Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-04-24T17:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHCN.pdf: 982841 bytes, checksum: bcab3da38d92906a3e65c80c31f92e51 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-25T14:19:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHCN.pdf: 982841 bytes, checksum: bcab3da38d92906a3e65c80c31f92e51 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-25T14:19:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHCN.pdf: 982841 bytes, checksum: bcab3da38d92906a3e65c80c31f92e51 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T14:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHCN.pdf: 982841 bytes, checksum: bcab3da38d92906a3e65c80c31f92e51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) / Musculoskeletal risks involving manual box handling can be minimized with the adoption of preventive approaches such as the inclusion of handles in boxes. However, the literature indicates the acquisition of motor skills over working time, can also be a protective factor in development of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the study 1 aimed to evaluate the physical load of the upper arms and upper back between 37 novice and 21 experienced subject during handling a new box design compared to commercial ones. The order of surfaces to handle (places to boxes depositions – floor and shoulder levels) and the type of box was randomized. In addition to direct measures (electrogoniometry, inclinometry and electromyography) subjective scales were used to assess the comfort and perceived effort. In general, both experienced and inexperienced subjects had lower biomechanics load handling non-commercial boxes compared to commercial ones. However, the inexperienced subjects demonstrated greater reductions in physical overload during the handling of non-commercial boxes, being more advantageous the recommendation of these boxes for this user profile. In the real work setting, handling boxes is highly rotating mainly in developing countries. Thus, interventions focus on boxes could help the workers, who may have different levels of experience with the job. However, the real work environment involves other tasks besides handling box, and tasks distribution over time could minimize the handling risks. In this way, the study 2 has been proposed to assess the physical exposure in real environment, where in addition to handling box workers perform other activities, aiming to identify the representative handling task in the total work exposure. The biomechanical exposure was assessed from muscular electrical activity of trapezius and upper limb movement recordings during a period of 4 hours to the work routine. The results showed that handling box task required the greater activation of the trapezius in relation to other activities, particularly in peak loads (percentiles 90 and 99 APDF - Amplitude Probability Distribution Function). Effect size calculations have identified the magnitude of the difference between the tasks is large, particularly in peak loads. In relation to the total job, handling box differed by greater amplitudes of upper back forward flexion and left arm elevation postures. Thus, the handling task requires interventions to decrease the physical load in a real work environment in order to promote occupational health, as identified in simulated environment by other studies. The conclusions of this thesis are related to the importance of considering the profile of workers' experience and the need to assessment work exposure involving all tasks performed, emphasizing the importance of studies involving workers in the real working environment. / Os riscos musculoesqueléticos do manuseio de caixas podem ser minimizados a partir da adoção de medidas preventivas, como a inserção de alças em caixas. No entanto, a literatura aponta que a aquisição de habilidades motoras, ao longo do tempo de trabalho, também pode ser um fator protetor no desencadeamento de lesões musculoesqueléticas. Dessa forma, o Estudo 1 teve como objetivo avaliar a carga física dos membros superiores e do tronco superior imposta à 37 sujeitos inexperientes e 21 experientes durante o manuseio de um novo design de caixa, comparado às caixas comerciais. A ordem do ajuste das superfícies onde as caixas foram depositadas (chão e ombro) e da utilização das caixas foi randomizada. Além de medidas diretas (eletrogoniometria, inclinometria e eletromiografia) foram utilizadas escalas para avaliação da agradabilidade e do esforço percebido. Em linhas gerais, tanto os sujeitos experientes como os não experientes apresentaram menor carga biomecânica durante o manuseio das caixas não comerciais comparadas às comerciais. No entanto, os inexperientes demonstraram maiores reduções da sobrecarga física durante o manuseio das caixas não comerciais, sendo mais vantajosa a recomendação dessas caixas para esse perfil de usuário. O contexto real de trabalho, o manuseio de caixas nos