O presente estudo trata da organização dos horários de trabalho em turnos fixos, analisando seu impacto na qualidade do sono, na utilização do tempo livre pelo trabalhador e de aspectos relacionados à sua percepção quanto à saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com auxiliares do setor de impressão e acabamento de uma gráfica e editora localizada na cidade industrial, em Curitiba no estado do Paraná. Para avaliar a qualidade do sono, das relações sociais e da saúde, utilizou-se a versão traduzida do Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996). Para a identificação do cronotipo (vespertinidade/matutinidade) foi utilizado o questionário de Horne e Ostberg (1976). Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os três turnos quando comparados os valores médios dos escores de cada constructo, com exceção para as atividades sociais e familiares. Quando analisadas separadamente, cada questão do SSI referente ao sono, algumas tendências indicaram que quando o cronotipo é relacionado com o turno de trabalho, existem percepções diferentes quanto à qualidade do sono. Foi constatado também nos três turnos um anseio dos trabalhadores por um dia a mais de folga na semana, pois o descanso semanal não é suficiente para reparar a fadiga ocasionada pelo trabalho, principalmente para os trabalhadores do terceiro turno. / The present study analyses the organization of work shifts and their impact on sleep quality, on free time allowed by the work shift for social and family activities, and on specific health aspects perceived by the worker. The subjects of the study were workmen at a printing and publishing company in Curitiba´s Industrial District. In order to evaluate the quality of sleep, social relations, and health, the translated version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996) was employed. The chronotype (evening / morning) was evaluated by use of the Horne and Ostberg (1976) questionary. Results showed no meaningful differences between the three shifts, when comparing average values of the scores for each construct, except for social and family activities. When each SSI sleep related question was analysed separately, there were trends which indicated that when the chronotype is related to work shift, there are different perceptions of sleep quality. A common wish of the workpeople in all three shifts is one extra day off during the week, since it is felt that the weekly rest is not enough to repair work related fatigue, especially for those in the third shift.

O presente estudo trata da organização dos horários de trabalho em turnos fixos, analisando seu impacto na qualidade do sono, na utilização do tempo livre pelo trabalhador e de aspectos relacionados à sua percepção quanto à saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com auxiliares do setor de impressão e acabamento de uma gráfica e editora localizada na cidade industrial, em Curitiba no estado do Paraná. Para avaliar a qualidade do sono, das relações sociais e da saúde, utilizou-se a versão traduzida do Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996). Para a identificação do cronotipo (vespertinidade/matutinidade) foi utilizado o questionário de Horne e Ostberg (1976). Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os três turnos quando comparados os valores médios dos escores de cada constructo, com exceção para as atividades sociais e familiares. Quando analisadas separadamente, cada questão do SSI referente ao sono, algumas tendências indicaram que quando o cronotipo é relacionado com o turno de trabalho, existem percepções diferentes quanto à qualidade do sono. Foi constatado também nos três turnos um anseio dos trabalhadores por um dia a mais de folga na semana, pois o descanso semanal não é suficiente para reparar a fadiga ocasionada pelo trabalho, principalmente para os trabalhadores do terceiro turno. / The present study analyses the organization of work shifts and their impact on sleep quality, on free time allowed by the work shift for social and family activities, and on specific health aspects perceived by the worker. The subjects of the study were workmen at a printing and publishing company in Curitiba´s Industrial District. In order to evaluate the quality of sleep, social relations, and health, the translated version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996) was employed. The chronotype (evening / morning) was evaluated by use of the Horne and Ostberg (1976) questionary. Results showed no meaningful differences between the three shifts, when comparing average values of the scores for each construct, except for social and family activities. When each SSI sleep related question was analysed separately, there were trends which indicated that when the chronotype is related to work shift, there are different perceptions of sleep quality. A common wish of the workpeople in all three shifts is one extra day off during the week, since it is felt that the weekly rest is not enough to repair work related fatigue, especially for those in the third shift.

