This study assesses consumer behavior toward online shopping in Saudi Arabia by studying the factors that affect whether or not they shop online. The sample consisted of 206 Saudis approached using the “snowball” technique. Participants were all above eighteen and Internet users. Participants were asked to give the frequency of their online shopping transactions using a four-point Likert scale. They used a seven-point Likert scale to rate their opinions about trends affecting electronic commerce, companies’ marketing approaches, and other aspects of online shopping. Participants also were asked about their feelings regarding traditional and online shopping using a nine-point bipolar scale. Using the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivations Scale, they were asked to describe themselves, and finally, they were asked to rank the Rokeach Terminal Values based on their importance. The version of the Rokeach Value System used in this study is the one shortened to nine terminal values, by Munson & McQuarrie, 1988, since it reflects better relevance to consumption. Results show that, when compared to traditional shopping, participants have relatively negative perceptions of online shopping. In addition, participants’ demographics and values related to their online shopping frequency, while their achievement motivations were less related. The major limitation of this research is that it was conducted in only one city, Jeddah. Therefore, additional research should be carried out in other cities with larger samples. The research results suggest that businesses in Saudi Arabia should use online shopping as a second channel to distribute their products in addition to their physical stores. This thesis makes a distinctive contribution to the literature, as it is the first to examine the correlation between the Rokeach Value System (1973); the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivation Scale (Jackson, Ahmed, and Heapy, 1976); and online shopping behavior in the world, let alone Saudi Arabia.

This thesis studies massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) and their business models. Purpose of this work is to analyze current MMORPG market and business models which are currently used. The main goal and asset of this thesis is concept of new business and payment models that could be used in MMORPGs in order to increase number of customers and to raise profits. Part of the concept is the analysis of possibilities of player's history to create a profile suitable for personalized advertising. The last goal is analysis of ways that developers of MMORPGs use to motivate players to to play long-term, so they use the service and generate profit.

Global warming, increasing greenhouse gases emissions, global pollution, exhaustion of natural resources... Those are all consequences of human activities on the environment. Today's world is facing major environmental challenges and sustainability has become a burning topic during the last decades. In our consumption-focused society, the concept of the sharing economy has emerged as an alternative to existing consumption patterns. Advocating the "use rather than own" principle, this concept has a true potential in terms of changing the way we consume and produce to lead to more sustainable behaviors. Current literature has investigated the motivations influencing the decision to participate in the sharing economy. Three main motivations have been highlighted: economic, social and environmental. Indeed, the sharing economy offers the possibility to save or make money, strengthen social ties and reduce one's ecological impact. Even though the environmental aspect plays a part in the decision-making process, it is unclear whether it is a determining factor or only a secondary concern. Thus, our study aims at developing an in-depth understanding of the motivations that drive people's participation in the sharing economy and the role of environmental sustainability. To fulfill that purpose, we have formulated the following research question: How important is environmental sustainability among the motivations to participate in the peer-to-peer sharing economy? To answer our research question, we conducted a qualitative study. We interviewed six French users of the collaborative carpooling platform Blablacar. Questions about the sharing economy in general and use of this specific platform were asked. These interviews allowed us to understand users' perceptions and attitudes towards the sharing economy and to make the connection with the environmental motivation. Our findings reveal that the environmental motivation exists and is part of the decision- making process. We could note a behavior change as the willingness to use collaborative platforms in the future is increasing. At the same time, a growing environmental consciousness has been expressed. However, the economic motivation still strongly prevails over the environmental and social motivations to engage in sharing activities. This observation leads us to conclude about the uncertain future of the sharing economy as a more sustainable consumption pattern.