países em desenvolvimento é altamente rotativo. Dessa forma, intervenções na caixa poderiam favorecer os trabalhadores, que podem ter diferentes níveis de experiência com o trabalho. No entanto, o ambiente real de trabalho envolve outras tarefas além do manuseio de caixas, e a forma como as tarefas são distribuídas ao longo do tempo poderiam minimizar os riscos do manuseio. Dessa forma, o estudo 2 foi proposto para avaliar a exposição física em ambiente real, onde além do manuseio de caixas os trabalhadores realizam outras atividades, a fim de identificar a representatividade do manuseio na exposição total do trabalho. A exposição foi avaliada a partir do registro da atividade elétrica muscular do trapézio e dos movimentos do membro superior durante um período de 4h da jornada de trabalho. Os resultados demonstraram que o manuseio de caixas exigiu a maior ativação do trapézio em relação às demais atividades realizadas, particularmente nas cargas de pico (percentis 90 e 99 da APDF – Amplitude Probability Distribution Function). Cálculos do tamanho do efeito identificaram que a magnitude da diferença entre as tarefas é grande, principalmente nas cargas de pico. Já em relação ao trabalho total, o manuseio de caixas se diferiu pelas maiores amplitudes da postura de flexão anterior da coluna superior e de elevação do membro superior esquerdo. Dessa forma, o manuseio de caixas requer intervenções para diminuição da sobrecarga física em ambiente real de trabalho, a fim de promover saúde ocupacional, como identificado em ambiente simulado por outros estudos. As conclusões desta tese são referentes à importância de se considerar o perfil de tempo de experiência dos trabalhadores, bem como a necessidade de avaliações da exposição do trabalho envolvendo todas as tarefas realizadas, enfatizando a importância de estudos realizados com trabalhadores e no ambiente real de trabalho. / FAPESP: 2013/04839-5 / FAPESP: 2015/12493-7 / CNPq: 162324/2012-0

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Business Administration in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / Call centres have become an important source for organisations to provide efficient information to their customers through cost-effective communication channels. Call centres are defined as a work environment in which the main business is mediated by computer- and telephone-based technologies that allow the effective distribution of incoming calls to available staff, and permit customer–employee communication simultaneously with the use of display screen equipment (DSE) and instant access to information. Working in a call centre is often linked with high stress levels, difficult customers, shift work, high workload demand, absenteeism and high employee turnover rates. The work characteristics of call centres include performance targets where employees are required to achieve set targets, undergo close performance monitoring, performance appraisal systems, limited task variation, repetitive work and limited autonomy. The physical environment in the call centre is often associated with open-plan office layouts and booths where noise levels and workstations are positioned in close proximity to each other. Wellbeing in call centres has become a concern and the research was undertaken to establish what effects the working environment (physical environment and job characteristics) in call centres in the Cape Metropole has on the wellbeing of call centre agents. A quantitative research method was employed in the study. A structured questionnaire was distributed via SurveyMonkey® to call centre agents from four participating call centres in the Cape Metropole. The combined target population of the four call centres was 760. A sample size of 200 was determined by using the Raosoft Incorporated® calculation tool. Although the aforesaid sample size sufficed, a response rate of 275 was received. Questions relating to job characteristics and significance of the work were based on the Job Diagnostic Survey by Hackman and Oldham. Social support questions were based on the instrument developed by Caplan, Cobb, French, Van Harrison & Pinneau in 1975. Job demand questions were based on the instrument developed by Karasek in 1979, and only the section on job demand was used. Performance monitoring and physical work environment were measured by using the questions based on these variables by Sprigg et al in 2003. Emotional wellbeing questions relating to burnout were measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. The wellbeing questions relating to vocal health, optical health and auditory health were based on the questionnaires developed by Sprigg et al. in 2003. General health was measured using the “Somatic Complaints” section of the NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire. Musculoskeletal health problems were measured using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) developed by Hedge in 1994. Research question 1 