Children who struggle to learn math are often identified by their poor performance on common math learning activities, such as number line estimations. While such behavioral assessments are useful in the classroom, naturalistic neuroimaging of children engaged in real-world math learning activities has the potential to identify concurrent behavioral and neurological correlates to poor math performance. Such correlates may help pinpoint effective teaching strategies for atypical learners, and may highlight instructional methods that elicit typical neurological response patterns to such activities. For example, multisensory stimulation that contains information about number enhances infants' and preschool children's behavioral performance on many numerical tasks and has been shown to elicit neural activation in areas related to number processing and decision-making. Thus, when applied to math teaching tools, multisensory stimulation may provide a platform through which both behavioral and neural math-related processes may be enhanced. Common approaches to neuroimaging of math processing lack ecological validity and are often not analogous to real-world learning activities. However, because of its liberal tolerance of movement, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides an ideal platform for such studies. Here, NIRS is used to provide the first concurrent examination of neurological and behavioral data from number line estimation performance within children and adults. Moreover, in an effort to observe the behavioral and neurological benefits to number line estimations that may arise from multisensory stimulation, differential feedback (i.e., visual, auditory, or audiovisual) about estimation performance is provided throughout a portion of the task. Results suggest behavioral and neural performance is enhanced by feedback. Moreover, significant effects of age suggest young children show greater neurological response to feedback, and increase in task difficulty resulted in decreased behavioral performance and increased neurological activation associated with mathematical processing. Thus, typical math learners effectively recruit areas of the brain known to process number when math activities become increasingly difficult. Data inform understanding typical behavioral and neural responses to real-world math learning tasks, and may prove useful in triangulating signatures of atypical math learning. Moreover, results demonstrate the utility of NIRS as a platform to provide simultaneous neurological and behavioral data during naturalistic math learning activities.

The present study aimed to investigate intranasal trigeminal sensitivity in a large sample of patients with anosmia due to different etiologies. We investigated the trigeminal detection threshold for formic acid in healthy controls (n = 96) and patients with anosmia due to head trauma (n = 18) or sinonasal disease (n = 54). Anosmics exhibited higher thresholds compared with normosmics (p < 0.001). In addition, thresholds were found to be higher in patients with posttraumatic anosmia compared to anosmics with sinonasal disease (p < 0.001). The data indicate that (1) loss of olfactory sensitivity in humans may be associated with a decreased sensitivity towards trigeminal stimuli and (2) alteration of intranasal trigeminal function is stronger in patients with posttraumatic anosmia compared to patients with sinonasal disease. This may have implications for the medicolegal investigation of anosmic patients where trigeminal stimuli are frequently used to assess the patient’s response bias. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Syfte och forskningsfrågor Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur servicelandskapet på traditionella caféer kan påverka de olika sinnena och kundens upplevelser. Syftet är också att kunna påvisa vad som kan anses vara unikt i servicelandskapet för traditionella caféer. Studien ska även undersöka vilka faktorer och värdegrunder som kan förstärka konkurrenskraften för traditionella caféer på marknaden. Forskningsfrågan som vi har valt formuleras följande: • Hur kan traditionella caféer utveckla sitt servicelandskap för ökad konkurrenskraft, med stöd av sinnesorienterad marknadsföring? Metod Studien är utformad utifrån en kvalitativ studie som har en kombination av deduktiv och induktiv ansats, som också benämns abduktiv ansats. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat på ett strategiskt sätt och innefattas av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsatser Studiens resultat har påvisat att sinnesmarknadsföringen har en stor betydelse för servicelandskapet. Om sinnena tillsammans med servicelandskapets stil och tema överensstämmer med varandra kan det leda till en starkare upplevelse och kvalité för kunden. Studien har vidare visat att flexibiliteten och tillgängligheten av servicelandskapet kan appliceras i serviceprocessen för att stärka konkurrenskraften på marknaden. / Purpose and research question The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the servicescape in traditional cafés can affect the different senses and the customers experience. The purpose is also to demonstrate what could be unique in the servicescape of traditional cafés. The thesis will also examine various factors and value bases which can strengthen the competitiveness for traditional cafés on the market. The research question we have chosen to examine is following: • How can traditional cafés develop their servicescape to strengthen their competitiveness, with support of multisensory marketing? Method This research is developed from a qualitative study which has a combination by deductive and abductive approach. The empirical material is collected on a strategic way and contains six semi structured interviews. Conclusions The result of the research has proven that multisensory marketing is by considerable importance to the service scape. If the senses together with the servicescapes style and theme is consistent with each other, it can lead to a stronger experience and quality for the costumer. The research has also shown that the flexibility and availability of the servicescape can be applied in the service process to strengthen the competitiveness on the market.

