Political boundaries make watershed planning difficult despite the influence of many state and federal programs. Broad, top-down, watershed initiatives fail to reach many municipalities due to human resources, time and legalities. Thus, a watershed ecosystem based approach to city planning should be utilized in order to integrate a holistic and scientific foundation for land use decisions. However, there is a need for research for developing and applying a watershed approach to urbanizing watersheds. The goal of this study is to provide a series of science based transferable recommendations upon which municipalities can make land use planning decisions. These recommendations are informed by a watershed modeling and prioritization study conducted with the community of Northampton, Massachusetts. Analyses of water resource planning options were made concerning future development scenarios using an approach which links water quality and quantity, land use and government. A required component of the ecosystem approach, stakeholder participation, applied the Deliberative Attribute Prioritization Procedure (DAPP) for the first time in this context to assess the relative of different environmental concerns. The results of these stakeholder focus groups showed the importance of several key attributes including land use, water quality, water quantity, and impacts to neighborhing communities that were utilized in the watershed models. This thesis provides an integrated tool for water resource planning at the municipal level. However, without the effective transfer of these recommendations into existing policies like zoning, the results of the study have limited use. Therefore implementation of recommendations within municipal planning documents is an important component. This information will be utilized to evaluate priority water resource protection overlays by providing quantitative information and decision making within a community. A citywide watershed model and analysis used to guide policy-making and decision-making will assist in fulfilling the community of Northampton’s continuing commitment to work toward economic, environmental, and equitable sustainability, as well as provide a model for other communities.

I planerings - och stadbyggnadssammanhang har social hållbarhet i dagsläget med en samhällsutveckling som karaktäriseras av tilltagande värdepluralism och polarisering allt mer kommit att betraktas som en viktig faktor för samhällets förmåga att hantera intressekonflikter mellan olika grupper och intressen. Forskningen avseende social hållbarhet visar dock genomgående att det saknas en allmänt erkänd definition av vad social hållbarhet är vilket hämmar det praktiska arbetet med att stärka den sociala hållbarheten i stadsplaneringen. Syftet med detta arbete är att studera hur social hållbar stadsutveckling tolkas i ett svenskt kommunalt planeringssammanhang samt hur detta gestaltar sig i strategier för att stärka den sociala hållbarheten på lokal stadsdelsnivå. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ fallstudie av hur kommunerna Botkyrka och Nacka i Stockholmsregionen dels tolkar begreppet social hållbarhet och dels bedriver sitt stadsutvecklingsarbete i stadsdelarna Alby och Fisksätra genomförts. Förhållanden och förutsättningarna i de båda stadsdelarna som uppfördes under miljonprogrammet är likartade, det förekommer en högre grad av socioekonomiskt utanförskap här jämfört med övriga stadsdelar i respektive kommun. Däremot är kommunernas förutsättningar markant olika, beträffande såväl demografi, ekonomi, attraktivitet och politiskt styre. Arbetet bygger på en dokumentanalys av utvalda delar av Botkyrkas och Nackas planmaterial samt intervjuer med aktörer på olika nivåer i kommunerna som har varit involverade i stadsutvecklingen. Analysen utgår från fyra centrala teman som identifierats i litteraturgenomgången av det aktuella forskningsläget om hur social hållbarhet tolkas i stadsutveckling, nämligen: social sammanhållning, rättvisa och fördelning, den fysiska miljöns betydelse samt delaktighet och genomförande. Det visar sig att trots social hållbarhet är ett mycket omfattande begrepp som är öppet för olika tolkningar beroende på den lokala förförståelsen, så är de konkreta stadsutvecklingsstrategierna för den fysiska miljön påfallande lika i båda kommunerna. Skillnaderna som förekommer mellan kommunernas planeringspraktiker handlar i stället huvudsakligen om hur deras tolkning av social hållbarhet påverkat den organisatoriska uppbyggnaden samt hur de verksamma uppfattar sin yrkesroll och kommunens ställning i regionen. Förhållanden som i sin tur påverkar hur kommunerna bedriver sitt arbete med dessa frågor i relation till civilsamhälle och privata aktörer. / In the context of urban- planning and development, social sustainability, with a current societal development characterized by increasing value pluralism and polarization, has increasingly come to be regarded as an important factor in society's ability to deal with conflicts of interest between different groups and interests. However, research on social sustainability consistently shows that there is a generally recognized shortfall of the definition of what social sustainability is, which hampers the practical work of strengthening social sustainability in urban planning. The purpose of this work is to study how socially sustainable urban development is interpreted in a Swedish municipal planning context and how this is reflected in strategies for strengthening social sustainability at the local district level. To investigate this, a qualitative case study of how the municipalities of Botkyrka and Nacka in the Stockholm region partly interpret the concept of social sustainability and partly conduct their urban development work in the districts of Alby and Fisksätra has been carried out. Conditions and preconditions in the two districts that were built during the Million Program are similar, there is a higher degree of socio-economic exclusion here compared to other districts in each municipality. On the other hand, the municipalities' conditions are markedly different, in terms of demography, economy, attractiveness, and political governance. The work is based on a document analysis of selected parts of Botkyrka's and Nacka's planning material as well as interviews with actors at different levels in the municipalities who have been involved in urban development. The analysis is based on four central themes identified in the literature review of the current state of research on how social sustainability is interpreted in urban development, namely: social cohesion, justice, and distribution, the importance of the physical environment, and participation and implementation. It turns out that despite social sustainability is a very comprehensive concept that is open to different interpretations depending on the local preconception, the concrete urban development strategies for the physical environment are strikingly similar in both municipalities. The differences that occur between the municipalities' planning practices are instead mainly about how their interpretation of social sustainability has affected the organizational structure and how the operatives perceive their professional role and the municipality's position in the region. Conditions that in turn affect how the municipalities conduct their work on these issues with civil society and private actors.