addressed the gender perceptions of job characteristics, physical work environment and emotional and physical wellbeing. A T-test was conducted to answer the research question and the results revealed that there was no significant difference in gender perception on job characteristics; however there was a significant difference in perception of the physical work environment and wellbeing. Research question 2 addressed whether there is a significant difference in emotional and physical wellbeing experienced by call centre agents from various industries. A MANOVA analysis was conducted to determine the significance in industries, p = .015, and an ANOVA analysis was conducted that revealed agents working in the online retail as well as financial service industries were more likely to experience disengagement, p = .035. Research question 3 addressed the factors in the workplace environment that contribute to emotional and physical wellbeing problems. An ANOVA analysis was conducted and the results revealed lack of skills variety, p = .014, contributes to exhaustion; lack of autonomy, p = .040, contributes to disengagement; lack of supervisor support, p = .009, contributes to exhaustion, job demands, p = .000, contribute to exhaustion, performance monitoring, p = .036, contributes to exhaustion; and workstation layout, p = .001, contributes to auditory health problems. Research question 4 addressed whether there is a significant relationship between job characteristics, physical work environment and wellbeing. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted and the results revealed that there is a significant relationship between job characteristics, physical work environment, and wellbeing. It can be concluded that the workplace environment does have an impact on the wellbeing of call centre agents in the Cape Metropole. It is imperative that the management of call centres understand the nature of the job and how the physical environment contributes to job stress; burnout; vocal, auditory, and optical health problems; and musculoskeletal disorders. The researcher recognises that there are essential job characteristics associated with call centre work but that there are elements of the job that can be redesigned to improve the wellbeing of call centre agents. It is recommended that management implement interventions which will redesign those elements within the workplace environment that contribute to wellbeing issues. The findings of this study add to existing literature and knowledge of the workplace environment and wellbeing of call centre agents.

As seguintes hipóteses foram testadas neste estudo: (H1) após o controle das variáveis sócio-demográficas e profissionais, a adição do estresse ocupacional, da ansiedade e da depressão irá contribuir de forma expressiva para a redução da medida da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT); e (H2) após o controle das variáveis sócio-demográficas e profissionais, da presença de ansiedade e depressão, a adição do senso de coerência (SC) irá contribuir de forma expressiva para aumentar a medida de QVT. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a QVT, o perfil de saúde física e mental, a presença de estresse ocupacional e o SC entre profissionais de enfermagem lotados no Bloco Cirúrgico (BC). Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e correlacional, tipo corte transversal do qual participaram 211 trabalhadores de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de seis instrumentos: caracterização sócio-demográfica e profissional, Escala Visual Analógica para QVT, Job Stress Scale (versão resumida), Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS), instrumento derivado do Questionário Nórdico para Distúrbios Músculo-esqueléticos e o Questionário de Senso de Coerência de Antonovsky (QSCA). Os instrumentos escalares obtiveram de forma geral valores aceitáveis para o alfa de Cronbach. O alfa de Cronbach das dimensões da Job Stress Scale variou de 0,54 a 0,75. A HADS-Ansiedade obteve alfa de Cronbach igual a 0,79 e a HADS-Depressão 0,77, enquanto o QSCA obteve consistência interna de 0,87. Quanto à caracterização dos participantes, a maioria era de auxiliares de enfermagem (62,6%), do sexo feminino (86,7%), casados (54,0%), com idade média de 40 anos. O tempo médio de atuação nos Blocos Cirúrgicos foi de 9,3 (D.P.=8,0) anos. Quanto à avaliação da QVT para o total da amostra, obtivemos média de 58,9 (D.P.=27,7), intervalo possível de zero a 100, demonstrando uma avaliação moderada para essa medida. O estresse ocupacional, obteve valor médio para as suas dimensões (Demanda, Controle e Apoio Social) de 14,8 (D.P.=2,4), 16,5 (D.P.=2,3) e 18,7 (D.P.=2,8), respectivamente. Dentre os participantes, 115 (54,5%) encontravam-se no grupo de exposição intermediária ao estresse ocupacional. Quanto à avaliação da ansiedade e da depressão, obtivemos média para a medida de ansiedade de 6,3 (D.P.=3,7) e para a medida de depressão de 5,2 (D.P.