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Genom odöda stilar och transformerade masker : Populärkulturell återanvändning av Goyas och Fuselis konst i nyadaptionen av slasherfilmen Terror på Elm Street / Immortal styles and transformed masksBjerre, Tobias January 2015 (has links)
Studien undersöker användningen av Goyas etsning När förnuftet sover kommer monstren och Fuselis oljemålning Nattmaran som förekommer i slasherfilmen Terror på Elm Street (2010). Konstverken är placerade i en scen där konstverken bland annat får en självrefererande roll eftersom det som sker i konstverken även sker i filmen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad konstverken fyller för funktion i filmen och att undersöka om det finns stilistiska och tematiska likheter mellan konstverken och filmen trots att det skiljer ungefär 200 år mellan dem. De båda konstverken analyseras semiotiskt och filmen analyseras främst utifrån studiens teoretiska perspektiv: intermedialitet, transmediering och intertextualitet. Resultatet visar att slasherfilmer och skräckfilmer är väldigt flitiga med användandet av intertextuella referenser och självrefererande uttryck men att det är svårt att veta exakt vad konstverken har för betydelse. Tidigare forskning visar att tidig skräckfilm inspirerades av gotiska romaner och romantiska konstverk vilka transmedierades till filmmediet när det var tekniskt möjligt. Mellan konstverken och filmen går det att hitta flera stilmässiga och tematiska likheter som är typiska för det som började framhävas under romantiken. Terror på Elm Street (2010) bär på flera postmoderna drag, bland annat eftersom filmen kombinerar uttryck från det förflutna och berör gränsen för vad som ses som fin- respektive populärkultur. / This study examines Goya’s etching The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters and Fuseli’s The Nightmare and how they are used in the slasher movie A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010). The purpose of this study is to explore the artworks and their role within the movie and examine if it is possible to distinguish stylistic and thematic similarities between the works despite being separated by approximately 200 years. The artworks are analyzed according to a semiotic method, while the movie is analyzed mainly using the study’s theoretical aspects: intermediality, transmediality and intertextuality. The result shows that intertextual references and self-referential expressions are frequently used in slasher movies. However, the specific role which these artworks play in the movie is often hard to decipher. There are several similarities between the artworks and the movie and previous studies shows that early horror movies were influenced by gothic novels and romantic paintings which were transmediated to fit the film medium. The art works used in A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) have the same motifs as part of the film’s story and are also part of a postmodern trend of mixing between so called high culture and popular culture.
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Attitudes et croyances envers les rêves : une approche multidimensionnelleCharneau Simard, Catherine 12 1900 (has links)
L’objectif était de développer un questionnaire (IDEA) afin de capter les attitudes envers les rêves et d’évaluer leurs relations avec des variables externes ainsi que le rôle qu’elles représentent dans la vie des gens. 725 participants ont complété l’IDEA et parmi ceux-ci 357 ont aussi complété des questionnaires concernant le rêve, la personnalité et le bien-être ainsi qu’un journal de rêve. Dans le premier article, une analyse factorielle de l’IDEA a dégagé 7 dimensions d’intérêt. Les individus ont été classifiés selon trois profils distincts de rêveur montrant des relations différentielles aux mesures de personnalité et de bien-être. Dans le second article, les résultats ont montré que les individus qui rapportent beaucoup de rêves, une détresse psychologique, des frontières fluides ou une capacité d’absorption croient que leurs rêves possèdent un sens. L’IDEA est un instrument utile pour la recherche et montrent que les croyances oniriques ont un rôle psychologique important. / Our goals were to develop a questionnaire (the IDEA) to assess dream-related beliefs, to investigate the relations between these beliefs and waking-state variables as well as the roles they may play in peoples’ lives. In the first article, 725 participants completed the IDEA and 357 participants also completed a dream log and questionnaires on dreams, personality, and well-being. A factor analysis of the IDEA revealed 7 dimensions. Using these dimensions, individuals were classified into three distinct profiles which showed differential relations to measures of personality and well-being. In the second article, people with high dream recall, psychological distress, thin boundaries and an elevated capacity for absorption, were found to be the most likely to believe that their dream experiences are meaningful. The findings indicate that the IDEA is a useful instrument for researchers and those dream-related beliefs can play important psychological roles in people’s lives. / L'accord des co-auteurs est inclus dans le mémoire