This thesis is born out of a desire to better understand the intentions and implications behind a contemporary planning approach we term ‘pop-up planning’. This approach can be viewed as legitimized planning institutions borrowing aesthetic and practice from citizen-led, do-it-yourself urban initiatives which act to improve public space through often tactical or temporary means. There is a blurring of the intentionality behind pop-up planning approaches, as well as contention around the actual impacts pop-up planning approaches have. We relate the ambiguity of the intentions and impacts of pop-up planning approaches to both the diversity of terminology used by different local governments, and additionally, to the dominant economic imperative which favours exchange value over use value. Therefore, through a comparative critical analysis of pop-up planning in both Vancouver, Canada and Stockholm, Sweden, we seek to explore what implications pop-up planning has relating to democracy and social justice, and to uncover what impacts and intentionalities lay behind these approaches. / Den här uppsatsen bygger på viljan att bättre förstå intentionerna och följderna av en samtida planeringsapproach vi kallar pop-up planering. Detta tillvägagångssätt kan förklaras som att legitimerade planeringsinstitutioner lånar estetik och praktik från medborgarledda gör-det-själv-initiativ som verkar för att förbättra det offentliga rummet, ofta genom taktiska eller tillfälliga medel. Lokala myndigheter använder en mångfald av termer och begrepp relaterat till pop-up planering. Detta tillsammans med det dominerande ekonomiska imperativet, som gynnar bytesvärde framför brukarvärde, tenderar att grumla de bakomliggande avsikterna och de verkliga effekterna av denna planeringsapproach. Genom en jämförande kritisk analys av pop-up planering i både Vancouver, Kanada och Stockholm, Sverige, söker vi finna vilka konsekvenser pop-up planering har för demokrati och social rättvisa, samt att påvisa vilka effekter och avsikter som ligger bakom detta tillvägagångssätt inom planering.

The aim of this study is to explore heritage processes within contemporary urban planning in Sweden, which is done through a single-case study. The point of departure for the study is the management of Havrekvarnen, an early modernist industrial building within an urban development area of Nacka, Sweden. Through parallel decisions by the County Administrative Board and the local Municipality in 2016, the building was firstly, listed with the strongest legal, cultural, and historical protection available, and secondly, the municipal urban regulations were changed so that the landowner was given permission to pursuit a reconstruction of the building, replicating its original appearance. As such the case constitutes a hitherto unique example of a listed future reconstruction in Sweden. The study examines how the process took place, focusing on actors and critical junctures involved in the execution and how the description of the building's heritage-values changed. The study uses a composite theoretical framework of authorized heritage discourse and actor network theory. To this an explaining-outcome process tracing is applied as method. Through a sequential process of collecting empirical data, in the form of archival records and interviews, the process was mapped through the conceptualization of a causal mechanism. The method had not previously been used in the field of art history and was chosen as such with a tentative approach. The study gives an extensive presentation of the legal and practical framework surrounding heritage processes within urban planning in Sweden, as well as puts the study within a local historical context. The results of the study show that within the observed case, a trade-off situation between authenticity and aesthetic historical values arose, caused by the poor technical condition of the building: the aesthetic values were deemed to take precedence in the assessment. The study also shows how antiquarian consultants have had a decisive influence on the process of legislative enabling of the reconstruction of Havrekvarnen. The research design’s use of process tracing to map heritage processes is thus deemed useful for future enquiries within the field of art history and heritage studies.