O presente estudo trata da organização dos horários de trabalho em turnos fixos, analisando seu impacto na qualidade do sono, na utilização do tempo livre pelo trabalhador e de aspectos relacionados à sua percepção quanto à saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com auxiliares do setor de impressão e acabamento de uma gráfica e editora localizada na cidade industrial, em Curitiba no estado do Paraná. Para avaliar a qualidade do sono, das relações sociais e da saúde, utilizou-se a versão traduzida do Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996). Para a identificação do cronotipo (vespertinidade/matutinidade) foi utilizado o questionário de Horne e Ostberg (1976). Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os três turnos quando comparados os valores médios dos escores de cada constructo, com exceção para as atividades sociais e familiares. Quando analisadas separadamente, cada questão do SSI referente ao sono, algumas tendências indicaram que quando o cronotipo é relacionado com o turno de trabalho, existem percepções diferentes quanto à qualidade do sono. Foi constatado também nos três turnos um anseio dos trabalhadores por um dia a mais de folga na semana, pois o descanso semanal não é suficiente para reparar a fadiga ocasionada pelo trabalho, principalmente para os trabalhadores do terceiro turno. / The present study analyses the organization of work shifts and their impact on sleep quality, on free time allowed by the work shift for social and family activities, and on specific health aspects perceived by the worker. The subjects of the study were workmen at a printing and publishing company in Curitiba´s Industrial District. In order to evaluate the quality of sleep, social relations, and health, the translated version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996) was employed. The chronotype (evening / morning) was evaluated by use of the Horne and Ostberg (1976) questionary. Results showed no meaningful differences between the three shifts, when comparing average values of the scores for each construct, except for social and family activities. When each SSI sleep related question was analysed separately, there were trends which indicated that when the chronotype is related to work shift, there are different perceptions of sleep quality. A common wish of the workpeople in all three shifts is one extra day off during the week, since it is felt that the weekly rest is not enough to repair work related fatigue, especially for those in the third shift.

Orientador: Ana Ines Borri Genovez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T18:19:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_LauraMariaCanno_D.pdf: 6902999 bytes, checksum: 3e1f02a65f335b50df38d55fa7ab47bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estruturas de queda com poços verticais podem ser utilizadas para drenagem urbana, dissipação de energia e como vertedores em barragens. No último caso, tem-se os vertedores com emboque tipo tulipa, formados por um perfil vertedor seguido de um poço vertical, que se liga a um túnel por meio de uma curva. A curva é um ponto crítico do dimensionamento do vertedor, pois, é onde o escoamento o deflete, causando elevadas pressões na sua parte convexa e subpressões na parte côncava. Este trabalho tem, como objetivo, o estudo experimental de um vertedor tipo tulipa, para definir uma melhor geometria para a curva de ligação poço-túnel. Um estudo experimental foi feito, empregando-se o modelo do vertedor de Paraitinga, em escala 1:51,02, utilizando novas geometrias para a curva, para avaliar as pressões e o arraste de ar. Pôde constatar-se a nfluência da geometria da curva, sendo que as novas curvas resultaram em um escoamento mais regular, acompanhando o traçado da curva, com pressões menores na parte convexa, além de uma maior vazão de afogamento do vertedor. Foram propostas equações para o cálculo da vazão de ar em função da concentração média do ar no escoamento. Através do estudo experimental comparativo entre as diferentes curvas se sugere o emprego da curva clotóide para ser usada na ligaçao poço-túnel / Abstract: Vertical dropshafts can be used in drainage systems, energy dissipator and as dam spillways. In this case, they are called morning glory, and consists of an inlet followed by a shaft which joins a tunnel through a bend. The bend is a critical point in spillway sizing, therefore the flow deflects in this region and causes high pressures in the convex part of the bend and negative pressures in the concavous part. This paper cares for the experimental study to define a better geometry for the shaft spillway vertical bend. An experimental study has been carried out, using the spillway model of Paraitinga dam, which scale was 1:51,02, using new bend geometries, to evaluate pressures flow and air entrainment. The influence of the bend geometry has been noticed, and the new curves resulted in a more regular flow, that followed the trace of the curve, with smaller pressures in the convex part, besides a higher flow to submerge the spillway. Equations have been proposed to calculate air entrainment flow as a function of the average concentration of air. Through the experimental study to compare the different curves, one suggest the use of use clotóide curve, as a bend shaft / Doutorado / Recursos Hidricos / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

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The purpose was to investigate time of day on responses to two types of exhaustive cycle ergometer tests. Sixteen males performed six exercise tests: three - constant power protocol and three - incremental protocol. The first test was a learning trial; the other tests were performed one in the morning and one in the afternoon. ANOVA revealed that O2 deficit and lactate were higher in the afternoon than the morning. Regardless of test type, time to exhaustion tended to be higher in the afternoon. VO2max was unaffected by the time of day and test type. These results confirmprevious reports of a time of day effect on anaerobic capacity, and support the contention that V02max is stable about a day.

