Esta dissertação promove uma leitura da obra Nadie nada nunca (1980), do escritor argentino Juan José Saer, em função das hipóteses sobre a morte do romance e a impossibilidade de narrar. Tomando o paradoxo como elemento fundamental de qualquer romance contemporâneo, identifica o paradoxo específico dessa obra na alternância entre impossibilidade de movimento e revolução contínua da matéria. Cada um desses preceitos assumidos pelo livro resulta em uma poética própria poética da imobilidade e poética da mobilidade ambas aliando-se para converter a obra em uma seqüência de enigmas e interrogações, prenhe de auto-referências e ambigüidades. Um universo próprio que se basta em sua infinidade complexa e obscura, e que desse modo ganha status de objeto autônomo do mundo, propondo uma possível resposta ao impasse em que se encontram a narrativa e a representação / This dissertation suggests an interpretation of the novel Nadie nada nunca (1980), written by the Argentine Juan José Saer, according to the multiple hypotheses about the death of the novel and the impossibility of narrative. Taking paradox as an essential element of any contemporary novel, the dissertation identifies the specific paradox of this work in the alternation between the impossibility of movement and the continuous revolution of matter. Each of these precepts assumed by the book results in a poetics a poetics of immobility and a poetics of mobility both of which combine in order to convert the novel into a sequence of enigmas and inquisitions, filled with selfreferences and ambiguities. A universe of its own that is self-sufficient in its complex and obscure infinity, and therefore achieves a status of an autonomous object of the world, offering a possible answer to the impasse confronted by narrative and representation

Durante os anos de 1964 a 1985, o regime militar brasileiro combateu os militantes contrários ao governo instaurado. O movimento estudantil teve grande representação nas lutas políticas e sociais, nesse contexto, tornou-se importante nos quadros da oposição. O governo fez uso de diversos aparatos para conter a ação dos estudantes, tais como a instauração de processos judiciais contra manifestações estudantis consideradas subversivas. Este estudo pretende apresentar o perfil dos estudantes processados pelo regime militar, assim como o desempenho da acusação e da defesa nos julgamentos, com base em processos arquivados pelo Projeto Brasil Nunca Mais (BNM), que tratam da ação estudantil. O acervo do Projeto é composto pela duplicação e análise dos processos procedentes do Superior Tribunal Militar (STM), pertinentes aos anos de 1964 a 1979. A análise revelou que, aos olhos do Ministério Público, o estudante processado era subversivo e aliado a grupos de esquerda que pretendiam a derrubada do governo, ao passo que, para a defesa, era vítima da própria ingenuidade. Conforme o desempenho do procurador e do advogado, o juiz auditor determinava que o estudante era ou subversivo, ou um cidadão que poderia voltar a viver integrado de maneira construtiva na sociedade. / From 1964 until 1985, when Brazil remained under military control, political prisoners were detained by government to be sued and convicted. The student movement, during the military regime had great representation in the political struggles and became an important opposition against the military regime that took power in April 1964. This research intends to present the profile of the students sued for the military regime and how was the performance of the accusation and the defense in the judgments. This research is based mainly on the military court proceedings of actual trials, which were secretly photocopied by lawyers associated with the Catholic Church and analyzed by a team of researchers, the daring Project known as \"Brazil: Never Again\" (BNM). The project turned out public duplicate archives containing complete record of Brazils military courts. This was achieved by bringing together the most of official legal proceedings of practically the political cases tried in Brazilian military courts between April 1964 and March 1979, specifically those that reached the Supreme Military Court. The analysis of legal proceedings demonstrated that, according to the Public Military Ministrys point of view, the sued student was subversive and allied the leftist organizations to the resistance to that regime. On the other hand, the lawyer for the defense saw the student was a victim of its proper weakness. Depending on the performance of the accusation and the defense, the student could be judged either subversive or a citizen capable to live integrated in useful way in the society.

Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire du non-fumeur est considéré comme une entité à part du fait de ses particularités épidémiologiques. Il est en outre un excellent modèle pour l'étude des facteurs de risque de cancer bronchique autres que le tabagisme actif. Il n'existe que très peu de données non-asiatiques concernant cette entité d'intérêt. Le bio-observatoire national des cancers bronchiques de non-fumeurs (BioCAST I IFCT-1002) est une étude épidémiologique multicentrique prospective. Son objectif principal est de décrire une population de patient strictement non-fumeur (moins de 100 cigarettes au cours de la vie) atteint de cancer bronchique, notamment sur le plan de leur profil moléculaire somatique et de leur exposition aux facteurs de risque. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d'étudier si l'exposition aux différents facteurs de risque pouvait influencer le profil moléculaire ; et d'utiliser cette cohorte particulière (grande fréquence et diversité de mutations somatiques attendue) afin de développer un test multiplex pour le diagnostic non-invasif du profil moléculaire somatique tumoral à partir d'ADN circulant. Au total, 384 patients non-fumeurs atteints de cancer broncho-pulmonaire ont été inclus dans cette cohorte. Deux-tiers d'entre eux étaient exposés au tabagisme passif, et il s'agissait essentiellement d'une exposition domestique touchant les femmes. Inversement, 35% des hommes étaient exposés de manière certaine à au moins un cancérogène professionnel, contre 8% des femmes. Au total, 72% des patients présentait une anomalie moléculaire, essentiellement au niveau de l'EGFR (51% de l'ensemble de la cohorte). Le genre, ou l'exposition à différents facteurs de risque (tabagisme passif, exposition professionnelle, exposition hormonale chez les femmes) n'affectait pas de manière significative et cliniquement pertinente le profil mutationnel, avec les limites liée à de faibles effectifs dans certains groupes et aux expositions multiples. Seule l'exposition professionnelle à l'amiante et / ou à la silice semble avoir pour effet de diminuer la fréquence des mutations de l'EGFR / Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) is considered as a separate entity given its epidemiological specificities. It is also a very interesting template to assess alternative risk factors for lung cancers than tobacco smoking. However, there is very little non-Asian data about this particular topic. The BioCAST / IFCT1002 study is a prospective, nationwide, and multi-centric epidemiological study. Its main objective was to describe a French population of lung cancers in lifelong never smokers (less than 100 cigarette during all lifetime); with a special focus on molecular somatic profile and risk-factors exposure. Secondary objectives were to assess the interaction between risk-factor exposure and molecular profile; and to use this particular cohort to develop a multiplex test for non-invasive diagnosis of tumor mutations in circulating free DNA. Overall, 384 patients were recruited in the cohort. Two-third were exposed to passive smoking (mainly women and in domestic setting). By contrast, 35% of men were definitely exposed to occupational carcinogens versus 8% of women. Finally, 72% were found with a somatic mutation, mainly in the EGFR gene (51% of the whole population). Gender or exposure to risk factors such as passive smoking, occupational exposure, or hormonal status in women, were not significantly associated with a specific and/or clinically meaningful molecular profile in tumor. These findings should be interpreted with caution given that some subgroups were small and/or with many simultaneous exposures. However, exposure to asbestos and/or silica was significantly associated to a decreased risk for EGFR mutation. On the pilot study (n=106), circulating free DNA was associated with tumor burden. The multiplex diagnosis (12 amplicons on 5 genes) by next-generation sequencing was feasible and gave encouraging results in stage 4 patients (67% sensitivity, 73% concordance rate). LCINS is an interesting entity for the study of non-tobacco-related cancer risk factors; or to optimize liquid biopsy strategy

