ABSTRACT Gustafsson, J. & Söderqvist, N., “’The Island of Peace in the Sea of War’ A newspaper study of Växjö city’s newspaper editorials regarding the conflicts of the Second World War in the Nordic countries”, Linnaeus University.   A qualitative textual analysis delving into three local newspapers from Växjö city is in many ways the essence of this study. The main purpose of this study is to examine three key conflicts, the Winter War, Operation Weserübung and the Continuation War. Each conflict has been assessed in relation to the opinions advocated in the editorials of the three politically diverse newspapers. The theoretical basis for this study is founded on similar analysis made by Nybom, Johansson and Åmark who all have contributed to the content of this particular essay. Most of all, Nyboms categorization of the so-called realism and idealism have helped us in understanding the motives and plans of action concerning the nations involved in the selected conflicts. There are several interesting conclusions in this study, in particular the newspapers’ view on main antagonists such as the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, as well as the Allies.

La présente recherche doctorale retrace l’histoire de la politique de « formation idéologique » (weltanchauliche Schulung ou weltanschauliche Erziehung) mise en oeuvre entre 1933 et 1945 par la SS (Schutzstaffel), organisation qui se voulait l’élite du nazisme. Elle s’attache à croiser quatre approches : L’histoire du réseau des institutions chargées de l’elaboration et de l’application de cette politique, au centre duquel se trouvait l’ « office de l’instruction » (Schulungsamt) de la SS, qui supervisait le travail d’un « appareil d’instruction » (Schulungsapparat) de plus d’un milliers d’instructeurs présents a tous les échelons de l’organisation; l’étude des discours idéologiques et des pratiques éducatives élaborés par ces institutions et de leurs tentatives pour vulgariser et transmettre l’ideologie nazie ; les biographies des hommes qui animèrent ces institutions, constituant un groupe particulier au sein de la hiérarchie nazie; et enfin l’analyse de l’impact de ces politiques sur la masse des militants et hommes des unités militaires et policières SS. En analysant la nature de la formation prodiguée par la SS à ses hommes – à la fois tentative de forger par l’education un homme nouveau considérant tous les domaines de l’existence à l’aune du national-socialisme et volonté de constituer un corps homogène de « soldats politiques » au service du regime – et en reconstituant l’evolution de cette formation dans le contexte de la croissance, de l’expansion et des transformations de la SS, cette étude tente d’apporter une contribution à la compréhension des mentalités des hommes qui se sont engagés et ont persécuté, combattu et tué au service du « Troisième Reich ». / The following doctoral research traces the history of the policy of « ideological schooling » (weltanschauliche Schulung or weltanschauliche Erziehung) developed between 1933 and 1945 by the SS (Schutzstafel), the organization that considered itself the elite of Nazism. It combines four complementary methodological approaches: an institutional history of the network of organizations tasked with elaborating and implementing the SS’s schooling program, at the center of which stood the SS-Schulungsamt (educational office), that oversaw the work an « educational apparatus » (schulungsapparat) of more than a thousand instructors present at all levels; an analysis of the ideological discourses and teaching methods elaborated by these institutions in their attempts to relay nazi ideology to the rank and file of the SS; the biographies of the men who operated the « educational apparatus », constituting a specific group of perpetrators in the Nazi hierarchy; and an evaluation of the way the SS’s own brand of education impacted those who served in its civil, military or police units. By assessing the nature of the ideological training the SS provided to its members, fruit of the attempt of forging both a new man seeing all fields of life through the lens of Nazi ideology and an homogenous troop of « political soldiers » at the service of the regime, and tracing the evolution of this educational project within the framework of the SS’s growth and transformations, this study seeks to bring a new perspective to the understanding of the mentalities of the men who committed to the cause of the « Third Reich » and fought and murdered in its name.

The thesis Radio Broadcasting for the German Minority in the Czech Countries until the Year 1945, with the Example of the Melnik Broadcast Transmitter describes the radio broadcasting for the German people living in Bohemia and Moravia in the period from its formation until the year 1945. It concentrates on the radio broadcaster in Melnik that was built in 1938 with the purpose of giving a special broadcasting to the German minority living in the Czech countries. The analytical part is divided into three sections: broadcasting for the Germans in the First and Second Republic and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Another chapter focuses on the broadcasting from The Soviet Union (especially on the broadcaster Sudetendeutscher Freiheitssender) and Great Britain. It focuses on the contrasting access to the radio broadcasting for this group from the side of the Czech political representation and from the side of the German state. In the Czechoslovakia, there was this broadcasting in hands of the private institution Urania. The Sudeten Germans have focused their attention to the German stations, which were offering them more popular program. This study describes the influence of the German propaganda on the Sudeten Germans behaviour and the reaction of the Czechoslovakian Broadcasting Company. It...