With the current thesis, the aim is to examine how worldviews appears in fiction literature. This contributes to a better understanding of how beliefs can be evaluated and what fiction offers. The theoretical framework consists of Arjan Marcus theory about the ascription of meaning to life (and how it can be connected to philosophy of life). Marcus theory also provides an opportunity to evaluate expressions of this. This is used for an analysis of protagonists in the novel The Morning Star, by Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgård.  In order to meet the purpose, the following questions have been set up: What expressions of life view appears from protagonists in the novel The Morning Star? And: How can these expressions be understood with Arjan Marcus theory of meaning? The results that emerge show, for example, that the meaning structure of the protagonists often contains incompatible elements, which give a verdict in action and interaction. This includes moral dilemmas of various kinds. In some cases, questioning of one's own faith and religious life causes internal conflicts. It is also striking how the protagonists own view of life often seems unconscious or implied. The present study contributes to the understanding of how philosophy of life is expressed, constituted, and how individuals ascribe meaning. The analyses show the potentials of the theory and what it can bring to further research in the subject area.

The media plays a major role in today's society. What we do not experience ourselves, we can be told through the media. Seen from this, the purpose of this study is to investigate how immigrants are described in news articles in Swedish morning and evening newspapers during the period 2016-2021, with focus on the negative aspects. We will focus on answering which specific characteristics the term immigrant is associated with and in which perspectives it is written about immigrants. The study is based on a qualitative text analysis and the empirical material we have collected thus consists of 24 news articles.The articles were analyzed using post colonial theory, the dichotomy We and the Others and stereotypes.The results show that Swedish morning and evening newspapers describe immigrants in more negative than positive terms. There is also a continuous description of characteristics in the form of stereotypes. Newspapers portray, so to speak, an image of immigrants as different, deviant and foreign. At the same time, the results show that there is a marked difference between immigrants and Swedes as immigrants stand in sharp contrast to the so-called "Swedishness". The conclusions we can draw from the results is that the media differentiate between immigrants and ethnic Swedes with the help of different characteristics and perspectives to describe immigrants.

Background: Visual food stimuli have been shown to influence desire to eat and may influence overall energy intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence, if any, that time of day has on the neural response to visual food stimuli, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Using a crossover design, 15 healthy women were scanned using fMRI while presented with low- and high-energy pictures of food, once in the morning (6:30–8:30 am) and once in the evening (5:00–7:00 pm). Diets were identical on both days of the fMRI scans and were verified using weighed food records. Pictures used were based on the work of Sweet et al. (2012). Visual analog scales were used to record subjective perception of hunger and preoccupation with food prior to each fMRI scan. Results: Nine brain regions showed significantly higher activation for high energy stimuli compared to low energy stimuli (p < 0.05). Six areas of the brain showed lower activation in the evening to both high and low energy stimuli including parts of some reward pathways (p < 0.05). Subjectively, participants reported no difference in hunger by time of day (F(1, 14) = 1.84, p = 0.19), but felt they could eat more (F = 4.83, p = 0.04) and were more preoccupied with thoughts of food (F = 5.51, p = 0.03) in the evening compared to the morning. Conclusions: High energy food stimuli tended to produce greater fMRI responses than low energy foods in specific areas of the brain, regardless of time of day. However, evening scans showed a lower response to both food categories in some areas of the brain compared to the morning. These data may have clinical implications for fMRI measurement and practical implications for sensitivity to food cues and eating behavior.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eating breakfast on energy intake, physical activity, body weight, and body fat in women who were nonhabitual breakfast eaters over a one-month period. METHODS: We tested 49 premenopausal, nonhabitual breakfast-eating women to compare the effects of eating breakfast versus not eating breakfast. Each participant was randomized to one of two conditions: breakfast or no breakfast. Breakfast eaters were required to eat within an hour and a half of awakening and had to be finished eating their breakfast meal by 8:30 A.M. Non-breakfast eaters were defined as not consuming a snack or meal (with the exception of water) until after 11:30 A.M. Participants assigned to the breakfast condition consumed at least 15% of their daily energy requirement for breakfast. Weight and body fat were assessed at the baseline and after one month of intervention. Body fat was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants completed seven 24-hour recalls to assess dietary intake during the intervention. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry for 32 consecutive days. RESULTS: On average, the participants randomized to eat breakfast consumed 266 ± 496 (F = 12.81; P = 0.0043) more calories per day over the course of the study and weighed 0.6 ± 0.81 kg (F = 7.81; p = 0.0076) more at the end of the intervention. There was no observed caloric compensation at subsequent meals and no change in self-reported hunger or satiety. There was also no physical activity compensation with the addition of breakfast. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study showed that requiring non-breakfast eaters to eat breakfast resulted in higher caloric intake and weight gain. Future research should evaluate this relationship for a longer period of time to see if adding breakfast to the diet of women who generally do not eat breakfast results in adaptive behavior change over time.