Spelling suggestions: "subject:"need off care"" "subject:"need oof care""
11 |
Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
|
12 |
Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
|
13 |
Die impak van die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op sekere aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse kinderregLüneburg, Liezel 31 March 2008 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die MIV/vigs-pandemie in Suid-Afiika- van die ergste in die wereld- toon geen tekens van
afname nie. Miljoene kinders is reeds of wees gelaat of hewig geaffekteer deur die magdom
impakte daarvan op gesinne en gemeenskappe. Die epidemie het voortdurend stygende
sterftesyfers tot gevolg en die hewige las van die siekte rus swaar op MIV-positiewe sowel as
MIV-negatiewe individue. Verder word tradisionele ondersteuningsnetwerke oorbelaai en/of
gaan hulle tot niet. Gesinne en gemeenskappe verloor hul ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele
lewensvatbaarheid. Die pandemie hou, veral onder die armes, 'n geweldige bedreiging vir die
gesondheid, welstand en regte van babas, kinders en jongmense in. 'n Groot gedeelte van die
impak van MIV/vigs hou verband met die feit dat sommige kinders en hul gesinne beperkte
toegang tot die elemente van 'n gesonde omgewing en goeie gesondheid het. Regerings,
gemeenskappe en gesinne wat deur MIV/vigs geraak word, het minder tyd, energie en
finansiële hulpbronne beskikbaar om op voorkomende gesondheidsorg te fokus. Benewens die
impak op gesondheidstatus, word kinders se omstandighede ook as gevolg van MIV/vigsverwante
probleme bemoeilik. Dit sluit verhoogde gesinsarmoede, 'n hoer risiko van verlating
en weeslating, geforseerde migrasie, onterwing, sielkundige trauma, uitsluiting en
diskriminasie, en fisiese en seksuele mishandeling in. Die derde vlaag van die epidemie, welke
vlaag nou betree word, word gekenmerk deur 'n ontsettende hoe sterftesyfer, 'n ontploffing in
die getal sorgbehoewende en weeskinders en 'n verhoging in menslike pyn en lyding. Die reg
speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die beperking van hierdie impak van die MIV/vigs-pandemie op
die lewens van alle kinders. MIV/vigs-reg is in die proses van evolusie of vorming en reeds
bestaande teorieë kan aangewend word ten einde sekere vrae te beantwoord en probleme
daaromtrent aan te spreek. Tog is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan MIV/vigs-spesifieke
wetgewing en teorieë ten einde die impak van die pandemie op alle vlakke suksesvol te
beheer. Verder het die Kinderreg so 'n mate van ontwikkeling bereik dat daar algemeen
aanvaar word dat kinders 'n spesiale belangegroep binne die gemeenskap vorm. Die regsreëls
met betrekking tot kinders verander gedurig en is ook nie geskik om volgens die tradisionele
wyse, as privaat- of publiekreg, geklassifiseer te word nie. In die hieropvolgende proefskrif
word die impak van MIV/vigs op sekere publiekregtelike, maar oorwegend privaatregtelike
aspekte van die Suid-Afiikaanse kinderreg ondersoek, sowel as enkele metodes waarop die
reg moontlik hierdie impak kan absorbeer en hanteer. Daar word ook in aparte hoofstukke na
die impak van MIV/vigs op die lewens van kinders. sorgbehoewende kinders, egskeiding en
die ouer-kind-verhouding verwys
The HIV/aids pandemic in South Africa - one of the worst in the world - does not seem to be decreasing. Millions of children have already been either orphaned or heavily affected by the numerous impacts on families and communities associated with it. The epidemic brings on an ever-increasing mortality rate and the extreme burden thereof weighs down heavily on HIV-positive as well as HIV-negative individuals. Traditional support networks are further being heavily burdened or perish entirely. Families and communities lose their economical, social and cultural viability. The pandemic threatens, especially among the poorest, the health, wellbeing and rights of infants, children and young people. The impact of HIV/aids is to a great extent the result of the fact that some children and their families do not have sufficient access to a healthy environment and good health. Governments, communities and families affected by HIV/aids have less time, energy and financial resources available in order to enable them to focus on preventive healthcare. In addition to the impact on health status, children's circumstances are also being encumbered by HIV/aids-related problems, including family poverty, a higher risk of being abandoned or orphaned, forced migration, disinheritance, psychological trauma, ostracism and discrimination and physical and sexual abuse. The third wave of the epidemic, which wave is presently being experienced, is characterised by a high mortality rate, an increasing amount of children in need of care and orphaned children and an increase in human pain and suffering. The law plays an important role in the limitation of the impact of the HIV/aids pandemic on the lives of children. HIV/aids law is in the process of evolution or forming and existing theories can be used in order to answer certain questions and address certain issues relating to it. However, there is an urgent need for HIV/aids-specific legislation and theories in order to successfully manage the impact of the pandemic on all levels. Child law has also reached such an extent of development that children is now viewed as a special interest group within the community. The legal principles regarding children change constantly and cannot be classified in the traditional way, which is either as private or public law. In this thesis the impact of HIV/aids on certain aspects of the public and private law pertaining to children is examined. Ways in which the impact can be absorbed and managed by the law is also examined. The impact of HIV/aids on divorce, the parent-child relationship, children in need of care, and the impact of HIV/aids on the lives of children is examined in separate chapters. / Jurisprudence / LL. D.
