Existing research suggests that when consumers encounter hybrid products or boundary-spanning products with attributes belonging to multiple categories, consumers tend to generate inferences based on only a single product category. Reliance on a single category for inferencing is termed as the “single category belief problem” which has been regarded as a vital marketing challenge because it leads consumers to underestimate the true utility of a hybrid product as certain product attributes are ignored. Our objective was to explore whether single category beliefs manifest in consumer choice for a hybrid product when strategically placed within varying contexts. The research used discrete choice experiment (DCE) to test hypotheses. Our research confirms that the single category belief is evident in consumer choice. We also found that the context the hybrid product is placed within has a major influence on what consumers preferred the most. Depending on the context a hybrid product was seen in had significant influence on how consumers evaluated product attributes and made purchase decisions. The findings for this research may be very beneficial for marketers.

近年來，國內有許多研究提倡大眾運輸導向發展 (Transit Oriented Development)的理念，政府也大力推動大眾運輸系統的建設，其中最為重要的是捷運的建設，在台北都會區，捷運路網的建設正逐步完成，與捷運建設息息相關的捷運聯合開發(Transit Jointed Development)也隨之蓬勃發展，同時，捷運聯合開發亦是我國推動大眾運輸導向發展普遍的作法之一。目前台北都會區目前共有82處聯合開發基地，已完工基地有35處，可容納6,317個家戶，以及755,773.69帄方公尺樓地板面積，對於減緩日益嚴重的都市住宅問題，有一定程度的幫助。但在規劃聯合開發住宅時，聯合開發住宅在不同類型、特性之捷運場站中，將面臨到許多問題，如：純住宅型態或住商混合型態較能符合民眾之需求？哪些家戶會選擇聯合開發住宅？又其家戶類型以及選擇原因為何？這些問題如何解決，係本研究欲探討之內容，因此，本研究以台北捷運聯合開發已完工且辦理租售作業之開發基地作為研究對象，並篩選出9處聯合開發基地進行實證研究，透過問卷調查的方式，瞭解民眾之聯合開發住宅選擇行為與旅運行為，並透過二項與多項羅吉特模型，探討影響民眾聯合開發住宅選擇行為之影響因素。 實證結果發現，在旅運行為方面，聯合開發住宅住戶之大眾運輸使用率大幅增加，在通勤時間與花費方面，通勤時間與花費均減少。除此之外，聯合開發住宅住戶之汽車持有率與使用頻率均大幅減少。在家戶特性方面，捷運聯合開發住宅住戶之家戶規模普遍較小，且家計負責人之年紀普遍較為年輕，進一步形成其他特性，如：就學人口比例較低、家戶月收入較低等。在影響因素方面，家戶規模、住宅帄均單價、住宅規模對民眾選擇不同類型之聯合開發住宅有顯著影響。最後依據實證結果，建議未來聯合開發住宅之規劃應加入TOD的規劃原則，對於聯合開發住宅之坪數、商業面積，應依捷運場站之類型進行調整，使聯合開發住宅之效益達到最大。 / In recent years, there are many researches promote the idea of the transit-oriented development. The government also vigorously promotes this infrastructure projects. One of the most important projects is the development of the MRT system. In Taipei metropolitan area, while the construction of the MRT network is gradually completed, the transit jointed dvelopment is also flourishing. Moreover, transit jointed development is the most common way in order to promote TOD. Currently, there are 82 Transit Jointed Development bases in Taipei metropolitan area. 35 of the bases have already completed, which can accommodate 6,317 household with 75,577,369 square meters of floor area. It certainly will help to alleviate the problem of urban housing. However, in planning of the Jointed Residential Development, it will face many problems due to the different types of characteristics of the MRT station. For example, which households will choose a jointed development dewilling? What is the reason of choosing jointed development dewilling? How to solve these problems? These are the contents of the study. Therefore, in this study, we target the bases that have already been completed and applied for rental operations in transit jointed development as the research object, and select 9 of them for the empirical research. In order to understand people’s choice behavior in jointed development dewilling, we use survey as a method, and explore the factors that affect people’s choice behavior by applying Binary Logit and Multinomial Logit Models. The results of empirical research show that households in the jointed development dewilling increase their public transport usage and reduce their commuting time and costs. In addition, their car ownership rate and frequency of use are significantly reduced. In the aspect of household characteristics, the households in the jointed development in the household scale are generally small and relatively young age of the householder. Those characteristics are going to further the formation of the other features, such as: the lower the proportion of student population and lower income households. Impact factors, such as the size of the household, the average residential price, residential scale on the people choose different types of joint development dewilling have a significant effect. Finally, according to the empirical results, it is recommended that the TOD should be added to the planning principle of the future Joint Residential Development. For the Jointed Residential Development, the size of house and commercial area should be adjusted along with the MRT in order to maximize the efficiency.