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among never-smoking adolescents and identify key factors associated with such exposure. Methods Data were obtained from nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 168 countries during 1999-2008. SHS exposure was ascertained in relation to the location - exposure inside home, outside home, and both inside and outside home, respectively. Independent variables included parental and/or peer smoking, knowledge about smoke harm, attitudes toward smoking ban, age, sex, and World Health Organization region. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results Of 356,414 never-smoking adolescents included in the study, 30.4%, 44.2%, and 23.2% were exposed to SHS inside home, outside home, and both, respectively. Parental smoking, peer smoking, knowledge about smoke harm, and positive attitudes toward smoke ban were significantly associated with increased odds of SHS exposure. Approximately 14% of adolescents had both smoking parents and peers. Compared with never-smoking adolescents who did not have both smoking parents and peers, those who had both smoking parents and peers had 19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 19.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.86-21.41), eight (aOR, 7.71; 95% CI, 7.05-8.43), and 23 times (aOR, 23.16; 95% CI, 20.74-25.87) higher odds of exposure to SHS inside, outside, and both inside and outcome home, respectively. Conclusions Approximately one third and two fifths of never-smoking adolescents were exposed to SHS inside or outside home, and smoking parents and/or peers are the key factors. Study findings highlight the need to develop and implement comprehensive smoke-free policies consistent with the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to compare various attributes of never-married single men and women to married men and women. The Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis, the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) Scale, and the Personal Skills Map were completed by 138 never-married singles and 139 married volunteers, both male and female. Volunteers were predominantly Caucasian, Protestant, active in their churches, and college educated. Ages ranged from 30 to 39 years. Married volunteers were married only once for five years or more. A step-wise discriminant analysis was run on each of the three instruments to determine which variables were significant across groupings. Summary conclusions were made showing that never-married men and women were more socially energetic but less expressive and responsive than were married men and women. Single men, as compared to married men, were also more passive and saw themselves in a less favorable light. Single women, when compared to married women, were also more dominant. Single women, when compared to single men, were more relaxed and more assertive, but more critical and punitive. An implication for counselors is that never-married single people may need help with relating at a deeper level of vulnerability and personableness. Single men may need help in interpersonal assertiveness as well as in personal openness and transparency. Single women may need help in resolving some of their hostilities. Further research is needed to explore the possible factors contributing to the guardedness of singles, the passivity of men, and the hostility of women. More work needs to be done in the area of causality.

Thoughts on magic, spectacle, arena, material, materiality, marrow, invincibility, repetition, performance, sculpture, time, decay, temporality, tools, marks, gestures, writing, coaxing, site, stage, architecture, and movement.

Com uma quantidade quase incontável de informação textual disponível na web, a automatização de diversas tarefas referentes ao processamento automático de textos é uma necessidade inegável. Em abordagens superficiais do PLN (Processamento da Linguagem Natural), importantes propriedades do texto são perdidas, como posição, ordem, adjacência e contexto dos segmentos textuais. Uma análise textual mais profunda, como a realizada no nível do discurso, ocupa-se da busca e identificação da organização retórica do texto, gerando uma estrutura hierárquica em que as intenções do autor são explicitadas e relacionadas entre si. Para a automatização dessa tarefa, tem-se utilizado técnicas de aprendizado automático, predominantemente do paradigma supervisionado. Nesse paradigma, são necessários dados rotulados manualmente para a geração dos modelos de classificação. Como a anotação para essa tarefa é algo custoso, os resultados obtidos no aprendizado são insatisfatórios, pois estão bem aquém do desempenho humano na mesma tarefa. Nesta tese, o uso massivo de dados não rotulados no aprendizado semissupervisionado sem fim foi empregado na tarefa de identificação das relações retóricas. Foi proposto um framework que utiliza textos obtidos continuamente da web. No framework, realiza-se a monitoração da mudança de conceito, que pode ocorrer durante o aprendizado contínuo, e emprega-se uma variação dos algoritmos tradicionais de semissupervisão. Além disso, foram adaptados para o Português técnicas do estado da arte. Sem a necessidade de anotação humana, a medida-F melhorou, por enquanto, em 0,144 (de 0,543 para 0,621). Esse resultado consiste no estado da arte da análise discursiva automática para o Português. / Considering the almost uncountable textual information available on the web, the auto- matization of several tasks related to the automatic text processing is an undeniable need. In superficial approaches of NLP (Natural Language Processing), important properties of the text are lost, as position, order, adjacency and context of textual segments. A de- eper analysis, as carried out in the discursive level, deals with the identification of the rhetoric organization of the text, generating a hierarchical structure. In this structure, the intentions of the author are identified and related among them. To the automati- zation of this task, most of the works have used machine learning techniques, mainly from the supervised paradigm. In this paradigm, manually labeled data is required to obtain classification models, specially to identify the rhetorical relations. As the manual annotation is a costly process, the obtained results in the task are unsatisfactory, because they are below the human perfomance. In this thesis, the massive use of unlabeled data was applied in a semi-supervised never-ending learning to identify the rhetorical relations. In this exploration, a framework was proposed, which uses texts continuously obtained from the web. In the framework, a variation of traditional semi-supervised algorithms was employed, and it uses a concept-drift monitoring strategy. Besides that, state of the art techniques for English were adapted to Portuguese. Without the human intervention, the F-measure increased, for while, 0.144 (from 0.543 to 0.621). This result consists in the state-of-the-art for Discourse Analysis in Portuguese.

