Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett stort problem i samhället och ökar även inom idrotten. Fler och fler fotbollsspelare på elitnivå har öppnat upp sig kring sitt psykiska välbefinnande och sin psykiska ohälsa. Det leder till frågor om hur det ser ut inom ungdomsfotbollen? Enligt forskning ökar den även där. Stämmer det? Hur ser det psykiska välbefinnandet ut inom ungdomsfotbollen över lag? Med erfarenheter från en aktiv fotbollskarriär finns ett intresse för mer kunskap kring psykiskt välbefinnande inom ungdomsfotbollen och indikationer på psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien är att undersöka det psykiska välbefinnandet och i hur stor grad det finns indikationer på att psykisk ohälsa kan förekomma bland ungdomsfotbollsspelare mellan 13 - 17 år från ett flertal regioner i södra Sverige. Delsyftet är att med hjälp av Basic psychological needs theory, undersöka sambandet mellan upplevd tillfredställelse av de psykologiska behov och upplevt psykiskt välbefinnande bland ungdomsfotbollsspelarna. Metod: Uppsatsen har haft en kvantitativ utgångspunkt som tagit del av insamlad data från ett pågående forskningsprojekt. Projektet använde sig av en tvärsnittsdesign i form av enkäter för datainsamling och en sekundäranalys genomfördes på all data.  I studien deltog 353 fotbollsspelande ungdomar mellan 13–17 år. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att det psykiska välbefinnandet bland ungdomsfotbollsspelare är bra, där stora delar av deltagarna upplevde ett bra psykiskt välbefinnande och endast en mindre del upplevde ett sämre psykiskt välbefinnande vilket tyder på att en liten grad av fotbollsspelarna kan ha indikationer på psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet visade även på ett positivt samband mellan tillfredställande av psykologiska behov och psykiskt välbefinnande. Diskussion: Studiens resultat stämmer överens med tidigare forskning och Basic Psychological Needs Theory. Det psykiska välbefinnandet inom ungdomsfotbollen är i hög grad bra. Dock behövs fler studier inom området för psykisk ohälsa för att bidra till en djupare förståelse för begreppet och vad som kan räknas som psykisk ohälsa. En kvalitativ undersökning skulle kunna bidra till detta genom insamlandet av mer personliga tolkningar av ämnet. / Background: Mental illness is a major problem in society and is also increasing in sports. More and more professional football players have started talking about their mental well-being and mental illness. This generates questions, whether the situation is the same within youth football? According to research, it is also increasing in that area. Is that true? How does mental well-being manifest itself in youth football in general? With experience from an active football career, there is an interest in more knowledge about mental well-being in youth football and indications of mental illness. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to investigate mental well-being and to what extent there are indications that mental illness can occur among youth football players between 13 - 17 years from several regions in southern Sweden. The sub-purpose is, with the help of basic psychological needs theory, investigate the connection between perceived satisfaction of basic psychological needs and perceived mental well-being among youth football players. Method: The study has had a quantitative starting point and has taken part in collected data from an ongoing research project. The project used a cross-sectional design in the form of questionnaires for data collection and a secondary analysis was performed on all data. The study involved 353 young football players between the ages of 13 and 17. Results: The results of the study showed that the mental well-being among youth football players is overall good, where large parts of the participants experienced good mental well-being and only a small part experienced poorer mental well-being, which indicates that a small degree of football players may have indications of mental illness. The results also showed a positive relationship between psychological needs satisfaction and mental well-being. Discussion: The results of the study are consistent with previous research and with Basic Psychological Needs Theory. The mental well-being in youth football is generally good. More studies are needed within the field of mental illness to contribute to a deeper understanding of the concept. Qualitative research could help contribute to this by collecting more personal interpretations of the subject.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka a) om behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare b) om behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare. Studien har en kvantitativ longitudinell design och insamling av data skedde via digitala enkäter. Antalet deltagare som deltog vid båda mättillfällena inkluderades i studien, vilket var 71 idrottare. Samtliga deltagare utövade lagidrott och studerade på Nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar. Baserat på tidigare forskning och Self-Determination Theory ställdes två hypoteser 1) behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet och 2) behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet. Hypoteserna bekräftades med hjälp av två genomförda medieringsanalyser. Resultatet stödjer tidigare forskning och teori, samt belyser vikten av ett autonomistödjande ledarskap för att genom behovstillfredsställelse kunna bidra till lägre nivåer av idrottslig utbrändhet. / The aim of the study was to investigate a) if basic need satisfaction mediates the relationship between autonomy-supportive leadership and athlete burnout in young elite team athletes, and b) if basic need thwarting mediates the relationship between controlling leadership and athlete burnout in young elite team athletes. The study used a quantitative longitudinal design and data collection took place via digital surveys. The number of participants who took part in both measurement occasions was included in the study, which was 71 athletes. All participants played team sports and studied at Nationally approved sport education. Based on previous research and Self-Determination Theory, two hypotheses were formulated 1) need satisfaction mediates the relationship between an autonomy-supportive leadership and athlete burnout and 2) need thwarting mediates the relationship between a controlling leadership and athlete burnout. The hypotheses were confirmed with the help of two conducted mediation analysis. The result supports previous research and theory and highlights the importance of an autonomy-supportive leadership in order to contribute to lower levels of athlete burnout through need satisfaction.