Cette recherche se penche sur l’impact des facteurs contextuels, familiaux et individuels dans l’accessibilité au postsecondaire des Premières Nations et des Métis âgés entre 18 et 34 ans qui vivent hors collectivités des Premières Nations au Canada. En plus de l’impact de ces facteurs au niveau national, cette recherche s’intéresse aussi à leur impact selon les trois types de systèmes scolaires canadiens « à choix exclusif », « à choix progressif » et « à choix multiples ». Des régressions logistiques multinomiales ont été réalisées sur les données de l’enquête auprès des peuples Autochtones de 2012. Trois groupes de facteurs qui totalisent 24 indicateurs ont été examinés afin de répondre aux questions de recherche. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que même si les facteurs contextuels, tels que l’environnement social et scolaire au secondaire et les facteurs familiaux, tels que la scolarité des membres de la famille sont déterminants dans l’accès au postsecondaire des Autochtones, les facteurs individuels sont les principaux facteurs prédictifs de cet accès. Parmi les facteurs les plus importants, il y a la performance académique et le décrochage scolaire, suivi de l’âge qui affecte considérablement cet accès, particulièrement à l’université. De plus, l’analyse de l’effet de modération selon les trois systèmes scolaires canadiens a également permis de distinguer une différence significative entre ces derniers qui est perceptible, d’une part, par les variances expliquées et, d’autre part, par l’impact différé des trois groupes de facteurs étudiés. / This research assesses the impact of contextual, family and individual factors in access to postsecondary education of First Nations and Métis people aged between 18 and 34 years old, living outside First Nations communities in Canada. This research examines also the impact of these factors across the three postsecondary types of school systems of Canada, i.e., “exclusive choice”, “progressive choice” and “multiple choice”. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed on the data of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey of 2012. Three groups of factors totaling 24 indicators were examined in order to answer the research questions. The results of this research show that, while contextual factors, such as the social and academic environment and family factors, such as the high academic level of family’s members are determinant in access to postsecondary education among Aboriginals living outside First Nations communities, the individual factors are the main predictors of this access. Among these main predictors, there are academic performance, dropping out of school and age. In addition, the analysis of moderation effects according to the three postsecondary types of systems present in Canada showed significant differences that can be seen, first, in the explained variance and second, in the difference between the importance of the different groups of factors in each system.

Multivariate mixed Poisson processes are special multivariate counting processes whose coordinates are, in general, dependent. The first part of this thesis is devoted to properties which multivariate counting processes may possess. Such properties are, for example, the Markov property, the multinomial property and regularity. With regard to regularity we study the properties of transition probabilities and intensities. The second part of this thesis restricts the class of all multivariate counting processes by additional assumptions leading to different types of multivariate mixed Poisson processes which, however, are connected with each other. Using a multivariate version of the Bernstein-Widder theorem, it is shown that multivariate mixed Poisson processes are characterized by the multinomial property. Furthermore, regularity of multivariate mixed Poisson processes and properties of their moments are studied in detail. Throughout this thesis, two types of stability of properties of multivariate counting processes are studied: It is shown that most properties of a multivariate counting process are stable under certain linear transformations including the selection of single coordinates and summation of all coordinates. It is also shown that the different types of multivariate mixed Poisson processes under consideration are in a certain sense stable in time.

This thesis explores to what extent Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers can be used to determine the polarity of news, specifically the news coverage of Sweden by the Russian state-funded news outlets RT and Sputnik. Three experiments are conducted.  In the first experiment, an MNB and an SVM classifier are trained with the Large Movie Review Dataset (Maas et al., 2011) with a varying number of samples to determine how training data size affects classifier performance.  In the second experiment, the classifiers are trained with 300 positive, negative, and neutral news articles (Agarwal et al., 2019) and tested on 95 RT and Sputnik news articles about Sweden (Bengtsson, 2019) to determine if the domain specificity of the training data outweighs its limited size.  In the third experiment, the movie-trained classifiers are put up against the domain-specific classifiers to determine if well-trained classifiers from another domain perform better than relatively untrained, domain-specific classifiers.  Four different types of feature sets (unigrams, unigrams without stop words removal, bigrams, trigrams) were used in the experiments. Some of the model parameters (TF-IDF vs. feature count and SVM’s C parameter) were optimized with 10-fold cross-validation.  Other than the superior performance of SVM, the results highlight the need for comprehensive and domain-specific training data when conducting machine learning tasks, as well as the benefits of feature engineering, and to a limited extent, the removal of stop words. Interestingly, the classifiers performed the best on the negative news articles, which made up most of the test set (and possibly of Russian news coverage of Sweden in general).