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本研究採取質性研究方法針對成年未婚媽媽之婚姻與生育決策進行探討，了解成年未婚媽媽從未婚懷孕初始至生育之經驗與感受、分析決定未婚生育之因素，以及彙整未婚生育歷程之需求。透過本研究期待可瞭解：一、探討成年未婚媽媽未婚生育之經驗與感受；二、分析成年未婚媽媽婚姻與生育抉擇之因素；三、整理成年未婚媽媽未婚生育之需求，以利社會工作實務相關參考。本研究使用立意取樣與滾雪球抽樣策略，與台北市大孜婦女中心、台北市文山婦女中心合作，選取符合本研究設定之研究對象參與研究，並以滾雪球策略以研究者自身之網絡邀請受訪者，歸納研究結果提出建議，提供社會工作實務參考。 依據研究問題與目的，研究者邀請北部地區十二位成年未婚媽媽進行一對一的深度訪談，研究結果茲分述如下： 一、成年未婚媽媽決定生育之因素包含「避免殘害生命」、「生理因素」，以及「情感因素」。（一）生理因素：擔憂超過生育年齡、擔憂孩子健康狀況不佳、擔憂墮胎對本身健康不佳。（二）情感因素：欲生下喜歡之人的孩子與希冀生育可綁住兩人的關係。 二、決定留養之因素則包含下列五項：對孩子難以割捨的情感、孩子是感情的寄託、渴望為人父母、認為自行撫養對孩子較佳，以及養育是負責任的行為。 三、成年未婚媽媽婚姻決定之因素主要包括兩大部份：「考量婚姻之成本」與「考量婚姻之效益」，前者包含個人因素中的渴望自由、避免無法融入對方家庭、對婚姻形式不認同、對婚姻角色不認同、對婚姻沒有信心以及避免與不適任之男友結婚；後者則包含不需害怕他人眼光、獲得家人諒解，以及可以給孩子一個完整的家。 四、成年未婚媽媽於未婚生育之時，主要的需求可分為以下四點：害怕他人眼光、徬徫無助之心態、財務困難與親職無法負荷。 五、研究發現成年未婚媽媽在婚姻與生育之決定上，含有社會交換的觀點，並且受到婦女成年早期發展任務之影響；其次，在面對困難時，亦符合生活模式所提出會先對壓力源進行評估，並尋找環境之資源以利交流調適。

The end of the Second World War found the city of Thessaloniki devastated by the loss of nearly its total Jewish population in the concentration camps of the Third Reich. A few survivals return to their city just to realize that their fortunes have been confiscated either by the local authorities or by their Christian neighbors. Some Jews decide to leave their former homeland and some others take the decision to remain and start their life from scratch. For the following decades, the Jewish history of the city is being carefully and on purpose hidden and the collective memory erases the traces of Jews. In this part of the story, the Jews by themselves kept a low public profile and remained silent, struggling to survive and rebuild their fortunes. It was in 2013, when a heterogeneous group of people decided to launch the Memory Walk “Never Again” for the 50.000 Jews of Thessaloniki who lost their lives in the Shoa (Holocaust). The Memory walk had to deal with the barriers of the strong nationalistic profile of the city and of its local population. However, the Memory walk came to be established as an institution which exists and grows until today. The current paper examines how local digital media approached the first Memory walk taking into consideration the Jewish history, the stereotypes regarding Jews, the antisemitism and the strong nationalist and deeply religious profile of the city. The first part describes the Jewish presence in Thessaloniki under the Ottoman Empire, the consequences of the Hellenization of the city in 1912, the national identity formation process and the mobilizing role of the Orthodox Church in the political and cultural homogenization. In the second part, digital media articles related to the first Memory Walk are being analyzed according to the CDA (critical discourse analysis) and a critical reflection on how media approached the Memory walk is finally presented. The analysis results will be finalized with the conclusions which derive from in person interviews with key stakeholders of the Memory Walk.