=3,3), em um intervalo possível de zero a 21. Constatamos também que, dentre os profissionais de enfermagem, 66 (31,3%) apresentavam sintomas de ansiedade e 51 (24,2%) sintomas de depressão. As maiores prevalências anuais de distúrbios osteomusculares foram encontradas na região inferior das costas (n=82; 38,9%) e na região dos ombros (n=80; 37,9%). A média do QSCA para os 203 profissionais de enfermagem que responderam esse instrumento foi de 144,6 (D.P.=22,6), em um intervalo possível de 29 a 203. A medida de QVT obteve associação estatisticamente significante com as variáveis tipo de instituição (p=0,003), renda mensal (p=0,006), opção pelo local de atuação (p=0,01), presença de estresse ocupacional (p=0,001), presença de ansiedade (p=0,008), de depressão (p=0,05) e de distúrbios osteomusculares na região dos ombros (p=0,00), região lombar (p=0,00) nos últimos 12 meses e na região lombar nos últimos sete dias (p=0,01). A medida do SC obteve associação estatisticamente significante com o tipo de instituição (p=0,03), a presença de duplo vínculo empregatício (p=0,00), renda mensal (p=0,01), a presença de estresse ocupacional (p=0,029), a presença de ansiedade (p=0,000) e de depressão (p=.0,000). Confirmamos neste estudo que a adição do estresse ocupacional e dos transtornos de humor contribuiu para diminuir a QVT entre os profissionais de enfermagem dos BC, porém não confirmamos que a adição do SC poderia contribuir satisfatoriamente para aumentar a QVT destes trabalhadores. / The following hypotheses were tested in this study: H1- after controlling for sociodemographic and professional variables, adding occupational stress, anxiety and depression will meaningfully contribute to reduce the measures of Quality of Working Life (QWL); and H2 after controlling for socio-demographic and professional variables, anxiety and depression, adding sense of coherence (SOC) will contribute to increase the QWL measure. This observational, descriptive, correlational and cross sectional study aimed to evaluate QWL, the profile of physical and mental health, the presence of occupational stress and SOC among nursing professionals working in surgical settings (BC). In total, 211 nursing professionals participated in this study. Six instruments were used for data collection: socio-demographic and professional characterization, Visual Analogue Scale for QWL, Job Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and Antonovskys Sense of Coherence (SOC) Scale. In general, the scales obtained acceptable values for Cronbachs Alpha, which varied from 0.54 to 0.75 on the Job Stress Scale. HADS-Anxiety obtained 0.79 and HADS-Depression 0.77 for Cronbachs Alpha, while the SOC reached an internal consistency score of 0.87. Among the participants, most were nursing auxiliaries (62,6%), female (86,7%) and married (54,0%), with average age of 40 years. The average time of work at the BC was 9.3 (S.D.=8.0) years. Regarding assessment of QWL, the average score obtained for the total sample was 58.9 (S.D.=27.7), in a possible range from zero to 100, showing that workers were fairly satisfied with their quality of life at work. The dimensions (Demand, Control and Social Support) of occupational stress obtained mean scores, i.e. 14.8 (S.D.=2.4), 16.5 (S.D.=2.3) and 18.7 (D.P.=2.8), respectively. Among the participants, 115 (54.5%) were in the group of intermediate exposition to occupational stress. Regarding evaluation of anxiety and depression, the average anxiety score was 6.3 (S.D.=3.7) and average depression 5.2 (S.D.=3.3), in a possible range from zero to 21. It was also shown that, among nursing professionals, 66 (31.3%) presented symptoms of anxiety and 51 (24.2%) symptoms of depression. The highest annual prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found in the lower back region (n=82; 38.9%) and in the region of the shoulders (n=80; 37.9%). The SOC score for the 203 nursing professionals who answered this instrument was144.6 (S.D.=22.6), in a possible range from 29 to 203. The QWL measure showed a statistically significant association with the variables kind of institution (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.006), choice of place of work (p=0.01), presence of occupational stress (p=0.001), presence of anxiety (p=0.008), depression (p=0.05) and musculoskeletal disorders in the region of the shoulders (p=0.00), lumbar region (p=0.00) in the last 12 months and in the lumbar region in the last seven days (p=0,01). The SOC score presented a statistically significant association with kind of institution (p=0.03), having a second job (p=0.00), monthly income (p=0.01), presence of occupational stress (p=0.029), presence of anxiety (p=0.000) and depression (p=0.000). The study reasserted that adding occupational stress and mood disorders contributed to a decrease in QWL among nursing professionals in BC, although it was not confirmed that the addition of SOC could contribute to increase these workers QWL.

