Global ETD Search

41	Design and Synthesis of Amino Acid-based Inhibitors Against Key Enzymes Mutthamsetty, Vinay January 2017 (has links) No description available. Chemistry Biochemistry Organic Chemistry Canavan disease CD Aspartate N-acetyltransferase ANAT N-acetyl-L-aspartate NAA Drug development Inhibitor design Bisubstrate analog Synergy Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase ASADH Covalent inhibitor Docking
42	Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique de matériaux géopolymères. Application : cinétique de minéralisation de géopolymères et du biomatériau CaCO3 synthétique DERRIEN, Anne-Cécile 08 October 2004 (has links) (PDF) Dans le domaine de la chirurgie orthopédique ou maxillo-faciale, les praticiens sont confrontés à des pertes de substance osseuse qui nécessitent l'utilisation de matériaux de comblement (ou de substitution). L'utilisation de biomatériaux synthétiques (dont la disponibilité est très importante) permet de limiter les réponses immunitaires. Dans ce travail nous nous intéressons à deux matériaux : les géopolymères et le carbonate de calcium synthétique sous forme d'aragonite pure. Dans le domaine des biomatériaux de comblement, l'optimisation du compromis entre le pourcentage de porosité et les propriétés mécaniques (voisines de celles de l'os spongieux) favorise l'ostéointégration et la tenue des implants. Cette observation nous a conduit à étudier des aluminosilicates de la famille des géopolymères définis par un rapport molaire Si/ Al = 21. Les aluminosilicates synthétisés ont été associés à des phosphates de calcium : hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate tri-calcique (TCP) et biphasique. Après traitement thermique à 500°C, les géopolymères présentent des valeurs de pH voisines de 7 ainsi qu'un bon compromis porosité/ contrainte à la rupture (en compression). Pour le CaCO3, notre laboratoire de recherches a mis au point la synthèse du carbonate de calcium sous forme d'aragonite pure. Ces matériaux ont fait l'objet d'études in vitro et in vivo afin d'évaluer leur potentiel pour une utilisation comme biomatériaux. Les cinétiques de minéralisation des implants géopolymères et du biomatériau CaCO3 ont été étudiées par PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) et par NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis). Les résultats obtenus pour le CaCO3 par ces deux méthodes montrent un comportement in vivo similaire à celui d'un TCP utilisé comme référence (travail réalisé avec l'aide de l'ANVAR Bretagne). Les premières études in vivo réalisées sur les géopolymères ont montré que ces derniers sont ostéointégrés. Dès le délai de 1 mois, les porosités externes des implants sont colonisées par de l'os néoformé. La cicatrisation en surface des matériaux est totale à 3 mois. Les analyses par PIXE des implants confirment la consolidation de l'interface dès le délai de 1 mois. [PHYS:NUCL] Physics/Nuclear Theory Biomatériaux Géopolymères (GPS) composites GPS- phosphates de calcium synthèse caractérisation structurale porosité contrainte à la rupture plan d'expérience bioactivité cytotoxicité évaluation in vitro évaluation in vivo CaCO3 PIXE NAA
43	Advanced Modeling of Longitudinal Spectroscopy Data Kundu, Madan Gopal January 2014 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a neuroimaging technique. It is widely used to quantify the concentration of important metabolites in a brain tissue. Imbalance in concentration of brain metabolites has been found to be associated with development of neurological impairment. There has been increasing trend of using MR spectroscopy as a diagnosis tool for neurological disorders. We established statistical methodology to analyze data obtained from the MR spectroscopy in the context of the HIV associated neurological disorder. First, we have developed novel methodology to study the association of marker of neurological disorder with MR spectrum from brain and how this association evolves with time. The entire problem fits into the framework of scalar-on-function regression model with individual spectrum being the functional predictor. We have extended one of the existing cross-sectional scalar-on-function regression techniques to longitudinal set-up. Advantage of proposed method includes: 1) ability to model flexible time-varying association between response and functional predictor and (2) ability to incorporate