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Les rêves dysphoriques chez les enfants : épidémiologie, facteurs de risque et traitementSimard, Valérie January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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Attitudes et croyances envers les rêves : une approche multidimensionnelleCharneau Simard, Catherine 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Les rêves dysphoriques chez les enfants : épidémiologie, facteurs de risque et traitementSimard, Valérie January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
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Le circuit cérébral de la peur : analyse spectrale et imagerie cérébrale en trouble du cauchemarMarquis, Louis-Philippe 01 1900 (has links)
Les cauchemars sont des rêves très dysphoriques, bien remémorés au réveil, dont le contenu est souvent caractérisé par la présence de menace à la survie, la sécurité ou l’intégrité physique. Les cauchemars surviendraient surtout durant le sommeil paradoxal. Bien qu’il s’agisse pour la plupart des gens d’une expérience rare et bénigne, il est de plus en plus apparent que les cauchemars entretiennent des liens avec la psychopathologie. Plusieurs populations psychiatriques ont une fréquence des cauchemars supérieure à la population générale. Au-delà d’être simplement associés à la psychopathologie, les cauchemars peuvent par exemple prédire le développement du trouble de stress post-traumatique, constituer un facteur de risque pour le suicide, ou amplifier des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle. Ainsi, les cauchemars peuvent être pertinents pour la clinique. Malgré cela, leur pathophysiologie demeure un sujet peu exploré. Plus spécifiquement, il existe peu de recherche portant sur leurs corrélats neuronaux.
Selon le modèle neurocognitif des cauchemars, les cauchemars constitueraient un échec de la fonction normale des rêves, qui serait d’aider à la régulation émotionnelle en mêlant le contenu de mémoires émotionnellement négatives à celui d’autres mémoires plus neutres, permettant ainsi l’extinction de ces mémoires négatives. La fonction du rêve, et donc la présence de cauchemars, reposerait sur un réseau limbique-préfrontal composé du cortex préfrontal médian et cingulaire antérieur, de l’hippocampe et de l’amygdale.
L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les mécanismes cérébraux potentiellement impliqués dans les cauchemars de manière à tester le modèle neurocognitif des cauchemars.
Dans une première étude, nous avons utilisé l’analyse spectrale pour comparer l’activité EEG à l’éveil et durant le sommeil entre 18 participants rapportant des cauchemars fréquents et 15 participants contrôles. Les résultats démontrent davantage d’activité 2-5Hz à l’éveil, en sommeil lent et en sommeil paradoxal, principalement aux électrodes centrales et frontales, chez les participants avec cauchemars comparativement aux participants contrôles. Ces résultats étaient plus apparents en sommeil paradoxal. Ces résultats répliquent partiellement une étude antérieure démontrant une activité 3-4Hz plus importante pour des participants avec cauchemars que des contrôles. L’apport original de l’étude réside surtout dans sa démonstration d’altérations de l’activité EEG visibles autant durant l’éveil que durant le sommeil, ce qui constitue un appui à la continuité éveil-sommeil avancée par le modèle neurocognitif des cauchemars.
Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons utilisé la tomographie par émission monophotonique pour enregistrer le flux sanguin cérébral régional (une mesure indirecte de l’activité neuronale) de 18 participants avec cauchemars fréquents durant le visionnement d’images émotionnellement négatives ou neutres. Les résultats démontrent que la sévérité des cauchemars est associée négativement au FSCr de régions inclues dans le modèle neurocognitif (cortex cingulaire antérieur et préfrontal médian), mais aussi d’autres régions corticales (frontales, temporales, insula).
En résumé, cette thèse apporte un appui partiel au modèle neurocognitif des cauchemars, mais souligne également certaines limites du modèle et propose de nouvelles avenues de recherche pour comprendre les mécanismes neuronaux des cauchemars. Cette thèse souligne aussi des implications cliniques à l’étude des corrélats neuronaux des cauchemars, notamment par rapport à la compréhension des traitements (pharmacologiques ou non-pharmacologiques). / Nightmares are defined as highly dysphoric dreams that are well-remembered upon awakening, frequently involving threats to survival, security or physical integrity. They are thought to happen most frequently during rapid eye movement sleep. For most people, nightmares are a rare occurrence and are mostly benign. However, research shows that nightmares are linked to psychopathology. Many psychiatric populations have an elevated nightmare frequency compared to the general population. In addition to being associated with psychopathology, nightmares can for example predict the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, be a risk factor for suicide, or diminish emotional regulation capabilities. Therefore, nightmares can be relevant to clinical practice. However, research about their pathophysiology is lacking. More specifically, there is a lack of research on the neural correlates of nightmares.