|
14 |
Die impak van die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op sekere aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse kinderregLüneburg, Liezel 31 March 2008 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die MIV/vigs-pandemie in Suid-Afiika- van die ergste in die wereld- toon geen tekens van
afname nie. Miljoene kinders is reeds of wees gelaat of hewig geaffekteer deur die magdom
impakte daarvan op gesinne en gemeenskappe. Die epidemie het voortdurend stygende
sterftesyfers tot gevolg en die hewige las van die siekte rus swaar op MIV-positiewe sowel as
MIV-negatiewe individue. Verder word tradisionele ondersteuningsnetwerke oorbelaai en/of
gaan hulle tot niet. Gesinne en gemeenskappe verloor hul ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele
lewensvatbaarheid. Die pandemie hou, veral onder die armes, 'n geweldige bedreiging vir die
gesondheid, welstand en regte van babas, kinders en jongmense in. 'n Groot gedeelte van die
impak van MIV/vigs hou verband met die feit dat sommige kinders en hul gesinne beperkte
toegang tot die elemente van 'n gesonde omgewing en goeie gesondheid het. Regerings,
gemeenskappe en gesinne wat deur MIV/vigs geraak word, het minder tyd, energie en
finansiële hulpbronne beskikbaar om op voorkomende gesondheidsorg te fokus. Benewens die
impak op gesondheidstatus, word kinders se omstandighede ook as gevolg van MIV/vigsverwante
probleme bemoeilik. Dit sluit verhoogde gesinsarmoede, 'n hoer risiko van verlating
en weeslating, geforseerde migrasie, onterwing, sielkundige trauma, uitsluiting en
diskriminasie, en fisiese en seksuele mishandeling in. Die derde vlaag van die epidemie, welke
vlaag nou betree word, word gekenmerk deur 'n ontsettende hoe sterftesyfer, 'n ontploffing in
die getal sorgbehoewende en weeskinders en 'n verhoging in menslike pyn en lyding. Die reg
speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die beperking van hierdie impak van die MIV/vigs-pandemie op
die lewens van alle kinders. MIV/vigs-reg is in die proses van evolusie of vorming en reeds
bestaande teorieë kan aangewend word ten einde sekere vrae te beantwoord en probleme
daaromtrent aan te spreek. Tog is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan MIV/vigs-spesifieke
wetgewing en teorieë ten einde die impak van die pandemie op alle vlakke suksesvol te
beheer. Verder het die Kinderreg so 'n mate van ontwikkeling bereik dat daar algemeen
aanvaar word dat kinders 'n spesiale belangegroep binne die gemeenskap vorm. Die regsreëls
met betrekking tot kinders verander gedurig en is ook nie geskik om volgens die tradisionele
wyse, as privaat- of publiekreg, geklassifiseer te word nie. In die hieropvolgende proefskrif
word die impak van MIV/vigs op sekere publiekregtelike, maar oorwegend privaatregtelike
aspekte van die Suid-Afiikaanse kinderreg ondersoek, sowel as enkele metodes waarop die
reg moontlik hierdie impak kan absorbeer en hanteer. Daar word ook in aparte hoofstukke na
die impak van MIV/vigs op die lewens van kinders. sorgbehoewende kinders, egskeiding en
die ouer-kind-verhouding verwys
The HIV/aids pandemic in South Africa - one of the worst in the world - does not seem to be decreasing. Millions of children have already been either orphaned or heavily affected by the numerous impacts on families and communities associated with it. The epidemic brings on an ever-increasing mortality rate and the extreme burden thereof weighs down heavily on HIV-positive as well as HIV-negative individuals. Traditional support networks are further being heavily burdened or perish entirely. Families and communities lose their economical, social and cultural viability. The pandemic threatens, especially among the poorest, the health, wellbeing and rights of infants, children and young people. The impact of HIV/aids is to a great extent the result of the fact that some children and their families do not have sufficient access to a healthy environment and good health. Governments, communities and families affected by HIV/aids have less time, energy and financial resources available in order to enable them to focus on preventive healthcare. In addition to the impact on health status, children's circumstances are also being encumbered by HIV/aids-related problems, including family poverty, a higher risk of being abandoned or orphaned, forced migration, disinheritance, psychological trauma, ostracism and discrimination and physical and sexual abuse. The third wave of the epidemic, which wave is presently being experienced, is characterised by a high mortality rate, an increasing amount of children in need of care and orphaned children and an increase in human pain and suffering. The law plays an important role in the limitation of the impact of the HIV/aids pandemic on the lives of children. HIV/aids law is in the process of evolution or forming and existing theories can be used in order to answer certain questions and address certain issues relating to it. However, there is an urgent need for HIV/aids-specific legislation and theories in order to successfully manage the impact of the pandemic on all levels. Child law has also reached such an extent of development that children is now viewed as a special interest group within the community. The legal principles regarding children change constantly and cannot be classified in the traditional way, which is either as private or public law. In this thesis the impact of HIV/aids on certain aspects of the public and private law pertaining to children is examined. Ways in which the impact can be absorbed and managed by the law is also examined. The impact of HIV/aids on divorce, the parent-child relationship, children in need of care, and the impact of HIV/aids on the lives of children is examined in separate chapters. / Jurisprudence / LL. D.