Inledning: Vilka drivkrafter manifesta och latenta får den blivande terapeuten att påbörja och gå vägen till att bli terapeut? Vilka drivkrafter driver vidare? Hur kan de latenta drivkrafterna nås och förstås? Syftet med studien är att utforska drivkrafterna och betydelsen av en psykoterapeutisk process.  Frågeställningar: Hur beskriver terapeuten sina drivkrafter på sin väg att bli terapeut? Bildar drivkrafterna något mönster? Vilken betydelse har en psykoterapeutisk process på vägen att bli psykoterapeut?  Metod: Studien är en hermeneutisk fenomenologisk studie ur ett narrativt perspektiv. Den har genomförts som semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med öppna grundfrågor. Det insamlade materialet har efter att ha analyserats samlats i teman.  Resultat: Under arbetets gång har ett mönster blivit allt tydligare: drivkrafterna tillsammans med den existentiella kampen mellan ratio, ett rationellt förnuft och en emotionell sanning är en psykoterapeutisk process. Diskussion: Tillsammans ger drivkrafterna bilden av kampen mellan ratio, det rationella förnuftets sanning och känslans, den emotionella sanningen. Det är också bilden av den psykoterapeutiska processen som väg och nav i utbildningen och i livet, ett personligt integrationsarbete av teori, erfarenhet och metod. Detta åskådliggörs i uppsatsens text av de i de teoretiskt logiskt resonerande avsnitten som små pilar inskjutna lyrikcitaten, ett synliggörande av den emotionella sidan i människan, inflätad i det logiska, rationella tänkandet. Denna process är en reparation, ett försonings- och läkningsarbete intrapsykiskt och interpersonellt. Det är en självgranskning och ett personligt integrationsarbete, en integration av teori, metod, erfarenhet och personlighet som blir en väg till identitetsförståelse. Den psykoterapeutiska processen med egenterapi och handledning leder vidare och djupare i ett sökande efter drivkraftens upphov, dess grund och rotfäste: en väg med ett mål, men utan ände. / Introduction: What forces, apparent and hidden drive the future psychotherapist to take the first steps on the path to become a therapist and what forces drive hir to continue?. The aim of the study is to explore these impelling/motivating forces and the relevance of psychological process on that path.  Questions: How does the therapist describe these forces on hir way to become a therapist?Do they form a pattern to analyse? What is the relevance of a psychotherapeutic process on that path? Method: The study is hermeneutic, phenomenological in a narrative perspective, based on semi structured interviews in depth with open questions. The resulting material was organized in themes.   Results: While working with the study an emerging pattern has become clearer: the impelling forces, interlaced with the existential struggle between ratio, rational reasoning and emotional truth can be interpreted as a psychotherapeutic process.   Discussion: The impelling forces in the study give together a picture of life’s fundamental struggle between ratio, intellectual reasoning and emotional truth. These forces also give the picture of the therapeutic process as a path and hub in the therapists training and life, an individual, personal labour of integrating theory, experience and method. The use of poetic citations, little arrows in the theoretical, logical texts in the study illustrate the emotional side of the human being interlaced with the logical and rational. This process is a task of mending, reconciliation and healing. It means selfexamination, a personal integration of theory, experience and personality leading to a sense of identity. The psychotherapeutic process with personal therapy and counselling leads on to a further search for the origins of the compelling forces, their foundations and roots. A path with a goal but no end.

This thesis investigates user motivations for creating content that may or may not be added to the game Fortnite: Battle Royale, as well as the user's thoughts about the intellectual property of the content. The thesis also examines the relationship and communication between the Fortnite players and developers, according to the users. The sample was collected from the forum r/FortNiteBR on the social media platform Reddit, where users who were engaged in creating suggestions and concepts for the game were contacted and interviewed. The discussion and analysis distinguishes positive attitudes amongst the users in regards to the empowerment and engagement the participation provides, but also showcases a disappointment amongst the users when it comes to the communication between them and the developers. The data collected display an inconsistency from Epic in terms of which users receive credit or agreements for their suggestions, something that some users have reacted upon. This thesis suggests that aspects such as the crediting of players and the communication between players and developers needs to be improved in order to for the game company to maintain a good relationship with the players.

