A survey was done in order to identify the predictors that contribute to satisfaction with qowl. A positive correlation was found between satisfaction with facets of work life and overall satisfaction with qowl. No significant difference was found between overall satisfaction and the mean of the satisfaction with the facets of work life. Organisational climate seemed to have the greatest influence. Significant predictors are identification with the organisation, participation, communication, resource management, work group functioning, reward system, health and safety aspects, job security and the rate of pay. Significant differences were found between rank, occupational, race and age groups. When need non-fulfilment scales are added to facets of work life measures, increase in the prediction of overall satisfaction is significant. The need to do work that supports moral values contributed most significantly to overall satisfaction. The most frequent preference was for financial security, followed by recognition, relationships and for achievement. / Psychology / M.A.

Tbis study has as primary objective the development of an appropriate model to assist ' teachers, in South Africa, to be able to understand and assist learners with behaviour problems. The need for the study has its genesis within the current difficulties teachers experience in dealing with behaviour problems in the classroom and the fact that increasing numbers of children are involved. A key facet of the research is its accent on the unmet emotional needs of learners that function as a behavioural determinant. The study is analytical descriptive in nature and as such is based on two fundamental dimensions:- to acquire a sound theoretical understanding of the concepts, causative 'factors and underlying behaviour problems and the most appropriate means to deal therewith and substantiating the insights acquired by means of interviews with teachers, school principals, and other significant role players. An earnest attempt was made to analyse behaviour problems in terms of the various theoretical frameworks presented within contemporary literature. The ecological systems model was found to be the most appropriate for the development of the . referenced model. This stands in sharp contrast to the traditional medical model which in many instances still forms the basis of current theory and practice. Learners with emotional problems experience behaviour problems which serve as barriers to effective learning. Little attention however, has been attributed to putting appropriate systems in place to assist these learners. A key consideration embodied within the new Education Policy (NCS DOCUMENT 1997:1 0) is the issue of meeting the needs of all learners so that they are able to actualise their potential - this includes their emotional needs. The findings of this study need to be seen within the light of meeting this objective. In order to address the unmet emotional needs of learner, teachers must attend to the cognitive mind maps which embody internalized feelings and cognition. A model for understanding the cognitive maps has been developed as part of this study and serves as introduction to the model developed to assist learners wi~h behaviour problems. The study provides a new perspective directed at understanding instead of managing behaviour problems. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Special Needs Education)

Tbis study has as primary objective the development of an appropriate model to assist ' teachers, in South Africa, to be able to understand and assist learners with behaviour problems. The need for the study has its genesis within the current difficulties teachers experience in dealing with behaviour problems in the classroom and the fact that increasing numbers of children are involved. A key facet of the research is its accent on the unmet emotional needs of learners that function as a behavioural determinant. The study is analytical descriptive in nature and as such is based on two fundamental dimensions:- to acquire a sound theoretical understanding of the concepts, causative 'factors and underlying behaviour problems and the most appropriate means to deal therewith and substantiating the insights acquired by means of interviews with teachers, school principals, and other significant role players. An earnest attempt was made to analyse behaviour problems in terms of the various theoretical frameworks presented within contemporary literature. The ecological systems model was found to be the most appropriate for the development of the . referenced model. This stands in sharp contrast to the traditional medical model which in many instances still forms the basis of current theory and practice. Learners with emotional problems experience behaviour problems which serve as barriers to effective learning. Little attention however, has been attributed to putting appropriate systems in place to assist these learners. A key consideration embodied within the new Education Policy (NCS DOCUMENT 1997:1 0) is the issue of meeting the needs of all learners so that they are able to actualise their potential - this includes their emotional needs. The findings of this study need to be seen within the light of meeting this objective. In order to address the unmet emotional needs of learner, teachers must attend to the cognitive mind maps which embody internalized feelings and cognition. A model for understanding the cognitive maps has been developed as part of this study and serves as introduction to the model developed to assist learners wi~h behaviour problems. The study provides a new perspective directed at understanding instead of managing behaviour problems. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Special Needs Education)

