The purpose of this study has been to investigate the concepts of children in need of special support, inclusion and how preschool teachers work with an inclusive approach in preschool with children in need of special support. The research questions that have formed the basis of this study have been 1) What does the preschool teacher's definition of the concept of children in need of special support consist of? 2)What does the preschool teachers' definition of the concept of inclusion around children in need of special support consist of?  3) How do the preschool teachers describe what an inclusive way of working looks like in preschool? 4) What previous experience do preschool teachers have of working based on an inclusive approach? The study was conducted with qualitative interviews of six preschool teachers where the collected data material was analyzed with a thematic analysis. The theory that the study leans towards is soft and hard inclusion as well as the compensatory and the critical perspective. The result showed that all preschool teachers had a consensus of definition of inclusion with children in need of special support. It was described as allowing all children to be part of a community. Furthermore, they had a similar view of the definition of children in need of special support. They believed that it was children with and without a diagnosis, children who need extra support to make everyday life work. Preschool teachers describe an inclusive way of working as an adapted approach, an adapted environment, and activities as well as certain individual-adapted methods. They described that inclusion work is based on children being involved and that the activities are based on democratic values ​​where everyone's equal values ​​are considered. All preschool teachers had a lot of experience of an inclusive approach, but they felt that there were some difficulties.

This thesis deals with a topic of specific needs of early traumatised children living in a foster family. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters. The first chapter describes foster care as a part of Czech system of care about children in need. The second chapter deals with the psychological development in early childhood. The third chapter applies itself to early trauma and its causes. The fourth chapter is focused on consequences of early trauma and resulting specific needs of children. The fifth chapter is devoted to the possibilities of working with early traumatised children in a foster family. The following practical part consists of three segments. The first one has a form of research among foster parents. It is focused on specific needs of children and also a need of support, which should be given to foster families. The second section presents the research survey among non-profit organisations that deal with direct support for foster families. It examines their experience with a topic of early trauma. The third section presents a unique project of one Czech organisation, which is focused on the transition of child from institutional care to family environment.

Background: No previous study has focused on the inter-relationship among alcohol and drug use variables in the past year. This study aimed to classify the past year alcohol and drug use variables and investigate the selected variables in past year alcohol and drug use with the unmet need for mental health services among US adults. Methods: Data came from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Oblique principal component cluster analysis (OPCCA) was used to classify 37 variables on alcohol and drug use in the past year into disjoint clusters. Weighted multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of selected variables with the unmet need. Results: 37 alcohol and drug use variables were divided into 7 clusters. The variable with the lowest 1-R2 ratio (R2 is the squared correlation) from each cluster was selected as follows: tobacco use, pain reliever use, tranquilizer use, stimulant use, zolpidem products use, illicit drug and alcohol use, and benzodiazepine tranquilizers misuse. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that pain reliever use (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.17–1.50), tranquilizer use (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.16–2.86), stimulant use (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01–1.47), and illicit drug and alcohol use (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.34–1.77) revealed positive associations with the unmet need for mental health services. Conclusion: This is the first study using OPCCA to reduce the dominations of alcohol and drug use; several alcohol and drug use variables in the past year were associated with unmet need of mental health services.