According to the neurocognitive model of nightmares, nightmares are a breakdown of the normal function of dreams. Dreams are thought to help emotional regulation by combining emotionally negative memories with more neutral memories, thereby extinguishing these negative memories. The function of dreams, and therefore the occurrence of nightmares, is thought to be supported by a limbic-prefrontal circuit comprising medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, hippocampus, and amygdala.
The aim of this dissertation is to study brain mechanisms involved in nightmares, thereby testing the neurocognitive model of nightmares.
In study 1, we used spectral analysis to compare EEG activity in wake and sleep between 18 frequent nightmare recallers and 15 control participants. The results show higher 2-5Hz activity during wake, non-REM and REM sleep, mainly for central and frontal derivations, for frequent nightmare recallers compared to controls. Differences were most apparent for REM sleep. These results partly replicate past work showing heightened 3-4Hz activity in frequent nightmare recallers compared to controls. It improves upon past work by demonstrating cross-state alterations of EEG activity, thereby supporting the cross-state continuity assumption of the neurocognitive model of nightmares.
In study 2, we used single photon emission tomography to obtain regional cerebral blood flow (an indirect measure of neuronal activity) from 18 frequent nightmare recallers while they were viewing pictures with a negative or neutral emotional valence. Results demonstrate that the severity of nightmares is negatively associated with brain regions included (medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices) and not included (frontal, temporal and insular regions) in the neurocognitive model of nightmares.
In sum, this dissertation offers partial support to the neurocognitive model of nightmares, while also highlighting limits of the model and proposing ideas for future investigations on the neural correlates of nightmares. This dissertation also discusses some clinical implications of the study of the neural correlates of nightmares, most importantly providing a better understanding of nightmare-reducing treatments (pharmacological or non-pharmacological).
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The Boy with the Aluminum HatKapela, Steven J. 10 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Cotton Mathers's Wonders of the Invisible World: An Authoritative EditionWise, Paul Melvin 12 January 2005 (has links)
ABSTRACT Although Cotton Mather, as the official chronicler of the 1692 Salem witch trials, is infamously associated with those events, and excerpts from his apologia on Salem, Wonders of the Invisible World, are widely anthologized today, no annotated critical edition of the entire work has appeared in print since the nineteenth century. This present edition of Wonders seeks to remedy this lacuna in modern scholarship. In Wonders, Mather applies both his views on witchcraft and on millennialism to events at Salem. This edition to Mather's Wonders presents this seventeenth-century text beside an integrated theory of the initial causes of the Salem witch panic. The juxtaposition of the probable natural causes of Salem's bewitchment with Mather's implausible explanations exposes the disingenuousness of his writing about Salem. My theory of what happened at Salem includes the probability that a group of conspirators led by the Rev. Samuel Parris deliberately orchestrated the "witchcraft" and that a plant, the thorn apple, used in Algonquian initiation rites, caused the initial symptoms of bewitchment (39-189). Furthermore, key spectral evidence used at the Salem witch trials and recorded by Mather in Wonders appears to have been generated by intense nightmares, commonly thought at the time to be witch visitations, resulting from what is today termed sleep paralysis (215-310). This dissertation provides a detailed look at some of the testimony given in the Salem court records and in Wonders of the Invisible World as it relates to the interpretation in folklore of the phenomenology of nightmares associated with sleep paralysis. The third chapter of this dissertation focuses extensively on Mather's text as a disingenuous response to the Salem witch trials (320-456). The final section of chapter three posits a "Scythian" or Eurasian connection between Swedish and Salem witchcraft. Similarities in shamanic practices among respective indigenous populations of Lapland, Eurasia, Asia, and New England, caused the devil's involvement in both the visible and invisible worlds to appear more than theoretical to writers like Jose Acosta, Johannes Scheffer, Nicholas Fuller, Joseph Mede, Anthony Horneck, and Cotton Mather, inducing Mather to include a lengthy abstract of the Swedish account in Wonders (404-449).