The happiness of managers is an important research theme for several reasons. Managers spend most of their working day with people, are constantly interacting with various social systems and are role models for happiness in organisations. Furthermore, happiness (in terms of feeling and functioning well) is associated with mental health and positive organisational outcomes. The prevalence of positive mental health is relatively low, with less than a third of the population experiencing high mental health. Research about happiness is necessary given that gains in mental health predict declines in mental illness. Two conceptualisations of happiness, namely authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002), and flourishing (Keyes, 2005) include dimensions of feeling and functioning well. No studies have been conducted regarding the happiness of managers in South Africa. Therefore, research is necessary to investigate the factors associated with happiness, as well as the pathways to managers’ happiness. Psychological need satisfaction is an important pathway through which social-contextual variables impact happiness of people. The aim of this research was to investigate the state of, antecedents and outcomes of happiness of managers in the agricultural sector in South Africa. A cross-sectional design with managers in the South African agricultural sector (N = 507) was used. The Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale, Organisational Commitment Scale, Antecedents Scale, Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Mental Health Continuum Short Form, Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-being, Work-role Fit Scale, Work-Life Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale were utilised. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics and mediational analysis (Omnibus procedure) were applied. Structural equation modelling was used to test a structural model of orientations to happiness and its relation to various organisational outcomes. The results of study 1 showed that orientations to happiness (i.e. pleasure, meaning and engagement) had strong direct effects on subjective well-being, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. Orientations to happiness impacted job satisfaction indirectly through subjective well-being. Subjective well-being had a strong direct and positive effect on job satisfaction. Orientations to happiness and subjective well-being affected organisational commitment indirectly through their effects on job satisfaction. Concerning happiness as flourishing at work, the results of study 2 showed that 3% of the managers were languishing, 48.5% were moderately flourishing, while 48.5% were flourishing. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, availability of resources impacted job satisfaction, emotional and psychological well-being of managers. Remuneration was associated with job satisfaction, emotional and social well-being. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, personal resources and remuneration satisfied the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which impacted job satisfaction, work engagement and flourishing of managers positively. The results of study 3 showed that factors contributing to meaningful work (work role fit, good co-worker relations, meaningful tasks and work beliefs) had direct effects on psychological need satisfaction, purpose and meaning in life, organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention. Work role fit, co-worker relations, task characteristics and career orientation (as a work belief) impacted meaning and purpose in life indirectly through competence satisfaction. Purpose in life impacted turnover intention negatively via psychological need satisfaction, while meaning in life impacted organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention via competence and relatedness satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / PhD, Industrial Psychology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

This descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study explored the relationships among the variables self-care action, self-care knowledge, and affiliated individuation and quality of life for persons on chronic warfarin therapy. This study also explored the moderating effects of self-care knowledge and affiliated individuation on quality of life. This research was guided by a theoretical framework based on modeling and role-modeling theory (Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 1983). The sample consisted of 83 adults between the ages of 30 to 91 years. The majority of participants were Caucasian, educated, retired and almost evenly distributed between male and female. Each subject completed the following instruments: the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) test, the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS), the Basic Needs Satisfaction Inventory (BNSI), and the generic quality of life survey (SF36v2). Data was analyzed using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results indicated significant correlations among most of the study variables. Self-care action significantly explained variances in all but two quality of life variables. Self-care knowledge and affiliated individuation had statistically significant moderating effects on the DASS negative impact and hassles/burdens subscales. Self-care knowledge also demonstrated a significant moderating effect on the SF36v2 physical function subscale. These findings support the concepts proposed by the study's theoretical framework. This research serves as validation of Acton's (1997) study findings for the concept of affiliated individuation and its value as a self-care resource in a specific clinical population. / text

