, 250 and 300 mg/200mL of water, related to contact time corresponding to 0.1, 2, 4, and 6:0, which are adjusted for planning experimental CCRD. After the tests, the result obtained in the removal of up to 100 of the turbidity was with the concentration of 200 mg, with the time of sedimentation 2:0, proving the efficiency of biological coagulant present in Moringa seed oleifera for clarifying the water. Before and after the treatments were determined turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity. The results were analyzed by ANOVA table and the chart of Pearson representing respectively a significance level of 5 and correlation between variables. It was found that the time of sedimentation and pH showed correlation of 0.63; turbidity and pH was 0.49. The results observed in the electronic scanning photomicrographs indicate improvement in the particle biological sorvente dissolved.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:17:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdnaLOLF_DISSERT.pdf: 936304 bytes, checksum: 645a4e30c5be1b2d7ff3581233d1e56e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Seed germination and seedling establishment are critical processes for commercial plantation and depend directly on reserve mobilization as a source of cellular fuels and biosynthetic precursors. In this way, we investigated the coordination among reserve mobilization, metabolite partitioning, and mobilizing enzyme activities in Moringa oleifera Lam (moringa) an oil-seeded species employed in biofuel production. Seeds were germinated under controlled conditions and seedlings were grown hydroponically at a greenhouse. Samples were harvested at 0, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 days after imbibition (DAI). The contents of dry mass (DM), neutral lipids (NL), soluble proteins (SP), starch, total soluble sugars (TSS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), and total free amino acids (TFAA) as the activity of isocitrate lyase (ICL), acid proteases, and amylases were determined. The mobilization of storage proteins was initiated during seed germination whereas the mobilization of storage lipids and starch was triggered throughout seedling establishment although all reserves have been depleted until 20 DAI. The partitioning of DM and metabolites to the roots and the shoots was uneven during seedling establishment. Low shoot/root ratio on the basis of DM could be related to the natural occurrence of moringa in drought climates. In the roots, TSS, NRS, and TFAA were accumulated from 12 to 16 DAI and then were consumed until the end of the experiment. In the shoots, TSS and TFAA were consumed in parallel with NRS accumulation from 12 to 20 DAI. The activity of ICL, acid proteases, and amylases was coordinated with the mobilization of lipids, proteins and starch respectively. Thus, we propose that the patterns of reserve mobilization and metabolite partitioning verified in moringa seem distinct from those found to other tree species and may be involved in metabolic strategies to enable environment colonization / A germina??o da semente e o estabelecimento da pl?ntula s?o processos cr?ticos para o cultivo comercial. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a mobiliza??o das reservas e a parti??o dos produtos durante estes processos em moringa, uma esp?cie promissora para a produ??o de biodiesel no Nordeste Brasileiro. Para tanto, as sementes foram germinadas em sistema de rolo sob condi??es controladas (80 ?mol/m2/s, fotoper?odo de 12h e 27?2 ?C) e as pl?ntulas foram transferidas para ?gua destilada em vasos pl?sticos de 1 L de capacidade e mantidas em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o por mais 10 dias. As coletas foram realizadas aos 0, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16 e 20 dias ap?s a embebi??o (DAE), dividindo as pl?ntulas em cotil?dones, parte a?rea e sistema radicular. Foram determinados os conte?dos de massa seca (MS), lip?deos neutros (LN), prote?nas sol?veis (PS), amido, a??cares sol?veis totais (AST), a??cares n?o redutores (ANR) e amino?cidos livres totais (AALT) e as atividades de isocitrato liase (ICL), proteases ?cidas e amilases. A parti??o dos produtos, em termos de MS, ocorreu de forma diferencial, resultando em baixa raz?o parte a?rea/sistema radicular, indicativa de um poss?vel mecanismo de resist?ncia ao d?ficit h?drico. A mobiliza??o das PS foi iniciada na germina??o, enquanto que a mobiliza??o dos LN e do amido foi desencadeada no estabelecimento da pl?ntula, embora todas as reservas tenham sido exauridas at? o 20? DAE, culminando com a expans?o das primeiras folhas. No sistema radicular, houve acumula??o de AST, ANR e AALT do 12? ao 16? DAE e consumo destes metab?litos at? o 20? DAE, enquanto que na parte a?rea, ocorreu diminui??o de AST e AALT em paralelo com o aumento de ANR do 12? ao 20? DAE. As atividades de ICL, proteases ?cidas e amilases ocorreram de forma coordenada com a mobiliza??o de LN, PS e amido, respectivamente. Estes padr?es de mobiliza??o das reservas e parti??o dos metab?litos em moringa se mostraram distintos daqueles verificados para outras esp?cies arb?reas estudadas. ? poss?vel que estes padr?es estejam relacionados com estrat?gias metab?licas utilizadas por esta esp?cie para alcan?ar sucesso durante o estabelecimento da pl?ntula

