Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-06-01T18:37:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Luiz Romero.pdf: 332403 bytes, checksum: 2d344a05e6fcb800e036b4619cf2a08e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:37:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Luiz Romero.pdf: 332403 bytes, checksum: 2d344a05e6fcb800e036b4619cf2a08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The morbimortality caused by accidents involving transit riders has been gaining prominence on the world scene. It is attributed this to various aspects, as for example, the adoption of risk behaviors, lack of attention, exacerbated confidence, in addition to the attraction of motorcyclists by risk and in terms of the aspects related to personality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between personality characteristics (factors of temperament and character) and risk of accidents of motorcycles. The sample in this study was 153 riders from 18 to 60 years of age, both genders, different levels of education and who use the motorcycle in its activities. It was verified the frequency regarding gender, age, level of education, marital status, knowledge of the course of defensive driving, as well as did the course, where the use of a motorcycle (professional, daily travel and leisure) time of empowerment, practice time round mileage per day, number of accidents, reasons of accidents and consequences of accidents to health and the factors of the personality through the inventory of temperament and character of Cloniger (TCI). The results show a higher prevalence of males (75.8%) and that the main reasons of accidents has a relationship with attitudes such as traveling at high speed, breaking traffic laws, recklessness, and bad conditions of roads that have provided 43.8% of accidents. As to the consequences of accidents to the health of motorcyclists, 43.1% suffered some type of fracture, 78.4% had light bruises, 75.8% using the motorbike for daily shifts and only 37.3% of the sample did courses in defensive driving. As for the characteristics of the personality, you can point to the adoption of a risk behavior associated with high scores in the factor search of Novelty Seeking (NS), as well as low score in factor Harm Avoidance (HA) when compared with the expected average for the population (NS = 20.29, P = 0.001 and HA = 14.96, P = 0.006). These personality traits show traits of impulsivity, excessive confidence in situations of danger and optimism unrealistic in the face of potentially severe. It was observed in this study that the greater the distance round per day, the greater the number of accidents among motorcyclists in this sample, as well as that there is a significant difference between the averages of mileage round by those who make professional use of motorcycle and who doesn't, Motoboy and not Motoboy. This group also presents reduced scores in the factor of temperament Harm Avoidance, as well as a strong tendency to increase the score on a factor for Novelty Seeking. Thus, the temperamental characteristics in addition to the time of exposure corroborate so that motoboys are more likely to suffer accidents. / A morbimortalidade, ocasionada por acidentes de transito envolvendo motociclistas vem ganhando destaque no cenário mundial. Atribui-se isso a diversos aspectos, como por exemplo, a adoção de comportamentos de risco, a falta de atenção, exacerbada confiança, além da atração dos motociclistas pelo risco, bem como, no que tange os aspectos relacionados à personalidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre características da personalidade (fatores de temperamento e caráter) e risco de acidentes de motocicletas. Participaram deste estudo 153 motociclistas de 18 a 60 anos de idade, ambos os gêneros, vários níveis de escolaridade e que utilizam a motocicleta em suas atividades. Foi verificada a frequência quanto ao gênero, a média de idade, nível de escolaridade, estado civil, conhecimento do curso de direção defensiva, bem como se fez o curso, qual o uso da motocicleta (profissional, deslocamento diário e lazer) tempo de habilitação, tempo de prática quilometragem rodada por dia, número de acidentes, motivos dos acidentes sofridos e consequências dos acidentes para a saúde, além dos fatores de da personalidade por meio do Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter de Cloniger (ITC). Os resultados mostram maior prevalência de homens (75,8%) e que os principais motivos dos acidentes tem relação com atitudes como transitar em alta velocidade, desrespeitar as leis de trânsito, imprudência, além de condições ruins das vias que proporcionaram 43,8% dos acidentes. Quanto às consequências dos acidentes para a saúde dos motociclistas, 43,1% sofreram algum tipo de fratura, 78,4% tiveram escoriações leves, 75,8% utilizam a motocicleta para deslocamentos diários e apenas 37,3% da amostra fez cursos de direção defensiva. Quanto às características da personalidade, pode-se apontar para a adoção de um comportamento de risco associado à elevada pontuação no fator Busca de Novidade (BN), bem como baixa pontuação no fator Esquiva ao Dano (ED) quando comparados com a média esperada para a população (BN = 20,29; P = 0,001 e ED = 14,96; P = 0,006). Essas características de personalidade denotam traços de impulsividade, excesso de confiança em situações de perigo, além de um otimismo pouco realista diante de consequências potencialmente severas. Observou-se neste estudo que quanto maior é a quilometragem rodada por dia, maior é o número de acidentes entre os motociclistas desta amostra, bem como que há significativa diferença entre as médias de quilometragem rodada por quem faz uso profissional da motocicleta e quem não faz, ou seja, motoboys e não motoboys. Este grupo também apresenta reduzida pontuação no fator de temperamento Esquiva ao Dano, bem como forte tendência ao aumento da pontuação no fator Busca de Novidade. Sendo assim, as características temperamentais somadas ao tempo de exposição corroboram para que os motoboys tenham maior probabilidade de sofrer acidentes. Palavras-chave: Personalidade, Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter, Motociclista, Acidentes de trânsito.