|
15 |
Health for community dwelling older people : trends, inequalities, needs and care in rural VietnamVan Hoi, Le January 2011 (has links)
Background InVietnam, the proportion of people aged 60 and above has increased rapidly in recent decades. The majority live in rural areas where socioeconomic status is more disadvantaged than in urban areas.Vietnam’s economic status is improving but disparities in income and living conditions are widening between groups and regions. A consistent and emerging danger of communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable diseases exist concurrently. The emigration of young people and the impact of other socioeconomic changes leave more elderly on their own and with less family support. Introduction of user fees and development of a private sector improve the coverage and quality of health care but increase household health expenditures and inequalities in health care. Life expectancy at birth has increased, but not much is known about changes during old age. There is a lack of evidence, particularly in rural settings, about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people within the context of socioeconomic changes and health-sector reform. Knowledge of long-term elderly care needs in the community and the relevant models are still limited. To provide evidence for developing new policies and models of care, this thesis aimed to assess general health status, health care needs, and perspectives on future health care options for community-dwelling older people. Methods An abridged life table was used to estimate cohort life expectancies at old age from longitudinal data collected by FilaBavi DSS during 1999-2006. This covered 7,668 people aged 60 and above with 43,272 person-years. A 2007 cross-sectional survey was conducted among people aged 60 and over living in 2,240 households that were randomly selected from the FilaBavi DSS. Interviews used a structured questionnaire to assess HRQoL, daily care needs, and willingness to use and to pay for models of care. Participant and household socioeconomic characteristics were extracted from the 2007 DSS re-census. Differences in life expectancy are examined by socioeconomic factors. The EQ-5D index is calculated based on the time trade-off tariff. Distributions of study subjects by study variables are described with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate analyses are performed to identify socioeconomic determinants of HRQoL, need of support, ADL index, and willingness to use and pay for models of care. In addition, four focus group discussions with the elderly, their household members, and community association representatives were conducted to explore perspectives on the use of services by applying content analysis. Results Life expectancy at age 60 increased by approximately one year from 1999-2002 to 2003-2006, but tended to decrease in the most vulnerable groups. There is a wide gap in life expectancy by poverty status and living arrangement. The sex gap in life expectancy is consistent across all socioeconomic groups and is wider among the more disadvantaged populations. The EQ-5D index at old age is 0.876. Younger age groups, position as household head, working, literacy, and belonging to better wealth quintiles are determinants of higher HRQoL. Ageing has a primary influence on HRQoL that is mainly due to reduction in physical (rather than mental) functions. Being a household head and working at old age are advantageous for attaining better HRQoL in physical rather than psychological terms. Economic conditions affect HRQoL through sensory rather than physical functions. Long-term living conditions are more likely to affect HRQoL than short-term economic conditions. Dependence in instrumental or intellectual activities of daily living (ADLs) is more common than in basic ADLs. People who need complete help are fewer than those who need some help in almost all ADLs. Over two-fifths of people who needed help received enough support in all ADL dimensions. Children and grand-children are confirmed to be the main caregivers. Presence of chronic illness, age groups, sex, educational level, marital status, household membership, working status, household size, living arrangement, residential area, household wealth, and poverty status are determinants of the need for care. Use of mobile teams is the most requested service; the fewest respondents intend to use a nursing centre. Households expect to use services for their elderly to a greater extent than did the elderly themselves. Willingness to use services decreases when potential fees increase. The proportion of respondents who require free services is 2 to 3 times higher than those willing to pay full cost. Households are willing to pay more for day care and nursing centres than are the elderly. The elderly are more willing to pay for mobile teams than are their households. ADL index, age group, sex, literacy, marital status, living arrangement, head of household status, living area, working status, poverty and household wealth are factors related to willingness to use services. Conclusions There is a trend of increasing life expectancy at older ages in ruralVietnam. Inequalities in life expectancy exist between socioeconomic groups. HRQoL at old age is at a high level, but varies substantially according to socioeconomic factors. An unmet need of daily care for older people remains. Family is the main source of support for care. Need for care is in more demand among disadvantaged groups. Development of a social network for community-based long-term elderly care is needed. The network should focus on instrumental and intellectual ADLs rather than basic ADLs. Home-based care is more essential than institutionalized care. Community-based elderly care will be used and partly paid for if it is provided by the government or associations. The determinants of elderly health and care needs should be addressed by appropriate social and health policies with greater targeting of the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. Building capacity for health professionals and informal caregivers, as well as support for the most vulnerable elderly groups, is essential for providing and assessing the services. / Aging and Living Conditions Program / Vietnam-Sweden Collaborative Program in Health, SIDA/Sarec
|
Page generated in 0.0894 seconds