The purpose of this study is to find out how editorials in various Swedish newspapers interpreted the ghost flights. The study shows how the phenomenon was interpreted based on defense and security policy. Through text analysis 44 editorial articles from the period 1934-1938 were investigated which showed that the most editorials interpreted ghost flying as military flights. The agenda of swedish liberal and moderate newspapers was to interpret military aviation as a reason for establishing an independent air force and in giving the military greater authority to make security decisions for the country. The Social Democratic agenda in editorials was to downplay loud defense interests. And the communist editorial agenda was more ideologically expressed in countering imperialist and warlike interests. Local Norrland newspapers were more likely to express hopes for greater military efforts for Norrland's sake and the development over time shows that it was the newspaper Norrskensflamman and Aftonbladet, political and ideological antagonists, that were the ones who kept the debate about the ghost flights alive until the outbreak of the Second World War. / <p>Godkänt datum 2020-06-05</p>

The Life and Work of Vlasta Fialová, actress of Brno This master's thesis is to bring closer the life and work of one of the most prominent Czech artists of the 20th century. The actress, who wrote herself into the history of film, television productions and radio, but especially the theater that was everything for her. The work is trying to capture her life and career, she has been able to build for a long, active fifty-year period, only in three Moravian cities: Opava, Olomouc and Brno. The work maintains a line beginning in the period before her birth, focuses on the cultural and historical events of the Brno metropolis, the beginning of her life, the years of childhood and adolescence, which she experienced as a student of a grammar school and a musical drama department of the Brno Conservatory during the Nazi occupation of her hometown. And then emphasis is placed on her individual theatrical engagements, as well as on the films and TV productions in which she performed, and the programs recorded for the radio. It also presents a certain reflection and characteristic of the characters and the acting art of this unique actress, whether it is a stage character or a silver screen. From those she created as a fresh and very talented graduate of the Conservatoire, through very handsome women with...

The topics of the thesis are the life stories of members of the Czechoslovak Sokol Community in the division VII. Hradec Králové, Karel Nesnídal, Josef Urban, Antonín Stiehl, František Weihrauch and Václav Válek after the Nazis involuntary terminated this organization on 8th October 1941. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the origin and structure of the Sokol resistance organization JINDRA, its activities in illegality (code names, passwords, specific encryption system), and to map the fate of these actors after contact with František Pecháček and follow-up connection with the group S21B and the paratrooper group Silver A. The work also deals with uncovering the organization after the arrest of Ladislav Vaněk, head of the JINDRA Group for Bohemia and Moravia, who decided to cooperate with the Gestapo to provide the secret German police the information about other members of the group and its content. The second part of the thesis deals with the arrest and imprisonment of Sokol officials, their conviction to death (Karel Nesnídal and other resistance fighters, leaders and officials of individual divisions) and to the special treatment (Urban, Válek, Weihrauch a Stiehl). The conclusion of the work is divided into the execution of Karel Nesnídal in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin, the death of his...

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The work called Herman Joseph Tyl offers a total lack on the life of this important religious figure, the abbot of one of the oldest Norbertine monastery founded by Czech nobleman blessed Hroznata in Teplá, which experienced the suffering of two totalitarian regimes of the 20th century: Nazis in concentration camps and prisons in Communist labor and uranium camps, as well as various interventions in the persecution of his life in the form of withdrawal of government approval. The work is given to the period of his life, which has so far lacked the processing. This is particularly Tylova childhood, adolescence, studies and life after 1958, when he worked as a warehouseman at Cakovském collective farm and returned to the priesthood, which he re-intervention prevented Communist totalitarian power by removing state approval, to the end of his life again to priesthood returned and was even elected abbot of the monastery Tepla. The work also offers a historical and critical evaluation of the data known from the Tyl autobiography affecting in particular the period from his arrest by the Gestapo in 1942 until his release from prison and their communist completion in the light sources. Processing of the dissertation was based on archival sources collected relating to the person of Herman Joseph Tyl: his...

The thesis deals with fine arts in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It analyzes Czech fine art during the Nazi occupation of World War Two, concentrating on its official component that has not yet been deeply researched. The author surveyed archives, press and literature of the period. The aim was to identify key themes in the public discussion about artistic issues and to trace developments in the legal status of Czech fine art under the occupation. First, a brief portrait of the historical context of 1938 to 1945, accompanied by identifying several pathological phenomena that occupation and the war brought to Czech society. Those that crept into the fine arts are interpreted from a psychoanalytic point of view. Next the author focuses on the official cultural policy of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. He notes the short and long-term objectives of Nazi policies and their impact on the workings of cultural life in Czech society. He speaks about radical conservative critiques of modern art, which accused the avant-garde of mercantilism, of politicizing art, of being foreign, and arbitrary. So-called "degenerate" art (Entartete Kunst) is also briefly mentioned. A term that was used to defame and denounce modern art. For the first time, an unknown list of Czech "degenerate" painters...

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