Dans cette étude, j’examine la propension à former une union interethnique parmi les Canadiens arabes de seconde génération et de génération 1.5 en utilisant les données du recensement canadien de 2016. L’analyse descriptive montre que les unions interethniques sont fréquentes au sein de cette population. Environ la moitié des hommes (56%) et des femmes (49%) sont dans une union interethnique avec une personne non-Arabe d’origine immigrante ou un(e) Canadien(ne) de troisième génération ou des générations suivantes. La régression logistique multinomiale révèle que les hommes et les femmes avec un niveau d’éducation plus élevé, une ascendance partiellement arabe et un statut d’immigrant de deuxième génération sont significativement plus enclins à être en union interethnique qu’à être en union intraethnique avec un immigrant de première génération. Conformément à la théorie de l’assimilation segmentée, ces résultats suggèrent que l’intégration socioéconomique et l’acculturation contribuent à la propension des descendants arabes à former des unions avec des individus non-arabes. La propension des descendants arabes à être en union intraethnique avec des immigrants de première génération ou des descendants est aussi une problématique dont je discute. / In this study, I examine the propensity to form interethnic unions among the 1.5 and second generations of Arab Canadians using the 2016 Canadian census data. The descriptive analysis shows that interethnic unions are common within this population. About half the men (56%) and the women (49%) are in an interethnic union with a non-Arab person with an immigrant background or a Canadian of third generation or subsequent generations. The multinomial logistic regression reveals that men and women with higher educational attainment, part Arab ancestry and second-generation immigrant status are significantly more prone to be in an interethnic union than in an intraethnic union with a first-generation immigrant. In accordance with the segmented assimilation theory, these results suggest that socioeconomic integration and acculturation contribute to the propensity of Arab descendants to form unions with non-Arab individuals. The propensity of Arab descendants to be in intraethnic unions with first generation-immigrants or with descendants of immigrants (1.5 and second generations) is also discussed in this thesis.