The happiness of managers is an important research theme for several reasons. Managers spend most of their working day with people, are constantly interacting with various social systems and are role models for happiness in organisations. Furthermore, happiness (in terms of feeling and functioning well) is associated with mental health and positive organisational outcomes. The prevalence of positive mental health is relatively low, with less than a third of the population experiencing high mental health. Research about happiness is necessary given that gains in mental health predict declines in mental illness. Two conceptualisations of happiness, namely authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002), and flourishing (Keyes, 2005) include dimensions of feeling and functioning well. No studies have been conducted regarding the happiness of managers in South Africa. Therefore, research is necessary to investigate the factors associated with happiness, as well as the pathways to managers’ happiness. Psychological need satisfaction is an important pathway through which social-contextual variables impact happiness of people. The aim of this research was to investigate the state of, antecedents and outcomes of happiness of managers in the agricultural sector in South Africa. A cross-sectional design with managers in the South African agricultural sector (N = 507) was used. The Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale, Organisational Commitment Scale, Antecedents Scale, Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, Work Engagement Scale, Mental Health Continuum Short Form, Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-being, Work-role Fit Scale, Work-Life Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale were utilised. Cronbach alpha coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics and mediational analysis (Omnibus procedure) were applied. Structural equation modelling was used to test a structural model of orientations to happiness and its relation to various organisational outcomes. The results of study 1 showed that orientations to happiness (i.e. pleasure, meaning and engagement) had strong direct effects on subjective well-being, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. Orientations to happiness impacted job satisfaction indirectly through subjective well-being. Subjective well-being had a strong direct and positive effect on job satisfaction. Orientations to happiness and subjective well-being affected organisational commitment indirectly through their effects on job satisfaction. Concerning happiness as flourishing at work, the results of study 2 showed that 3% of the managers were languishing, 48.5% were moderately flourishing, while 48.5% were flourishing. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, availability of resources impacted job satisfaction, emotional and psychological well-being of managers. Remuneration was associated with job satisfaction, emotional and social well-being. Task characteristics, supervisor relations, personal resources and remuneration satisfied the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which impacted job satisfaction, work engagement and flourishing of managers positively. The results of study 3 showed that factors contributing to meaningful work (work role fit, good co-worker relations, meaningful tasks and work beliefs) had direct effects on psychological need satisfaction, purpose and meaning in life, organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention. Work role fit, co-worker relations, task characteristics and career orientation (as a work belief) impacted meaning and purpose in life indirectly through competence satisfaction. Purpose in life impacted turnover intention negatively via psychological need satisfaction, while meaning in life impacted organisational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention via competence and relatedness satisfaction. Recommendations for future research were made. / PhD, Industrial Psychology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

Literature on the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has paid much attention to stressors, stress and symptoms, coping, and support of Emergency Medical Workers (EMWs). However, it has paid little attention to the needs of EMWs, and the satisfaction thereof, which should result in their improved well-being and motivation. In an attempt to rectify this imbalance, this study investigated the needs of EMWs as suggested by descriptions of their experiences within the EMS. Interviews were conducted with EMWs employed by a private EMS company. The interviews were analysed for emerging needs by means of interpretive analysis. These needs comprised the Need for Freedom, the Need for Competence, the Need for Recognition, the Need for a Challenge, and the Need to be Understood. The findings were linked with theory and it is proposed that the relevant EMS company incorporates participative management into its management approach. In addition suggestions are made for future research. / Psychology / M. A.(Psychology)

Literature on the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has paid much attention to stressors, stress and symptoms, coping, and support of Emergency Medical Workers (EMWs). However, it has paid little attention to the needs of EMWs, and the satisfaction thereof, which should result in their improved well-being and motivation. In an attempt to rectify this imbalance, this study investigated the needs of EMWs as suggested by descriptions of their experiences within the EMS. Interviews were conducted with EMWs employed by a private EMS company. The interviews were analysed for emerging needs by means of interpretive analysis. These needs comprised the Need for Freedom, the Need for Competence, the Need for Recognition, the Need for a Challenge, and the Need to be Understood. The findings were linked with theory and it is proposed that the relevant EMS company incorporates participative management into its management approach. In addition suggestions are made for future research. / Psychology / M. A.(Psychology)