The overall aim of this licentiate thesis is to increase our knowledge about the division of labor in the work with children in need of special support in preschools as described by the occupational groups of preschool teachers and special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs). This is explored in two separate studies. In the first study, the tasks, perceptions, and roles of SENCOs in preschools are examined. The study is part of a total population study where all SENCOs in Sweden (n = 4252) who were examined by the examination acts of the years 2001, 2007, and 2008 were sent a questionnaire. In a later phase of the procedure, the responses from SENCOs who work in preschools were extracted from the survey. These responses were analysed in Study I involving 523 participants. The results show that SENCOs’ working hours are primarily spent on consultation. SENCOs further report that they are able to influence their colleagues’ views on children's difficulties to a high degree. Most SENCOs in the study believe that the most important reason why children encounter difficulties in preschools is that preschools are poorly adapted to deal with children's differences. The results of this study are theoretically interpreted on the basis of Abbott's (1988) reasoning about jurisdictional control. Persson's (1998) two perspectives on different ways of understanding children's difficulties, namely a categorical and a relational perspective, are also used to interpret the results. Study II analyses how preschool teachers describe which occupational group claims jurisdiction over the work with children in need of special support. The data consist of interviews with 15 preschool teachers. The analysis of the data is based on Abbott's (1988) division of professional work into three aspects: a) formulating a problem, b) reasoning about the problem, and c) treating the problem. The results show that the area where preschool teachers claim jurisdictional control is related to the formulation of the problem. Preschool teachers do not, on the other hand, seem to claim jurisdictional control over the part of professional work that concerns reasoning about the problem. The results show a contradictory image of the treatment of the problem. Preschool teachers sometimes describe themselves as claiming jurisdictional control over treatment and other times describe how SENCOs have jurisdiction over the treatment of the problem. In the licentiate thesis, Abbott's (1988) reasoning about jurisdiction of occupational groups and Persson's (1998) categorical and relational perspectives for understanding children's difficulties are brought together and put in relation to different perspectives on inclusion.

Une des questions cruciales dans le débat écologique actuel est de déterminer si la plasticité phénotypique pourra permettre aux espèces de répondre au rythme rapide des changements environnementaux en cours. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’étudier les effets d’un appauvrissement en acide gras polyinsaturés du type n-3 (AGLPI) sur la plasticité de deux espèces, le bar européen (Dicentrarchus labrax) et le bar rayé (Morone saxatilis). L’effet combiné d’une augmentation de la température et d’une réduction en disponibilité des AGLPI n-3 nutritionnels chez les juvéniles de bar européen a entrainé une modification importante des acides gras neutres musculaires ainsi qu’un taux de croissance et une masse hépatique plus faibles. À température élevée, une croissance accrue a été observée avec les deux régimes, suggérant une absence de carence. En revanche, l’aliment n’a pas eu d’effets sur les facteurs transcriptionnels hépatiques liés à la régulation de la bioconversion des AG. Les juvéniles nourris avec le régime appauvri en AGLPI n-3 présentaient une vitesse critique de nage accrue en présence de contraintes hypoxiques et hypoosmotiques. Chez le bar rayé, le régime alimentaire modifie les profils en AG du muscle (fraction neutre) et du foie. Le régime pauvre en AGLPI n-3 a été associé à une augmentation de la masse cardiaque, sans effet sur la croissance en eau froide. Un niveau de stress plus élevé associé à des mortalités a été observé en eau douce. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de l’impact des changements globaux sur les organismes aquatiques et ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles perspectives de recherche. / One of the major questions in the current ecological debate about global change is whether phenotypic plasticity will enable species to respond to the rapid pace of ongoing environmental change. The general objective of this thesis was to study the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) depletion on the plasticity of two species, the European bar (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the striped bass (Moronesaxatilis). In juvenile European bass, the combined effect of an increase in temperature and of a reduction in availability of n-3 nutritional PUFA resulted in marked modifications of the profile in neutral muscular fatty acids and a smaller liver mass.At high temperature, growth was increased with the two diets which suggests an absence of nutritional deficiency.Conversely, diet did not affect the hepatic transcriptional factors involved in regulation of FA bioconversion. Juveniles fed the low AGLPI n-3 diet had a higher critical swimming speed in presence of hypoxic or hypoosmotic constraints. In striped bass juveniles, AGLPI n-3nutritional availability brought modifications of lipid profile both in muscle (neutral fraction) and in liver. Diet with low AGLPI n-3 was associated with a larger cardiac mass, but had no effect on growth in cold water. A higher stress level was observed in FW which was associated to higher mortality.These results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of global changes on marine organisms and pave the way for new research perspectives.