The need for personal guidance was identified amongst senior primary school pupils within a specific environment but no applicable programme was found and a programme needed to be designed. A literature study investigated the development of senior primary children, the field of guidance and five need areas to include in a guidance programme. Guidelines for designing a programme were also identified. An empirical study examined guidance needs of the pupils through a questionnaire administered to them, their parents, teachers, and older pupils_. Senior primary pupils were not able to provide clear information as to their needs. Older pupils and parents did identify certain need areas. Based on this, and on the literature, plans . to draw up a guidance programme to include all five need areas could continue. An introductory programme would also be run for parents and senior primary pupils. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The presence of poverty, unemployment and children been infected or affected by HIV/Aids contributed to a high level of children in need of care and protection (Patel, 2005:165) and forced communities to came up with a ways of addressing this increasing need of alternative care. Cluster foster care schemes were one of the initiatives that were started spontaneously by community members to address need for more alternative care options (Colby-Newton, 2006:18). This form of alternative care was also included with the proclamation of the Children’s Act, 38 of 2005 and the Children’s Amendment Act, Act 41 of 2007 (Matthias, 2010:172-176). Although cluster foster care schemes are acknowledge and practice as a form of alternative care for children in need of care and protection the operationalising thereof remain a grey area. In an unpublished study by Taback and Associates, it was suggested that further research should be conducted regarding elements that need to be included in the operationalising of cluster foster care schemes (Taback and Associates, 2010:4). The above form the motivation for this study and also provide the basis for the formulation of the research question namely: “What are the operational elements necessary for the operationalising of cluster foster care schemes?” Following from the research problem and research question, the goal for this research was to explore and describe the present functioning of cluster foster care schemes in order to identify operational elements to be documented in a guideline for service providers and social workers. The researcher made use of qualitative research approach to explore and describe the participants’ perception on the research problem. This research endeavour firstly falls in the ambit of the phenomenology research design, which aimed to describe the conscious experience of the everyday life of the participants, which were in this study the managers of cluster foster care schemes as well as foster parents that provide foster care as part of a cluster foster care scheme. In addition to this the researcher also opted to include the exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design, which guided the exploration, description and contextualising of the views of the participants on elements needed to operationalise cluster foster care schemes. In order to achieve the above the researcher the researcher decided to make use of an intervention research model by Rothman and Thomas (1994:3-51), namely the “Intervention Develop and Design” framework (IDD framework). In this study the researcher only used phases one to phase four and certain steps of the IDD framework to develop the operational guidelines for the operationalising of cluster foster care schemes. In concluding the report of the study, the researcher provided summaries of and conclusions related to the background rational; research questions; goals and task objective of the study; the research methodology implemented; the empirical findings and literature consulted; and the developed operational guidelines. He concluded the document with recommendation related to the research process and methodology employed; research findings; and recommendation for further research on the research topic. / Social Work / D. Soc.Sc. (Social Work)

Šių dienų situacija yra tokia, kad daug gydytojų, slaugytojų ir kitų medicinos personalo darbuotojų išvažiuoja/emigruoja į užsienio šalis, todėl likusiems gydytojams, slaugytojams smarkiai padidėja darbo krūvis. Norint šį krūvį normalizuoti, reguliuoti ar bent jau palaikyti tokį, kad darbuotojai kokybiškai galėtų teikti savo paslaugas, būtinas aiškus darbo pasidalinimas, žinojimas kas už ką atsakingas ir taikyti tai praktikoje. Kalbant apie socialinį sveikatos aspektą – tai turbūt vienintelė sritis, kuria rūpinasi beveik visi darbuotojai, prieinantys ir komunikuojantys su pacientu. Tačiau užtikrinant socialinį sveikatos aspektą labiausiai kompetentingas yra socialinis darbuotojas. Gydytojai ir slaugytojai neturėtų atlikti jo darbo. Tačiau kartais šie darbuotojai neturi kitos išeities, kadangi jų skyriuje nėra specialisto, kuris tuo rūpintųsi. Yra reikalingas tikslesnis darbo organizavimas, kuris priklauso nuo sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos vadovo, tai pat skyrių vadovai, kurie gali įtakoti darbuotojų skaičių ir jų kvalifikaciją savo skyriuje. Kita vertus, vien darbo organizavimo nepakanka, reikalingas tarpusavio susitarimas ir įprotis dirbti tik savo darbą bei „leidimas“ socialiniam darbuotojui atlikti savo pareigas, užtikrinti socialinį sveikatos aspektą. Tyrimo tikslas Įvertinti medikų vadovų požiūrį į socialinio pacientų sveikatos aspekto užtikrinimą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. nustatyti medikų vadovų vaidmenį užtikrinant pacientų socialinį sveikatos aspektą; 2. apžvelgti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays many doctors, nurses and other medical staff is emigrating to a foreign countries, therefore, the workload for remaining doctors, nurses greatly increased. In order to normalize or adjust the strain, or at least maintain it’s present level, that employees could provide quality services, it requires a clear division of job, knowledge of who does what and applying it in practice. Speaking about social aspect of health – it is probably the only area, which is cared by almost all workers , communicating with patients. However, ensuring the social dimension of health the most competent is a social worker. Doctors and nurses shouldn’t carry out his work. Sometimes these workers have no choice, because their section doesn’t have the right specialist. It is necessary for accurate labor organization, which depends on the health care manager, as well as department heads, which may affect the number of employees and their qualifications at their department. On the other hand, good organization is not enough, it requires mutual agreement and the habit of doing only their own job and “a pass” for social worker, to perform his duties and to ensure the social ascept of health, is needful. Aim of the study is to evaluate the medical head‘s approach to the social aspect of ensuring the health of patients. Objectives: 1. Set the medical managers role in ensuring patients' social aspect of health. 2. View the ways, how social aspect of patients health is ensured. 3. Value... [to full text]