As principais desordens dos membros superiores e cervical (CANS - Complaints of arms, neck and shoulders) podem ser definidas como queixas musculoesqueléticas nas regiões de membro superior, ombro e pescoço não atribuídas a trauma agudo ou a desordens sistêmicas. Essas desordens são comuns entre trabalhadores usuários de computador. O Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) é uma das poucas ferramentas existentes na literatura para avaliação de risco ergonômico e psicossocial em trabalhadores, além da vantagem de ser específico para usuários de computador, porém não está validado no português-brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação transcultural para o português-brasileiro e validação do MUEQ em trabalhadores de escritório usuários de computador e verificar a prevalência das CANS na amostra recrutada. A tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiram as diretrizes do Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments nos estágios: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão pelo comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Na etapa do teste da versão pré-final, foram aplicados 55 questionários em trabalhadores usuários de computador, que relataram dificuldades de compreensão abaixo do valor estipulado de 20%, não sendo necessária a reformulação da ferramenta. Para testar a confiabilidade, outros 50 sujeitos preencheram o questionário, em dois momentos, com nível de reprodutibilidade considerado excelente (ICC>0,75). A amostra para a análise da consistência interna e análise fatorial do questionário contou com 386 trabalhadores usuários de computador de mesa entre 18 e 60 anos. Para a consistência interna foram observados valores de de Cronbach maiores que 0,7 para todos os domínios. Na análise fatorial os domínios/subdomínios apresentaram valores de eigenvalue superiores a 1 e os valores de variância explicada acumulada dos fatores de cada domínio variou entre 40% e 60%. A prevalência das CANS nos últimos três meses por pelo menos uma semana foi de 73,32% (IC=0,69-0,77) na amostra total (n=283) e 82% (IC=0,76-0,87) das mulheres e 62% (IC=0,55-0,69) dos homens relataram alguma das CANS. Os domínios foram mantidos iguais à versão original do MUEQ. A queixa musculoesquelética mais observada foi a dor no pescoço (51%). A partir deste trabalho disponibilizou-se um instrumento abrangente e confiável para a avaliação ergonômica e psicossocial relacionado às queixas em cervical e membro superior em trabalhadores usuários de computador brasileiros e foi observada alta prevalência de CANS na população observada. / Complaints of the Arm, Neck and Shoulder (CANS) have a multifactorial etiology, and, therefore, its assessment should take into consideration work-related ergonomic and psychosocial aspects. The Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) is among the few specific tools available to evaluate the nature and occurrence of CANS in computer office workers. The purpose of the present study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the MUEQ to Brazilian Portuguese and verify the psychometric properties of the MUEQ-Br in Brazilian computer office workers and to assess the prevalence of CANS in a sample of Brazilian computer office workers. The translation and cultural adaptation followed the guidelines of the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments in six stages: translation, synthesis, back translation, review by the expert committee, pre-test and submission of documents to the committee. In the test of pre-final version, 55 questionnaires were administered to computer workers who reported difficulties in understanding below the stipulated 20%, without the need for redesign of the tool. The pre-final version test counted on the participation of 55 computer office workers. For reproducibility, it was considered a sample of 50 workers who answered the questionnaire twice with a one-week interval. A sample comprised by 386 (37.44 years, Confidence Interval (CI) 95%:36.50-38.38, 216 women and 170 men) workers from the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto campus to validate the structure of the questionnaire, verify internal consistency and CANS prevalence. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used for the statistical analysis of reproducibility, Cronbachs Alpha for Internal Consistency, and the Principal Component Analysis method for Exploratory Factor Analysis. The psychometric properties of the MUEQ were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, which revealed 14 factors. The calculation of internal consistency, reproducibility and cross validation provided evidence of reliability and lack of redundancy. It was verified ICC values greater than 0.75 and cronbachs alpha greater than 0.7. Factor analysis was conducted for every section of the questionnaire and 14 factors were found, two for each section accounting for approximately 40 to 60% of the variance. The prevalence rate of CANS indicated that 73% (IC=0,69-0,77) of the respondents reported at least one complaint in the arm, neck and/or shoulder in the total sample (n=283), 82% (IC=0,76-0,87) of the women and 62% IC=0,55-0,69) of the men. The highest prevalence rates were found for neck symptoms (51%). The MUEQ-Br demonstrated to be a valid tool for the assessment of risk factors related to pain in the upper extremity among Brazilian computer office workers.

INTRODUÇÃO: A urbanização tem sido acompanhada por um crescente aumento no volume e na diversidade de resíduos sólidos produzidos. O reaproveitamento desses resíduos vem sendo feito desde o início do século XX, inicialmente pela figura do \"velho garrafeiro\", até que em 2003 ocorre o reconhecimento da profissão do \"catador de materiais recicláveis\" na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações. O problema ambiental decorrente da geração e do descarte de resíduos fez com que fosse instituída a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, sendo que entre suas diretrizes há o estimulo à participação do catador na cadeia produtiva da reciclagem. Não obstante a ocorrência de avanços nas condições de trabalho dos catadores persistem exposições penosas às cargas biomecânicas, tais como esforços físicos, posições viciosas e movimentos repetitivos. Adicionalmente, a organização do processo produtivo e o modo com que os catadores desenvolvem suas tarefas, são situações que predispõem a riscos e danos à saúde. OBJETIVO: Identificar a ocorrência de dor/desconforto osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em catadores que atuam em cooperativas de triagem na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com amostra constituída por 250 catadores distribuídos em quatro cooperativas, com entrevista dirigida por um instrumento de coleta de dados padronizado. RESULTADOS: Entre os catadores predominou o gênero feminino (62%), a idade entre 41-59 anos (53%), a raça negra/parda (66,4%) e abaixa escolaridade (77% com menos de oito anos de estudo). A dor/desconforto osteomuscular foi referida por 163 (65%) dos catadores, entre esses, a localização na coluna foi a mais frequente (50%), seguida dos membros superiores (45%) e membros inferiores (31%). Os resultados encontrados na análise multivariada mostraram que dor/desconforto estava associado aos meios de produção da cooperativa (p<0.000), ao fato de ter tido outra ocupação (p=0.007) e ter tido acidente de trabalho (p=0.043). CONCLUSÕES: As condições de trabalho observadas eram extremamente precárias e constituíam importante fator de risco para distúrbios osteomusculares. Catadores estão expostos à mesma posição de trabalho por longo período, posturas inadequadas, monotonia, esforço físico, repetitividade e manuseio de materiais cortantes. As condições em que desempenham suas tarefas são prováveis fatores a problemas osteomusculares / INTRODUCTION: Urbanization has been accompanied by a growing increase in the volume and diversity of solid waste produced. The practice of reusing these wastes has been carried out since the beginning of the XX century, initially by the figure of the \"bottle dealer\", up to 2003 when we had the recognition of the profession of \"recyclable materials collector\" in the Brazilian Classification of Occupations. The environmental problem caused by the production and disposal of waste led to the establishment of the National Solid Waste Policy, and among its guidelines there is an stimulus to the participation of the waste collector in the recycling chain. Despite the improvements in the working conditions of the waste collector, exposures to biomechanical loads, such as physical stresses, vicious positions and repetitive movements persist. In addition, the organization of the production process and the way in which the collectors perform their tasks are situations that predispose to risks and damages to health. OBJECTIVE: To identify the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain / discomfort related to the work of recyclable materials collector working in sorting cooperatives in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 250 collectors distributed in four cooperatives, with an interview conducted by a standardized data collection instrument. RESULTS: Among the recyclable materials collector, the majority were women (62%), with