No description available.

Cette recherche interdisciplinaire se situe à l'intersection des sciences cognitives, de l'informatique et des arts. Nous y traitons de questions relatives à la perception et compréhension d'une expérience artistique dans le contexte des technologies numériques. Nous considérons l'ordinateur comme un outil puissant de création et nous nous posons la question du comment son rôle peut être fonctionnellement introduit dans les arts numériques. Une des clés de la réponse à cette question se situe dans la notion d'incorporation (embodiment). Il s'agit d'un aspect de la perception et de la cognition humaine que nous ne pouvons pas approcher de façon directe, car il s'agit d'un processus émergent qui se construit avec l'action. Dans cette thèse, nous avons fait émerger quatre critères pour qualifier puis tenter d'évaluer les processus d'incorporation en situation créative, soit de réception soit de réception et d'action. Ces critères sont : la cohérence des retours sensoriels proposée par le système technologique, par exemple la cohérence entre le son et l'image ou entre le son, le geste et l'image ; la nature de l'action telle que perçue ou effectuée ; la sensation d'immersion cognitive des participants ; le potentiel évocateur de la situation sensori-motrice proposée à la perception et/ou à l'action.Nous avons mis en œuvre une méthode qualitative pour l'analyse d'expériences multisensorielles et interactives. Des entretiens ouverts ont permis de récolter un corpus de données sous forme d'enregistrements audiovisuels et de textes transcrits de ces entretiens. Un des objectifs de ces entretiens est de favoriser l'expressivité du sujet sur la manière dont il a vécu la situation en amont, voire au-delà, d'un quelconque jugement esthétique. Cette méthode a été utilisée dans de deux types de situations. Dans la première situation, nous avons mené des entretiens avec des spectateurs ayant participé à un concert effectué dans le cadre des Journées d'Informatique Musicale à Grenoble. Pour cela, nous avons choisi sept pièces audiovisuelles d'auteurs différents, qui étaient soit des œuvres jouées sur scène, soit des œuvres enregistrées. Le deuxième cas comporte des entretiens réalisés avec des participants d'une œuvre interactive audio-visio-haptique intitulée « Geste réel sur matière simulée ». Cette installation a été conçue dans le cadre du projet Créativité Instrumentale pour étudier les transformations du processus de création induit par les technologies de la simulation interactive numérique. Elle se décline en trois scènes de simulation multisensorielle réalisées par modèle physique permettant l'interaction instrumentale. Les entretiens avaient lieu pendant et après l'expérience. L'analyse des discours recueillis, nous a permis de mettre en évidence la relation entre l'outil technologique et l'homme. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre théorique composé de quatre éléments : Cohérence, Immersion, Action et Evocation, à l'aide desquels nous avons analysé les discours de sujets confrontés à des situations multisensorielles numériques actives et ainsi cerner l'embodiment dans telles situations. L'usage de ces quatre éléments dans l'analyse des discours nous a permis de mettre en évidence une multitude de liaisons entre eux qui se déclinent selon les paramètres des scènes virtuelles. Différents mécanismes de compréhension de ces scènes se mettent en place selon la manière dont les sensorialités sont stimulées et nos analyses nous ont permis de qualifier comment le visuel, l'audio et l'haptique pris séparément ou réunis permettent d'appréhender des différentes dimensions de la scène dans sa complexité. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais

The primary aim of this study was to establish whether redintegrative effects can be revealed under conditions with complex sensory stimulation.  Specifically, would the cortical activity involved in the single-trial, passive encoding of a movie, be reactivated when subsequently exposed to a unisensory component of that movie, e.g. an audio- or visual-only segment?  High-density electrical neuroimaging analysis in the frequency domain was used to assist this aim.  The statistical comparisons revealed a greater number of oscillating neuronal regions across all frequency bands in participants who received audiovisual stimulation prior to unisensory exposure (compared to participants who experienced the same unisensory stimulus without prior audiovisual stimulation).   This difference between groups was significant in the alpha2 (right frontal lobe) and gamma (right frontal, sub-lobar and temporal lobes) frequencies during audio-only stimulation.    This enhanced cortical activity during unisensory stimulation suggests that participants were retrieving associated memory traces from their prior multisensory experience, although specific redintegrative effects could not be confirmed.