Organizational learning causes organizational change. Different descriptive models have been proposed, but little research on variables influencing these processes has been done. Needs govern our behavior and motivate our acting. It has been shown that their identification and satisfaction effect value-creating and knowledge-intensive activities, such as innovation processes, strategy development, and product design. However, needs are usually implicitly anchored in organizations and people can hardly articulate them. Despite the fact that a focus on needs does not prescribe any concrete strategy, but extends opportunities to act, an initial consideration of needs often lacks. Consequently, their role as an influencing variable for organizational learning has not been investigated yet. Addressing this gap, this dissertation explores the nature of needs and how they can enhance organizational learning processes. It introduces a novel theory on needs for organizational practice which emphasizes the potential of a focus on needs. It argues why considering needs is beneficial for learning initiatives, such as vision or strategy development, in which various expectations which presumably emerge from shared needs have to be combined. Shared needs within a social system can trigger organizational learning and facilitate the design of new consensual satisfaction strategies (satisfiers). The theory allows for understanding the motivational forces of organizational learning and exploiting the postulated one-to-many relation between needs and satisfiers. Moreover, it points at influencing variables for the organizational transition from needs to need satisfaction and illustrates that by a knowledge perspective resulting in the concept of "need-based solution knowledge". This knowledge enables people to propose viable satisfiers in organizations. We introduce the methodological framework "Bewextra" that targets at the capacity to identify needs in organizations. It rests upon theories from various scientific fields and utilizes "learning from an envisioned future" as a core method. This enables to literally envision a desired future scenario in which all needs are intuitively fulfilled, and thereby allows for the creation of knowledge about needs. The research follows the action research paradigm which proposes a combinational interplay between rational and empirical research processes, in which various (qualitative) research methods are used. Besides theoretical considerations, the dissertation reports about four research projects in which the theories and methods were applied, reflected, and refined. More specifically, it presents how "Bewextra" was implemented and adjusted and demonstrates that a combination of conventional learning from the past and "learning from an envisioned future" enhances the outcome of organizational learning in various domains. Moreover, it investigates the differences between organizational strategies, that emerge with reference to needs, and strategies, that are developed without explicitly considering needs.

The 2010 earthquake in Haiti, which killed an estimated 316,000 people, offered many lessons in mass-fatality management (MFM). The dissertation defined MFM in seeking information and in recovery, preservation, identification, and disposition of human remains. Specifically, it examined how mass fatalities were managed in Haiti, how affected individuals sought information about fatalities, and what needs motivated them. Data from 28 in-depth, partially structured interviews, conducted during two field visits ending 21 weeks after the earthquake, were included in a case study. The data analysis revealed the MFM was severely inadequate. One interviewee, a senior UN official, stated, "There was no fatality management." The analysis also indicated a need to learn whereabouts of the deceased motivated individuals to visit spots the deceased were last seen at. It sought to illumine information-seeking practices, as discussed in the works of J. David Johnson and others, by developing a new model of information flow in MFM. In addition, it reaffirmed Donald Case and Thomas Wilson's theoretical proposition – that need guides any seeking of information – in the case of Haiti. Finally, it produced recommendations regarding future directions in MFM for emergency managers and information scientists, including possible use of unidentified body parts in organ transplants. Overall, the dissertation, which was supported by two grants of the National Science Foundation, attempted to add to relatively scanty literature in information seeking in MFM.