age between 41-59 years (53%), of black / brown race (66.4%) and low education (77% with less than 8 years of schooling). Musculoskeletal pain / discomfort was reported by 163 (65%) of the recyclable materials collector, among them, the location in the spine was the most frequent (50%), followed by upper limbs (45%) and lower limbs (31%). The results found in the multivariate analysis showed that pain/discomfort was associated with the means of production of the cooperative (p < 0.000), having had another occupation (p=0.007) and having had a work accident previously (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The working conditions observed are extremely precarious and constitute an important risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. Waste pickers are exposed to the same work position for long periods, inadequate postures, monotony, physical effort, repetitiveness and handling of sharp materials. The conditions under which they perform their tasks are likely factors to musculoskeletal problems

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-05-02T20:52:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Leonardo Esteves Natal.pdf: 2434506 bytes, checksum: 5e72db2f9b54811b6485ff0c0677a05d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T20:52:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Leonardo Esteves Natal.pdf: 2434506 bytes, checksum: 5e72db2f9b54811b6485ff0c0677a05d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia e exequibilidade na aplicação de um protocolo de treinamento teórico-prático de ergonomia específico para os Cirurgiões-Dentistas (CD) na profilaxia de LER/DORT, devido à alta prevalência de dor musculoesquelética na prática clínica odontológica. Para tanto, foi tomada uma amostra de 91 Cirurgiões-Dentistas formada por duas Instituições de Ensino de Odontologia situadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a saber, a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho e a Universo, Campus Niterói entre os meses de Abril e Outubro de 2015. Testes de hipóteses de inferência estatística foram realizados sobre as diferenças entre médias para amostras independentes, bem como testes de diferenças entre médias para amostras relacionadas. Os dados foram obtidos através da utilização de um questionário de percepção de regiões corporais dolorosas (Diagrama de Corlett), antes e após sessenta dias, para avaliação de sua eficácia. Os resultados estatísticos foram significativos na correlação entre a redução de dor musculoesquelética entre Cirurgiões-Dentistas com relação a dois fatores avaliados; a presença de auxiliar odontológico e o conhecimento adquirido sobre pausa e micro-pausas na prática clínica odontológica. A aplicação do protocolo mostrou-se eficaz na redução de dor musculoesquelética após sessenta dias. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of applying a theoretical and practical training protocol specific ergonomics for Dentists (CD) in the prevention of MSD due to the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the dental practice. To that end, we take a sample of 91 Dentists formed by two dental education institutions located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, namely, the Federal Fluminense University, Campus Valonguinho and the Universe, Campus Niterói between the months of April and October 2015 Testing hypotheses of statistical inference were carried out on the differences between means for independent samples and tests of differences between means for related samples. Data were obtained using a questionnaire of perception of painful body regions (Diagram Corlett) before and after sixty days, to evaluate its effectiveness. Statistical results were significant in the correlation between the reduction of musculoskeletal pain among Dentists in relation to two factors evaluated; the presence of dental assisting and knowledge acquired on break and micro-breaks in the dental practice. The application of the Protocol was effective in reducing musculoskeletal pain after sixty days