Background: Loss experiences such as the loss of a spouse, a close relative or significant others become more likely in old age and may be strongly related to specific unmet health care needs. These unmet needs may often remain undetected and undertreated followed by a negative impact on well-being and social role functioning. The present study aims at exploring the relationship between loss experiences and specific unmet care needs in old age. Methods: As part of the study „Need assessment in the oldest old: application, psychometric examination and establishment of the German version of the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE)”, the adapted German version of the CANE was used in a population-representative telephone survey in a sample of 988 individuals aged 75+ years. Loss experiences within the last 12 months were assessed within the structured telephone survey. Descriptive and interferential statistical analyses were run in order to examine the association between loss experiences and occurring unmet care needs. Results: Overall, 29.7% of the oldest old reported at least one social loss with other relatives losses being the most frequent (12.5%), followed by non-family losses (10.7%). A significant relationship between loss experiences and a higher number of unmet care needs was observed, especially for close family losses. Other risk factors for unmet care needs were age, marital status, depression, social support and morbidity. Conclusions: This study provides, for the first time in Germany, data on the association between loss experiences and unmet needs. These findings may substantially contribute to the development of loss-specific interventions, effective treatment and health care planning for the bereaved elderly.

Studien har en kvantitativ ansats där syftet är att ta reda på om samverkan mellan förskola och hem skiljer sig åt beroende på om barn är i behov av särskilt stöd eller inte, samt vilken profession som ansvarar för det. De två frågeställningar som definierar studiens syfte är: Vilken skillnad vid samverkan med vårdnadshavare finns beroende på om barnet är i behov av särskilt stöd eller inte ur personal i förskolans perspektiv? Har utbildningsgraden av personalen i förskolan någon betydelse för hur väl samverkan fungerar? Som metod användes en enkätundersökning som skickades ut till rektorer i förskolan som i sin tur skickade vidare enkäten till sina anställda. Resultatet visar att personalen i förskolan anser att samverkan fungerar mindre bra när barnet är i behov av särskilt stöd, trots att resultatet också visar att personalen lägger ner mer tid på samverkan i de fallen. Resultatet visade också att rektorerna är den profession inom ramen för förskolan som anser att samverkan med vårdnadshavare till barn i behov av särskilt stöd fungerar mindre bra.

No description available.

Die induktiven Denktrainings von K. J. Klauer gehören zu den am umfangreichsten und gleichzeitig erfolgreichsten evaluierten kognitiven Trainings im deutschsprachigen Raum. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte das induktive Denktraining Keiner ist so schlau wie ich (KISSWI) für Vor- und Grundschulkinder. Studie 1 dieser Arbeit prüfte zunächst, ob ein für die Umsetzung in Gruppen adaptiertes KISSWI-Training vergleichbar wirksam ist, wie das originale KISSWI für Einzelsettings. Hierfür wurden 192 Kinder (97 Vorschulkinder und 95 Erstklassenkinder) untersucht. Es fanden sich keine Effekte des KISSWI-Gruppentrainings auf induktives Denken (dEG vs. KG(Klauer)=+0.07), kognitive Fähigkeiten im Allgemeinen (dEG vs. KG(Klauer)=–0.01) oder sozial-emotionale Fähigkeiten (dEG vs. KG(Klauer)=–0.05). In den Studien 2 und 3 wurde geprüft, ob Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem KISSWI-Gruppentraining und Need for Cognition (NFC) sowie dem Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept (FSK) der trainierenden Kinder bestehen. In Studie 2 mit 121 Kindern (60 Vorschulkinder und 61 Erstklassenkinder) wurde bei den trainierenden Kindern insgesamt ein kleiner positiver Zusammenhang (r=+.22) zwischen NFC zu Trainingsbeginn und der anschließenden Steigerung kognitiver Fähigkeiten während des KISSWI-Gruppentrainings gefunden. Außerdem steigerten die Kinder mit KISSWI-Gruppentraining ihr NFC geringfügig stärker, als ohne Training (dEG vs. KG(Klauer)=+0.21). Studie 3 (N=70 Zweitklassenkinder) fand bei allen trainierten Kindern keinen bedeutsamen Zusammenhang zwischen ihrem FSK vor Trainingsbeginn und ihrer anschließenden Steigerung kognitiver Fähigkeiten während des Trainings (r=–.07). Auch wurde kein Einfluss des KISSWI-Gruppentrainings auf die Veränderung des FSK der Kinder festgestellt (dEG vs. KG(Klauer)=+0.07).

No description available.