Abstrakt Svensk titel: Delar av det hela. En fallstudie om hur multisensoriskt material påverkar SUM-elevers grundläggande förståelse för bråkräkning.   English title: Part of the whole. A case study on how multisensory material affects SEN-students' basic understanding of fractions.   Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur elevers förståelse för rationella tal i matematiken påverkades i en interventionsstudie med fokus på arbete med multisensoriskt material. Syftet med studien var dels att pröva en intensivundervisning med multisensorisk träning för några elever i matematiksvårigheter, samt att undersöka om denna intensivundervisning bidrog till ökad förståelse av rationella tal.   Studien har genomförts med fyra elever i årskurs 5 likt en fallstudie med ambitionen att fånga in och analysera undervisningssituationerna samt hur elevernas inre bilder kan komma till uttryck. I analysen har Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv och Bruners teori kring representationer använts, eftersom de kompletterar varandra vad gäller att synliggöra lärandet som sker och den förståelse som utvecklas hos elever vid en intensivundervisning med ett multisensoriskt material. Vygotskijs teori används i analysen av elevernas resultat med fokus på det stöttande lärandet i intensivundervisningen och Bruners teori synliggör hur elevernas grundläggande förståelse och deras inre representationer för rationella tal har påverkats.   Studiens resultat visar att intensivundervisning med multisensoriskt material inverkar positivt på elevers förståelse för rationella tal. En utveckling av elevernas inre bilder var också synlig i studien. / Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate students’ understanding of rational numbers and how it could be influenced in an intervention study with multisensory material. The aim of the study was to study intensive teaching with multisensory training for some students in mathematical difficulties, as well as to study whether this intensive teaching contributed to increased understanding of rational numbers.   The study has been conducted with four students in grade five as a case study with  ambition to capture and analyze the teaching situations and how the students’ inner images can be expressed. In the analysis, Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective and Bruner's theory of representations have been used, as they complement each other in making the learning that occurs visible and the understanding developed by students in intensive teaching with a multisensory material. Vygotsky's theory is used in the analysis of the students outcomes, focusing on the supportive learning in intensive teaching, and Bruner's theory shows how the students' basic understanding and their inner representations for rational numbers have been influenced.   The study’s findings show that intensive teaching with multisensory material had a positive impact on the students’ understanding of rational numbers. A development of the students’ inner images was also visible in this study.

A growing body of evidence suggests that some Science teachers use drama-based strategies in order to promote understanding of abstract scientific concepts. These strategies employ action and imagination to simulate systems and processes that are too fast, too slow, too big, too small, too expensive or too dangerous to observe in the classroom. A small group of quantitative and qualitative studies over the past thirty years has suggested that these physical simulations enable learning in secondary students, by promoting discourse and by conveying concept features through a range of sensations. The field is as yet under-theorised, consisting of single case designs and unreplicated methodologies. This multiple case study focused upon an intervention design based on a pedagogical model developed in my Masters research. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of students' interaction and the nature of their resultant conceptions over four months. Each case focussed upon one of eight Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 classes across a variety of UK schools. In each, a curriculum-based particle theory topic was taught in a double-period lesson. Data included video, participant observations, and interviews with three students from each class collected at pre, post and delayed intervals. Findings suggested that the pedagogy engendered engagement and self-regulation in group model-making tasks, and supported thought experiment-type visualisations of dynamic processes. Conceptual development was found to continue up to four months after the lessons. A model of learning was developed in which social interaction and multimodal discourse promoted the association of conceptual features with affective, visual and embodied images, which supported recall, discussion and further conceptual development in the longer term.