Tous mes travaux ont été réalisés à l'aide du logiciel stata 11. / La présente thèse étudie la relation entre le niveau de vie, la fécondité des femmes en union et leurs besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale. Les données qui ont servi aux analyses proviennent des fichiers individuels de deux enquêtes démographiques et de santé (DHS) réalisées en Guinée en 1999 et 2005. Le niveau de vie est mesuré par un indicateur composite créé à partir des caractéristiques du logement et certains biens possédés par le ménage. Nous avons adopté deux stratégies d’analyse : analyses descriptives et multi-variées. Nous avons examiné à cet effet les niveaux et les tendances de ces deux comportements de fécondité dans les grandes villes, petites villes et villes secondaires, en milieu rural et à l’échelle nationale. Des méthodes statistiques appropriées ont été utilisées : (modèle de régression de Poisson et des modèles de régression logistique binaire et multinomiale). Les résultats des analyses descriptives montrent une faible fécondité chez les femmes issues des classes riches par rapport aux femmes pauvres et une diminution de leurs besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale. Ces relations qui se sont révélées très statistiquement significatives en 1995-1999 quelque soient les milieux de résidence, ont disparu presque dans les analyses multi-variées, après avoir contrôlé certaines caractéristiques socio-économiques, démographiques et culturelles. Dans ces analyses multi-variées, l’éducation de la femme et la pratique contraceptive se sont révélées particulièrement déterminantes pour la fécondité. Par ailleurs, l’éducation de la femme, a été également un facteur important pour les besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale. Il en est de même pour son âge, sa parité, sa religion, la discussion du couple sur la planification familiale, l’attitude du conjoint vis-à-vis de la planification familiale et de l’exposition aux messages sur la planification familiale qui restent aussi d’importants facteurs des besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale. Le terme d’interaction groupe d’âge et le nombre d’enfants en vie, s’est avéré, lui aussi fortement significatif indiquant que l’effet de la parité sur les besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale ne prend pas le même sens selon le groupe d’âge auquel appartient la femme. En définitive, nos analyses, nos analyses ont mis en évidence que la relation négative entre le niveau de vie, la fécondité et les besoins non satisfaits se vérifie mais avec des degrés variés selon les milieux de résidence et les périodes d’enquête. Les écarts entre les groupes contigus sont également très faibles. / The goal of this thesis is to study the relationship between the married women standard of living, their fertility and their unmet need for family planning. The data used for the analysis have been taken from two individual demographic survey files (DHS) carried out in Guinea in 1999 and 2005. The standard of living is measured using a composite indicator established from the housing characteristics and some capital goods of the family. We have adopted two strategies of analysis: Descriptive and Multivariate Analysis. Thus, we have studied the levels and tendencies of these two behaviors of fertility in the large cities, small or secondary cities, rural places, and at the national scale. Statistics appropriate methods of regression (Poisson regression method, logistic binary method and multinomial method). The results of descriptive analysis have confirmed a weak fertility in women from rich classes in comparison with poor women and a reduction of their unmet need for family planning. The relationship which proved very statistically significant in 1995-1999 whichever the place of residence was not observed with the multivariate analysis method, after controlling some socioeconomic, demographic and cultural characteristics. In the multivariate analysis, the woman education and her behavior in terms of contraception were particularly important in her fecundity. Moreover, the woman’s education, her age, parity (married status), her religion, the discussion of the couple about the family planning, the husband attitude concerning the family planning constitute some important factors of unmet need for family planning. The term of Interaction age group and number of living children turns out strongly significant, indicating that the parity (man-woman) effect can change according to the age group of the woman.   In fact, our analysis have shown with clearly that the negative relationship between the standard of living, the fertility and the unmet need is confirmed with various degrees according to the place of residence and the survey period. The differences between the closely related groups are too weak.

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure K-12 teacher demoralization. An increasing body of literature has labeled modern education policies as having a demoralizing effect on teachers (Darling-Hammond & Rustique-Forrester, 2002; Noddings, 2004; Ryan & Brown, 2005; Nichols & Berliner, 2007; Santoro, 2011; Hargreaves, Braun, & Gebhardt, 2013). Teacher demoralization has been defined as a teacher’s “inability to access the moral rewards of teaching” (Santoro, 2011, p. 3). Data was collected from a population of K-12 educators through cognitive interviews (n=6) and a large scale data collection analyzed with a principal component analysis (n=430) in an effort to determine which constructs should be included in the measurement of teacher demoralization. Feedback on the survey instrument was incorporated in an iterative process at each stage of data collection. Results revealed that the theory of teacher demoralization should include two factors: teacher dispositions and feelings of demoralization. The current study failed to find strong evidence of convergent validity with teacher burnout and self-determination need thwarting; however, results suggest that emotional exhaustion and autonomy need thwarting are moderately related to teacher demoralization. Evidence of discriminant validity in relation to teacher self-efficacy was found; however, other discriminant validity evidence was inconclusive. This study extends the literature by providing the first attempt to measure the phenomenon of teacher demoralization. Future studies should continue to refine the instrument of teacher demoralization, and can use this instrument as one way to examine the impact of policy on teachers.