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Cotton Mathers's Wonders of the Invisible World: An Authoritative EditionWise, Paul Melvin 12 January 2005 (has links)
ABSTRACT Although Cotton Mather, as the official chronicler of the 1692 Salem witch trials, is infamously associated with those events, and excerpts from his apologia on Salem, Wonders of the Invisible World, are widely anthologized today, no annotated critical edition of the entire work has appeared in print since the nineteenth century. This present edition of Wonders seeks to remedy this lacuna in modern scholarship. In Wonders, Mather applies both his views on witchcraft and on millennialism to events at Salem. This edition to Mather's Wonders presents this seventeenth-century text beside an integrated theory of the initial causes of the Salem witch panic. The juxtaposition of the probable natural causes of Salem's bewitchment with Mather's implausible explanations exposes the disingenuousness of his writing about Salem. My theory of what happened at Salem includes the probability that a group of conspirators led by the Rev. Samuel Parris deliberately orchestrated the "witchcraft" and that a plant, the thorn apple, used in Algonquian initiation rites, caused the initial symptoms of bewitchment (39-189). Furthermore, key spectral evidence used at the Salem witch trials and recorded by Mather in Wonders appears to have been generated by intense nightmares, commonly thought at the time to be witch visitations, resulting from what is today termed sleep paralysis (215-310). This dissertation provides a detailed look at some of the testimony given in the Salem court records and in Wonders of the Invisible World as it relates to the interpretation in folklore of the phenomenology of nightmares associated with sleep paralysis. The third chapter of this dissertation focuses extensively on Mather's text as a disingenuous response to the Salem witch trials (320-456). The final section of chapter three posits a "Scythian" or Eurasian connection between Swedish and Salem witchcraft. Similarities in shamanic practices among respective indigenous populations of Lapland, Eurasia, Asia, and New England, caused the devil's involvement in both the visible and invisible worlds to appear more than theoretical to writers like Jose Acosta, Johannes Scheffer, Nicholas Fuller, Joseph Mede, Anthony Horneck, and Cotton Mather, inducing Mather to include a lengthy abstract of the Swedish account in Wonders (404-449).
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The language of dreams : a study of transcultural magical realism in four postcolonial texts.Hosking, Tamlyn. January 2005 (has links)
This research provides an analytical reading of four contemporary novels, in a
transcultural study of magical realism and dreams. Two of the novels, Ben Okri's The Famished Road and its sequel Songs of Enchantment, examine dreams through magical realism in postcolonial African literature. The third novel, Toni Morrison's Beloved, is used to depict the use of memory within an African-American magical realist novel. And the fourth narrative is Irvine Welsh's Marabou Stork Nightmares, which focuses on the use of hallucination within what can be seen as a magical realist mode. The analysis of these novels examines certain aspects of magical realism, including the use of the
subconscious, focusing primarily on dream, memory and hallucination. In examining this topic, I aim to suggest that the use of the subconscious, within
this literature, allows the writer to comment on a particular society. As can be seen in previous studies of magical realism, the writer is able to express his or her dissatisfaction with society by destabilising conventionally accepted truths. A writer can therefore convey a sense that the surface of a particular culture or society is a facade, disguising certain hidden truths, which require a more in depth examination, in order to more fully understand the workings behind that society. The subconscious works to reveal these hidden realities, and is therefore a mode of resistance in that it allows the writers an avenue through which to express their dissatisfaction with their particular society. This is achieved through the exploring and deconstruction of certain boundaries within the novels which, along with several other factors, essentially concords the magical realism inherent in these texts. It is additionally enhanced through the use of the device of the subconscious, which allows the writers to transgress borders, and further explore their
particular cultures. Through the use of novels from various contemporary societies, I hope to establish the fact that the subconscious, and therefore magical realism, is a transcultural technique, in that it traverses a multitude of cultures, without being specific to any one in particular. While the use of dreams requires a culture specific interpretation, the use of the subconscious in this literature can be seen as a global technique of expressing dissatisfaction within these societies. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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