Das Risiko, im Straßenverkehr getötet zu werden, ist für Motorrad-Aufsassen vielfach höher als für andere Verkehrsteilnehmer. Dabei spielt das Verhalten der Motorradfahrer eine zent-rale Rolle. In Abhängigkeit von ihrer Fahrkompetenz können Fahrer durch entsprechendes Agieren und Reagieren kritische Situationen und Unfälle vermeiden. Zur Analyse des Fahrerverhaltens in Situationen individuell unterschiedlicher Kritikalität wurden Versuchs-fahrten mit Motorradfahrern unterschiedlicher Fahrerfahrung auf einem abgesperrten Test-gelände und im öffentlichen Straßenverkehr durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein Versuchsmotor-rad mit Messtechnik ausgestattet, um detaillierte Informationen zum Fahrer, zum Fahrzeug und zur Umgebung zu erfassen. Die Probanden wiesen große Unterschiede im Fahrerverhal-ten auf, was in den meisten Fällen auf die unterschiedlichen Fahrerfahrungen der Teilneh-mer zurückzuführen ist. Durch detaillierte Analysen des Fahrerverhaltens konnten fahrer-spezifische Defizite festgestellt und entsprechende Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse wurden Konzepte zur Unterstützung des Fahrers bei der Erweiterung seiner Fahrkompetenz beim Motorradfahren aufgestellt. Die Konzepte se-hen eine aus Standardmanövern und Realverkehrsfahrten kombinierte Schulung bzw. ein kombiniertes Training vor. Im Rahmen dessen werden dem Fahrer vor, während oder nach der Fahrt direkt oder indirekt (über eine Begleitperson) relevante Informationen im Hinblick auf entsprechende Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung gestellt. Darüber hinaus wur-de ein kompakter Datenrekorder prototypisch entwickelt, womit die Grundlage für den prak-tischen Einsatz geschaffen wurde.

L’accidentalité des conducteurs de 2RM est au cœur des préoccupations de sécurité routière. Ce travail de thèse vise à apporter des connaissances sur les différences de sexe et de conformité aux stéréotypes de sexe au sein de cette communauté très masculine. Il a été montré que les femmes motocyclistes avaient des taux d’accidents corporels ou mortels bien inférieurs à ceux des hommes. Les résultats montrent que les comportements à risque accidentels des hommes et des femmes motocyclistes sont proches, hormis pour les comportements les plus risqués. Il a aussi été montré que le type de motocyclette avait un effet plus important que le sexe sur les comportements à risques accidentels. De plus, il a été montré que les motocyclistes se conforment aux stéréotypes de sexe qui leurs sont associés et que la masculinité renforce la prise de risque et la transgression des règles, cette relation étant expliquée par les motivations à conduire un 2RM. Enfin, ce travail a montré que les stéréotypes de sexe associés à la conduite d’une motocyclette existent déjà chez les adolescents dès 11 ans. Ce travail de thèse montre donc des différences significatives entre hommes et femmes conducteurs de 2RM, autant au niveau de leur accidentalité que de leurs prises de risque. De plus, des stéréotypes de sexe existent bien pour cette population spécifique d’usagers de la route. Ces travaux permettent d’avoir une connaissance plus fine des comportements des conducteurs de 2RM, et d’enrichir la réflexion sur des actions possibles en matière d’éducation routière, en ciblant les sous-populations les plus à risque chez les conducteurs de 2RM. / The powered two-wheelers (PTW) riders’ accidentality is at the heart of road safety issues. This PhD thesis is part of a comprehensive approach to generate knowledge on sex differences and sex stereotypes conformity within this very masculine stereotyped community. It first showed that female motorcyclists have much lower injury crashes and fatalities rates than males. A first study showed that males declared more intentional risky behaviors and female more non-intentional risky behaviors. A second study showed that the PTW type chosen had a more important effect on the aberrant behaviors than sex. A third study showed that individuals who conformed to masculine stereotypes declared more violations than those who conformed to feminine stereotypes (declared more lapses), whatever their sex. Motivations to ride a PTW explaining this relation. Finally, this work showed that sex stereotypes associated with motorcycle riding already existed on the adolescent population, from the age of 11, even if they are themselves moped riders or if at least one of their parents is a rider. As a conclusion, significant differences between male and female PTW riders were revealed, in terms of accidentology and risk taking. These differences are linked to the riders’ conformity to their sex group and to the effects of this conformity on their motivations to ride a PTW. Moreover, it also showed that sex stereotypes exist for this specific road users’ population. This work led to a more detailed understanding of PTW riders’ aberrant behaviors, and to enrich the thinking for actions with regard to road safety education and prevention.

What if the emergency response directly knew exactly where to go and what to do if a road accident occured? During the last ten years the number of motorcyclists in Sweden has doubled. Every year, more than 300 riders are seriously injured and over 40 die in road accidents. Being found in time is critical to increase the chance of survival. The goal of this project is to use design methods to find a solution that enables a fast and adequate emergency response for motorcyclists and other unprotected road users. / Vad hade hänt om akutsjukvårdare direkt kände till var en olycka inträffat och vilken vårdinsats som behövdes? Under de senaste tio åren har antalet motorcyklister i Sverige fördubblats. Varje år skadas över 300 förare allvarligt, och över 40 omkommer i trafikolyckor. Att bli hittad i tid är kritiskt för att öka chansen för överlevnad. Målet med det här projektet är att med designmetoder hitta ett sätt att möjliggöra en snabb och adekvat räddningsinsats för motorcyklister och andra oskyddade motortrafikanter.