prior information. Second part of research attempts to study the influence of the clinical and demographic factors on the progression of brain metabolites over time. In order to understand the influence of these factors in fully non-parametric way, we proposed LongCART algorithm to construct regression tree with longitudinal data. Such a regression tree helps to identify smaller subpopulations (characterized by baseline factors) with differential longitudinal profile and hence helps us to identify influence of baseline factors. Advantage of LongCART algorithm includes: (1) it maintains of type-I error in determining best split, (2) substantially reduces computation time and (2) applicable even observations are taken at subject-specific time-points. Finally, we carried out an in-depth analysis of longitudinal changes in the brain metabolite concentrations in three brain regions, namely, white matter, gray matter and basal ganglia in chronically infected HIV patients enrolled in HIV Neuroimaging Consortium study. We studied the influence of important baseline factors (clinical and demographic) on these longitudinal profiles of brain metabolites using LongCART algorithm in order to identify subgroup of patients at higher risk of neurological impairment. / Partial research support was provided by the National Institutes of Health grants U01-MH083545, R01-CA126205 and U01-CA086368 Spectroscopy Functional Data Analysis Longitudinal Functional Data Analysis Brownian Bridge Longitudinal CART Longitudinal Regression Tree HIV Brain metabolites HIV neuroimaging consortium LongPEER PEER Decomposition based penalty NAA Creatine Myo-inositol Choline Glutamine and Glutamate White matter Gray matter Basal ganglia LongCART neurological disorder Global deficit score GSVD General Singular Value Decomposition Microbial metabolites -- Research HIV infections -- Complications Myelinated neurofibrils Research -- Methodology Trees (Graph theory) -- Research Biometry -- Research -- Methodology Cerebral cortex Central nervous system -- Abnormalities Spectrum analysis -- Research HIV (Viruses) -- Research -- Analysis Creatine Choline Glutamine
44	Orthogonality and Codon Preference of the Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase-tRNAPyl pair in Escherichia coli for the Genetic Code Expansion Odoi, Keturah 2012 May 1900 (has links) Systematic studies of basal nonsense suppression, orthogonality of tRNAPyl variants, and cross recognition between codons and tRNA anticodons are reported. E. coli displays detectable basal amber and opal suppression but shows a negligible ochre suppression. Although detectable, basal amber suppression is fully inhibited when a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)-tRNAPyl_CUA pair is genetically encoded. trnaPyl_CUA is aminoacylated by an E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase at a low level, however, this misaminoacylation is fully inhibited when both PylRS and its substrate are present. Besides that it is fully orthogonal in E. coli and can be coupled with PylRS to genetically incorporate a NAA at an ochre codon, tRNAPyl_UUA is not able to recognize an UAG codon to induce amber suppression. This observation is in direct conflict with the wobble base pair hypothesis and enables using an evolved M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNAPyl_UUA pair and the wild type or evolved PylRS-tRNAPyl_UUA pair to genetically incorporate two different NAAs at amber and ochre codons. tRNAPyl_UCA is charged by E. coli tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, thus not orthogonal in E. coli. Mutagenic studies of trnaPyl_UCA led to the discovery of its G73U form which shows a higher orthogonality. Mutating trnaPyl_CUA to trnaPyl_UCCU not only leads to the loss of the relative orthogonality of tRNAPyl in E. coli but also abolishes its aminoacylation by PylRS. Pyl, pyrrolysine PylRS, pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase NAA, noncanonical amino acid aaRS, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase T4 PNK, T4 polynucleotide kinase AzF, para-azido-L-phenylalanine PCR, polymerase chain reaction RF, release factor TrpRS, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ArgRS, arginyl-tRNA synthetase Trp, tryptophan Lys, lysine Glu, glutamate Gln, glutamine Phe, phenylalanine Arg, arginine.

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