This study investigates the reasons why Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) in Australia decide to complete the 88 days of specified regional work to obtain a Second Working Holiday (WH) visa. The research follows a qualitative approach via the use of semi-structed interviews on a sample of fifteen current or former WHMs. The resulting data are analysed in connection to the theoretical framework of migrants’ role in bifurcated labour markets, with a further focus on the micro-level neoclassical economics principles and the concept of self-improvement through hardship. It is argued that the 88-day scheme represented for all the interviewees a form of investment to achieve a greater goal. The findings revealed that, while only a few completed the 88 days driven by the desire to achieve self-actualisation, most of the informants were driven by an economic rationale: some focused on the short-term financial benefits of a further year of work in the country, while others planned to use their Second WH as a pathway towards permanent residency.

The sharing economy refers to the activities facilitated through the digital platform that enable people to obtain, give, or share access to digital or physical resources and services. Although the sharing economy practice in the real-world is thriving and pervasive, there is a lack of scholarly work. Sharing pets activity is not a new concept, and people shares pets on digital platforms such as websites, and digital groups on social media. Sharing pets activity is different from sharing other things. Because the motivations of sharing pets are all related to the love for pets, and it is related to accessibility, ownership of pets, and interaction and relationship between human beings and pets. These particular features deserve scholarly attention. Activity Theory is applied in this study, as it shapes the way of data collection and analysis. The sharing pets practice is analyzed as individual and collective activity systems, to understand the motiving role of digital platform in sharing activity. The finding indicates that digital platform plays a crucial role in sharing activity, and according to activity, it facilitates the activity of the sharing pet in three ways: It facilitates the achievement of motive by users in each level of activity systems; it reduces the contradiction caused by the interaction of two activity system; it also promotes the transition of motives so that users can have more motives to participate in sharing pets activity.

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I Sverige kan man se en nedåtgående trend när det gäller alkoholkonsumtion bland ungdomar. Denna studie utforskar ungdomars attityder till alkohol och vilka faktorer som kan påverka ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion utifrån socialpsykologiska teorier och ett genusperspektiv. Avsikten var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader och likheter mellan könen. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie och urvalet bestod av tio respondenter mellan 15 - 20 år bosatta i Sverige. Det vi kom fram till var att det fanns skillnader i attityder till alkohol mellan könen, men att faktorerna som framkom var lika för båda könen. Det fanns små variationer mellan motiven bland de som konsumerade alkohol och de som inte konsumerade alkohol. Däremot var motiveringarna lika oavsett kön bland dem som drack alkohol. Hos de drickande respondenterna var motiveringarna lika oavsett kön. Studien baseras på Theory of planned behaviour, social påverkan, social tuning och referens till genussystemet för att nå en djupare förståelse för ungdomars förhållningssätt till alkohol. / Currently there is a downward trend considering alcohol consumption among young people in Sweden. This study explores attitudes towards alcohol and the factors that can affect alcohol consumption among young people. This is a qualitative study based on social psychological theories from a gender perspective and includes research models for the Theory of planned behavior, Social Influence and Social tuning. In this study a broadened perspective and a deeper understanding of the youth drinking culture are analysed. The investigation includes interviews with ten Swedish students between the ages of 15 and 20. The result shows that there are differences in attitudes to consume alcohol due to gender differences, but that the factors that emerged were the same for both genders. There were small variations in motivations among non-drinking respondents and the main differences could be found among non-drinkers and drinkers. Among respondents who had a positive attitude towards alcohol consumption, the motivation was the same independent of gender.

The thesis is aimed at proposing a system of motivation at the Ceska Zbrojovka a.s. company. The intention of the thesis is to uncover the inadequacies of the current system of motivation within the company and to propose recommendations which would lead to higher satisfaction, a rise in work morale and performance of the employees. The theoretical section marks out the basic terms in the field of human resources, motivation and stimulation of the work force. Ceska Zbrojovka a.s. is characterized in the analytical section and an analyses is carried out through a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The current situation is summarized according to the results and my own proposals for solutions on improving the system of motivation which will lead to the increase in employee satisfaction.