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SauloHGA_DISSERT.pdf: 5438309 bytes, checksum: adf73f5840135cac15d7a6e65ee7199b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With the growth and development of modern society, arises the need to search for new raw materials and new technologies which present the "clean" characteristic, and do not harm the environment, but can join the energy needs of industry and transportation. The Moringa oleifera Lam, plant originating from India, and currently present in the Brazilian Northeast, presents itself as a multi-purpose plant, can be used as a coagulant in water treatment, as a natural remedy and as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In this work, Moringa has been used as a raw material for studies on the extraction and subsequently in the synthesis of biodiesel. Studies have been conducted on various techniques of Moringa oil extraction (solvents, mechanical pressing and enzymatic), being specially developed an experimental design for the aqueous extraction with the aid of the enzyme Neutrase? 0.8 L, with the aim of analyzing the influence variable pH (5.5-7.5), temperature (45-55?C), time (16-24 hours) and amount of catalyst (2-5%) on the extraction yield. In relation to study of the synthesis of biodiesel was initially carried out a conventional transesterification (50?C, KOH as a catalyst, methanol and 60 minutes reaction). Next, a study was conducted using the technique of in situ transesterification by using an experimental design variables as temperature (30-60?C), catalyst amount (2-5%), and molar ratio oil / ethanol (1:420-1:600). The extraction technique that achieved the highest extraction yield (35%) was the one that used hexane as a solvent. The extraction using 32% ethanol obtained by mechanical pressing and extraction reached 25% yield. For the enzymatic extraction, the experimental design indicated that the extraction yield was most affected by the effect of the combination of temperature and time. The maximum yield obtained in this extraction was 16%. After the step of obtaining the oil was accomplished the synthesis of biodiesel by the conventional method and the in situ technique. The method of conventional transesterification was obtained a content of 100% and esters by in situ technique was also obtained in 100% in the experimental point 7, with a molar ratio oil / alcohol 1:420, Temperature 60?C in 5% weight KOH with the reaction time of 1.5 h. By the experimental design, it was found that the variable that most influenced the ester content was late the percentage of catalyst. By physico-chemical analysis it was observed that the biodiesel produced by the in situ method fell within the rules of the ANP, therefore this technique feasible, because does not require the preliminary stage of oil extraction and achieves high levels of esters / Com o crescimento e desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna, surge a necessidade de busca por novas mat?rias primas e por novas tecnologias que apresentem caracter?sticas limpas , e que n?o agridam o meio ambiente, mas que possam suprir as necessidades energ?ticas da ind?stria e do transporte. A Moringa ole?fera Lam, planta oriunda da ?ndia, e presente atualmente no Nordeste brasileiro, apresenta-se como uma planta multiuso, podendo ser utilizada como coagulante no tratamento de ?gua, como rem?dio natural e como mat?riaprima para a produ??o de biodiesel. Neste trabalho, a Moringa foi utilizada como mat?ria prima em estudos sobre os processos de extra??o e posteriormente na s?ntese de biodiesel. Foram realizados estudos sobre as diversas t?cnicas de extra??o do ?leo de Moringa (solventes, prensagem mec?nica e enzim?tica), sendo especialmente desenvolvido um planejamento experimental para a extra??o aquosa com o aux?lio da enzima Neutrase? 0,8L, com o objetivo de analisar a influ?ncia das vari?veis pH (5,5-7,5), temperatura (45-55?C), tempo (16-24 horas) e quantidade de catalisador (2-5%) sobre o rendimento de extra??o. Em rela??o ao estudo sobre a s?ntese de biodiesel, foi inicialmente realizada uma transesterifica??o convencional (50?C, KOH como catalisador, metanol e 60 minutos de rea??o). A seguir, foi realizado um estudo utilizando a t?cnica da transesterifica??o in situ por meio de um planejamento experimental utilizando como vari?veis a temperatura (30-60?C), quantidade de catalisador (2-5%), e raz?o molar ?leo/?lcool (1:420-1:600). A t?cnica de extra??o que obteve o maior rendimento de extra??o (35%) foi a que utilizou hexano como solvente. A extra??o utilizando etanol obteve 32% e a extra??o por prensagem mec?nica alcan?ou 25% de rendimento. Para a extra??o enzim?tica, o planejamento experimental indicou que o rendimento da extra??o foi mais afetado pelo efeito da combina??o entre a temperatura e tempo. O rendimento m?ximo obtido nesta extra??o foi de 16%. Ap?s a etapa de obten??o do ?leo, foi realizada a s?ntese de biodiesel pelo m?todo convencional e pela t?cnica in situ. Pelo m?todo de transesterifica??o convencional foi obtido um teor em ?steres de 100% e pela t?cnica in situ, tamb?m foi obtido 100% no ponto experimental 7, com uma raz?o molar ?leo/?lcool de 1:420, temperatura 60?C, 5% em massa de KOH, com o tempo de rea??o de 1,5 h. Pelo planejamento experimental, foi constatado que a vari?vel que mais influenciou no teor de ?steres final foi a porcentagem de catalisador. Pela an?lise f?sicoqu?mica foi observado que o biodiesel produzido pelo m?todo in situ se enquadrou nas normas da ANP, sendo, portanto esta t?cnica vi?vel, pois n?o necessita da etapa pr?via de extra??o do ?leo e alcan?a altos teores de ?steres