Notre habilité à interagir avec les objets du monde nécessite l’intégration d’informations provenant de différents canaux sensoriels, dans le cadre de la construction d’une représentation de l’espace en particulier des informations visuelles et tactiles. L’espace péri personnel et l’intégration visuo-tactile ont été l’objet d’importantes recherche récemment. Des études neuro physiologiques chez le primate non-humain ont montré l’existence de neurones bi modaux activés à la fois par des stimulations tactiles et par des stimulations visuelles si ces dernières étaient présentées près d’une partie du corps (par exemple la main). Il a été proposé que ces neurones bi-modaux constituent le substrat neuronal de la représentation de l’espace péri personnel. Les études neuropsychologiques menées chez des patients présentant une extinction cross-modale consécutive à une lésion pariétale droite ont permis de suggérer l’existence du même type de représentation de l’espace péri personnel chez l’homme. Les données issues des études en neuro imagerie fonctionnelle sont venues par la suite conforter cette idée. Plus récemment, à travers l’utilisation d’outils, des données acquises chez le primate humain et non humain ont révélé les propriétés dynamiques de cette représentation spatiale. Selon notre hypothèse la représentation de l’espace péri personnel est une interface présidant aux interactions du corps avec les objets du monde externe. Nous avons donc évalué le rôle et l’état de l’espace péri personnel lors de l’exécution de mouvements volontaires vers des objets (comme une simple saisie) et lors de mouvements involontaires d’évitement. Lors d’une première série d’expériences nous avons étudié les coordonnées spatiales du codage des objets qui soudainement se rapprochent du corps grâce à la mesure des potentiels évoqués moteurs. Cette étude a révélé que l’espace péri personnel joue un rôle dans la représentation des objets approchant le corps et dans la sélection des mouvements appropriés en réponse. Lors d’une seconde série d’expériences nous avons utilisé un paradigme d’interférence visuo-tactile couplé à l’enregistrement cinématique des mouvements de saisie afin d’examiner la représentation de l’espace péri personnel lors de 1 l’exécution d’actions volontaires. Cette approche novatrice nous a permis de mettre en évidence que l’action volontaire induit un recodage en ligne de l’interaction visuo-tactile dans l’espace de préhension. Ce recodage de l’action s’effectue en coordonnées centrées sur la partie du corps qui exécute l’action. En conclusion nos études expérimentales démontrent que l’espace péri personnel est une interface multi sensorielle qui a été sélectionnée à travers l’évolution non seulement pour la gestion des mouvements d’évitement et de défense mais également pour l’exécution d’actions volontaires. / Our ability to interact with the environment requires the integration of multisensory information for the construction of spatial representations. The peripersonal space (i.e., the sector of space closely surrounding one’s body) and the integrative processes between visual and tactile inputs originating from this sector of space have been at the center of recent years investigations. Neurophysiological studies provided evidence for the presence in the monkey brain of bimodal neurons, which are activated by tactile as well as visual information delivered near to a specific body part (e.g., the hand). Neuropsychological studies on right brain-damaged patients who present extinction and functional neuroimaging findings suggest the presence of similar bimodal systems in the human brain. Studies on the effects of tool-use on visual-tactile interaction revealed similar dynamic properties of the peripersonal space in monkeys and humans. The functional role of the multisensory coding of peripersonal space is, in our hypothesis, that of providing the brain with a sensori-motor interface for body-objects interactions. Thus, not only it could be involved in driving involuntary defensive movements in response to objects approaching the body, but could be also dynamically maintained and updated as a function of manual voluntary actions performed towards objects in the reaching space. We tested the hypothesis of an involvement of peripersonal space in executing both voluntary and defensive actions. To these aims, we joined a well known cross-modal congruency effect between visual and tactile information to a kinematic approach to demonstrate that voluntary grasping actions induce an on-line re-weighting of multisensory interactions in the peripersonal space. We additionally show that this modulation is handcentred. We also used a motor evoked potentials approach to investigate which coordinates system is used to code the peripersonal space during motor preparation if real objects rapidly approach the body. Our findings provide direct evidence for automatic hand-centred coding of visual space and suggest that peripersonal space may also serve to represent rapidly 3 approaching and potentially noxious objects, thus enabling the rapid selection of appropriate motor responses. These results clearly show that peripersonal space is a multisensori-motor interface that might have been selected through evolution for optimising the interactions between the body and the objects in the external world.

As sensory marketing is becoming a more widely used strategy in the world, the need to distinguish oneself is more important than ever. The general knowledge of sensory cues, their interplay and sensory overload among Swedish retail beauty companies is researched in this thesis. We set out to identify the baseline knowledge of the store personnel and the implications thereof in Sweden on the subjects formerly mentioned.       This investigative study aims to provide an insight into the workings and knowledge gap of retail store design from the perspective of store personnel with sensory- marketing, interplay and congruency in mind with focus on the senses vision, audio and scent. The knowledge of these are assumed to influence a stores’ ability to cater to and adapt to everyday and sensory-sensitive consumers. The study also aims to provide an insight into the subject of sensory overload, what causes it and the effects that might be had from the experience.    To achieve this, we formed the research questions: “How do beauty retail stores in Sweden keep sensorial interplay in mind when designing their retail setting?” and “How do beauty retail stores in Sweden take sensory overload into consideration?”. We performed qualitative interviews with Swedish retail beauty stores’ employees. A foundational knowledge was established in the form of a literature review followed by empirical findings, to be discussed in the analysis.   The conclusions drawn from our research, were that there is awareness among managers on sensory marketing. However, sensory cues are commonly broken down and compartmentalized into singular events. While we found that there are congruence considerations taken as to how the cues relate to the stores’ brand, there seemed to be little to none taken to how the cues interplay with each other. We could also conclude that sensory overload is not a consideration. However, that there are various reasons to this, one major being that Swedish retailers are careful about the implementation of sensory experiences and therefore consider themselves safe from the possibility.