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO_COZZENSA_DA_SILVA_Tese.pdf: 3903973 bytes, checksum: 26d1830113da932096679982271bb286 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-08 / Aiming to collect information on knee pain and associated occupational factors among workers, a systematic review was conducted using Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Free Medical Journals databases, from 1990 to 2006. Keywords were: knee, knee pain, knee joint, knee dislocation, knee injuries, work, workplace, workload, employment, occupations, industry, occupational, workers, arthrosis and osteoarthritis. Equivalent terms in Portuguese and Spanish were also used. From the initial 2263 studies gathered, only 26 met the inclusion criteria of the review. Knee pain prevalence in the last 12 months ranged from 11.2% to 60.9%. Main associated factors were: female, older ages, high body mass index, kneeling working position and lifting at work. / Com o objetivo de reunir informações sobre dor nos joelhos entre trabalhadores e fatores ocupacionais associados, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Free Medical Journals, entre outros, referentes ao período 1990-2006, usando os descritores knee, knee pain, knee joint, knee dislocation, knee injuries, work, workplace, workload, employment, occupations, industry, occupational, workers, arthrosis, osteoarthritis e seus equivalentes em português e espanhol. Dos 2263 estudos inicialmente encontrados, somente 26 cumpriram os critérios necessários para permanecer na revisão. As prevalências de dor nos joelhos nos últimos 12 meses variaram entre 11,2% e 60,9% e os principais fatores associados foram: sexo feminino, idade avançada, IMC elevado, trabalhar ajoelhado e carregar peso no trabalho.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / This study aimed at identifying the factors contributing towards work related neck pain amongst university administrative staff, its impact on everyday life activities and in turn its prevalence. A quantitative descriptive cross sectional study design was used amongst the administrative staff at the University of The Western Cape, South Africa. Data collection was carried out with the help of a questionnaire which was administered by the researcher in person. Data was analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and SAS for windows. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was done. The results of this study revealed a very high prevalence of work related neck pain amongst university administrative staff. / South Africa

Les personnes vivant avec une lésion de la moelle épinière (LMÉ) dépendent de l'utilisation d'un fauteuil roulant (FR) pour les déplacements de la vie quotidienne. Une des activités, associée à l'utilisation du FR, la plus exigeante est le transfert latéral en position assise, nécessaire pour entrer et sortir du FR. Cette activité, de part sa sollicitation importante des membres supérieurs et les nombreuses répétitions, expose les personnes vivant avec une LMÉ à plusieurs risques de blessures, dont les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) et le risque de chute. Ce travail de doctorat vise à évaluer l'exposition à ces risques, pendant le transfert latéral parallèle, et plus particulièrement, comment l'environnement peut influencer cette exposition. L'évaluation mise en place utilise des outils d'analyse de mouvement (système de capture de mouvement, plateformes de force et électromyographie) pour calculer les positions articulaires, les efforts externes et internes, les activations musculaires et les stratégies de contrôle postural mis en oeuvre pour la réalisation du transfert. Une analyse statistique des résultats est utilisée pour déterminer les différences apportées par l'utilisation et la hauteur d'un accoudoir. Les résultats sont synthétisés et combinés afin d'aboutir à une conclusion intégrative sur l'exposition aux risques de blessures durant les transferts, réalisés par les personnes vivant avec une LMÉ. / People living with spinal cord injury (SCI) depend on a wheelchair for daily life mobility. One of the most strenuous activities associated with wheelchair use is the performance of lateral sitting transfers, needed to get in and out of their wheelchair. Through the high demand on the upper extremities and many repetitions, this activity exposes people living with SCI to injury risks, between which the development of musculoskeletal disorders and traumatic lesions due to falls. This PhD thesis aims to evaluate the exposure to these risks during parallel lateral sitting transfers, and more in particular how the environment might influence this exposure. The evaluation realized uses instruments for human movement analysis (motion capture, force plates and electromyography) to calculate joint angles, external and internal mechanical efforts, muscular activation and postural control strategies used to perform transfers. A statistical analysis of the results determines the modifications induced by the use and the height of an armrest. The results are synthesized and combined to generate an integrative conclusion on the injury exposure risk during transfers realized by people living with SCI.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below