La tesis se enmarca en el análisis microeconométrico de la demanda turística de los hogares españoles. Su objetivo general es estudiar los determinantes que influyen en la decisión de consumo turístico, frecuencia de consumo y gasto de los hogares en servicios turísticos. En el análisis de todas las decisiones intervienen variables no estrictamente económicas específicas de cada hogar (número de miembros, existencia de niños y otras variable ligadas al ciclo de vida del hogar) y de sus miembros (edad, nivel educativo, y otras variable ligadas al momento vital por el que atraviesan). Además, se incorporan variables económicas o ligadas a la situación económica del hogar. De esta manera se puede realizar un análisis sobre las diferentes decisiones de consumo turístico de los hogares y vincularlas a sus preferencias, restricciones temporales, restricciones monetarias o diferentes circunstancias condicionadas a su momento vital. Se hace especial referencia a los efectos de la crisis económica mundial y el desempleo de los miembros del hogar sobre su gasto turístico efectivo. Este trabajo está estructurado en cuatro capítulos. En el primer capítulo se aborda el estudio de las restricciones a las que hacen frente los hogares españoles a la hora de viajar. Para ello, se estudia la importancia que tiene la situación económica del hogar como barrera al consumo turístico. Los hogares analizados provienen de la muestra española del año 2000 de la encuesta del Panel de Hogares de la Comunidad Europea (PHOGUE). En el segundo capítulo se examina la frecuencia de participación turística mediante la explotación de los microdatos de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) durante el periodo 1999-2005. Además de la renta disponible y las variables del hogar asociadas a su situación económica, el tiempo libre, marcado por la situación laboral del sustentador familiar, y otros factores del hogar y sus miembros se incluye una variable temporal que permita describir la evolución de la frecuencia en el periodo considerado. En el tercer capítulo se examinan las decisiones de participación y gasto turístico de los hogares españoles en un periodo caracterizado por un cambio en el ciclo económico. Se emplean microdatos de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) de los años 2006 a 2010, lo que permite analizar las consecuencias que la crisis económica y el desempleo tienen sobre las decisiones de consumo turístico de los hogares. Finalmente, el cuarto capítulo tiene como principal objetivo la clasificación de los hogares en función de sus preferencias de consumo, distinguiendo entre demandantes de baja intensidad (nulo o muy escaso gasto turístico), intensidad media (gasto turístico intermedio) y alta intensidad (gasto turístico elevado). Así, se pretende ofrecer una alternativa a la modelización del gasto turístico teniendo en cuenta, de manera explícita, las preferencias personales ya que estas juegan un papel fundamental en la demanda turística como respuesta a un conjunto de características sociodemográficas y económicas. Los microdatos empleados pertenecen a la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) de los años 2006 a 2010. Los ingresos son la variable que mayor poder explicativo tiene sobre la demanda turística. Aún así, las variaciones en el nivel de renta no presentan efectos uniformes en la variación del consumo turístico de los diferentes hogares. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la existencia de otros factores sociodemográficos que pueden compensar o restringir el consumo turístico efectivo. Las variaciones de los ingresos en los hogares, debidos a factores externos como la crisis o el desempleo, o a otros factores específicos del hogar y de sus miembros, no tienen el mismo efecto en las variaciones de la demanda turística final. Para el análisis de la demanda turística es necesario utilizar herramientas de estimación que permitan recoger la heterogeneidad de los consumidores. De esta manera, el efecto de los ingresos o de la situación económica de un hogar puede verse compensado por la presencia de otras variables ya sean preferencias o determinantes sociodemográficos. En cuanto a la novedad de introducir el efecto de la crisis, los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que ante ésta, los hogares modifican parcialmente sus criterios de decisión. En un entorno social de crisis económica los hogares otorgan a los ingresos un papel más conservador en la decisión de participación; no obstante, una vez tomada esa decisión, el gasto efectivo es más sensible al nivel de ingresos del hogar. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la conveniencia de incluir información sobre la situación laboral del sustentador principal, y si cabe, del resto de miembros en las decisiones de participación, frecuencia de viaje y gasto turístico. En España, dónde su economía se caracteriza por las elevadas tasas de desempleo y donde el ciclo económico afecta a la permanencia de empleo de los individuos, esta consideración ayuda a obtener una imagen más real sobre el comportamiento del hogar. Como se observa en los resultados el desempleo tiene un efecto negativo en las decisiones de consumo turístico que es coherente con la literatura revisada. El seguimiento y análisis de la demanda turística debe realizarse en un entorno de constantes cambios y, en la actualidad, con perspectivas de estancamiento. La tesis contribuye al análisis de la demanda turística señalando la heterogeneidad de comportamiento y preferencias de los consumidores, para los que el nivel de ingresos es sólo un factor en el conjunto de determinantes económicos y sociodemográficos que afectan a sus decisiones de consumo.

The general focus of this thesis is on how the family, work and the welfare system are intertwined. A major determinant is the way responsibilities are shared by the state, the market and civil society in different welfare state regimes. An introductory chapter will therefore be dedicated to the development of the social dimension in the process of European integration. A first chapter will then go deeper into the comparative analysis of welfare state regimes, to comment on the provision of welfare in societies with a different mix of state, market and societal welfare roles and to assess the adequacy of existing typologies as reflections of today’s changed socio-economic, political and gender reality. Although they stand strong on their own, these first two chapters also contribute to contextualising the research subject of the remainder of the thesis: the study and comparison of the differential situation of women and men and of mothers and non-mothers on the labour markets of the EU-15 countries as well as of the role of public policies with respect to the employment penalties faced by women, particularly in the presence of young children. In our analysis, employment penalties are understood in three ways: (i) the difference in full-time equivalent employment rates between mothers and non-mothers, (ii) the wage penalty associated with motherhood, and (iii) the wage gap between part-time and full-time workers, considering men and women separately. Besides from a gender point of view, employment outcomes and public policies are thus assessed comparatively for mothers and non-mothers. Because women choose to take part in paid employment, fertility rates will depend on their possibilities to combine employment and motherhood. As a result, motherhood-induced employment penalties and the role of public policies to tackle them should be given priority attention, not just by scholars, but also by politicians and policy-makers. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

This research work concentrate on developing digital soil maps to support field based plant phenotyping research. We have developed soil organic matter content (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), natural soil drainage class, and tile drainage line maps using topographic indices and aerial imagery. Various prediction models (universal kriging, cubist, random forest, C5.0, artificial neural network, and multinomial logistic regression) were used to estimate the soil properties of interest.