La pensée athée fait partie intégrante de la société française depuis maintenant plusieurs siècles. Si de nombreux ouvrages se sont essayés à en livrer une approche idéologique ou philosophique, peu d’études se sont pourtant réellement attachées, jusqu’à maintenant, à en analyser les composantes, les subtilités, les ressorts ou les acteurs dans une démarche purement sociologique. C’est là l’objectif qui a guidé cette thèse doctorale pour enfin tenter d’apprécier plus en détails la réalité du fait athée en France. Pour appréhender au mieux cette réalité et afin d’étudier une population méconnue car souvent discrète, le travail de recherche entrepris ici s’est volontairement concentré sur l’une des rares associations à être exclusivement composées d’athées déclarés. Bien que très petite en taille et totalement inconnue du grand public, l’« Union des Athées » est en effet la plus ancienne association de ce type au niveau national et constitue par là un terrain d’étude idéal pour qui souhaite s’approcher au plus près de la "parole" athée. Par l’étude fouillée de son histoire et l’analyse de sa conception idéologique, puis au moyen d’une enquête inédite réalisée auprès de ses membres, cette thèse propose des clés pour une compréhension plus actuelle de la pensée athée et permet d’aborder l’athéisme et la laïcité sous un angle nouveau, contribuant ainsi à poser les bases d’une autre réflexion sur les problématiques de l’actualité. En remettant en perspective les notions mêmes d’"athéisme" et de "Dieu", elle introduit par ailleurs un nouveau postulat : considérer l’athéisme ne peut s’envisager sans prendre en compte le contexte civilisationnel dans lequel il se vit. / The atheist’ thought has been an integral part of French society now since several centuries. Even though many writing works have tried to make an ideological and philosophical approach, very few studies have been set out to analyze its constituents, subtleties, or actors, dealing with purely sociological methodology. It is what this doctoral thesis led as its objective for the purpose of attempting to assess the reality of the atheist fact in France. In order to comprehend better this reality and to study this unrecognized population because of its unassuming nature, the research carried out here has been voluntarily concentrated on one of the rare associations composed exclusively by self-declared atheists. Although very small and totally unknown by the general public, the “Atheists Union” is indeed the oldest association of this kind on the national wide level, and thus forms an ideal field of study for who wishes to close to the nearest way of the atheists’ talks. By studying his detailed history and analyzing his ideological conception, and then, by way of an original survey carried out among his members, this thesis propose the key of comprehension of most actual atheists’ thoughts, and allow to approach the atheism and secularism from a new angle, contributing in thus way to put down the bases of an another reflection on the current issues. Putting in perspective the knowledge itself of “atheism” and “God”, it introduces a new postulate: considering the atheism will not be able to foresee without taking into account the civilizational context in which it lives.

This study deals with problems of the unequally yoked marriage partners (a couple where one is a Christian and the other not). The practical theological model of Zerfass was followed by establishing a basis-, a meta- and a practice theory. The basis theoretical perspective shows that God forbade mixed marriages in the Old Testament due to the danger that His people could be lured into heathen practices. In the New Testament, Paul warns Christians not to many unbelievers. Unequally yoked marriages happened when one of the partners got converted after the marriage. Paul's advice to believers is that divorce is permissible, but the decision lies exclusively with the unbeliever. If the unbeliever wants to leave, the believer must let him/her go. Peter's advice to the believing wife is that she must submit to her unbelieving husband and not say a word, as he may be won over for Christ through her deferential behaviour. From the metatheoretical perspective, the literature consulted shows that religious commitment and homogamy have a positive effect on marriages. Believers in unequally yoked marriages revealed in the empirical study the problems they experience and how they cope. A relatively fulfilled marriage is possible. Pastors consulted in the empirical study want to help couples to accept each other and to learn to live with their differences. The pastors focused mostly on the believer's relationship with God. Guidelines for a possible model which pastors can follow in their pastoral guidance of the unequally yoked couple are given and focus primarily on the believing partner. Prayer and Scripture are fundamental in the pastoral guidance. / Thesis (M.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This study deals with problems of the unequally yoked marriage partners (a couple where one is a Christian and the other not). The practical theological model of Zerfass was followed by establishing a basis-, a meta- and a practice theory. The basis theoretical perspective shows that God forbade mixed marriages in the Old Testament due to the danger that His people could be lured into heathen practices. In the New Testament, Paul warns Christians not to many unbelievers. Unequally yoked marriages happened when one of the partners got converted after the marriage. Paul's advice to believers is that divorce is permissible, but the decision lies exclusively with the unbeliever. If the unbeliever wants to leave, the believer must let him/her go. Peter's advice to the believing wife is that she must submit to her unbelieving husband and not say a word, as he may be won over for Christ through her deferential behaviour. From the metatheoretical perspective, the literature consulted shows that religious commitment and homogamy have a positive effect on marriages. Believers in unequally yoked marriages revealed in the empirical study the problems they experience and how they cope. A relatively fulfilled marriage is possible. Pastors consulted in the empirical study want to help couples to accept each other and to learn to live with their differences. The pastors focused mostly on the believer's relationship with God. Guidelines for a possible model which pastors can follow in their pastoral guidance of the unequally yoked couple are given and focus primarily on the believing partner. Prayer and Scripture are fundamental in the pastoral guidance. / Thesis (M.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This thesis provides the findings of an explanatory case study that utilized elements of ethnographic research to discover effective evangelistic methods being practiced among Palestinian Muslims in the West Bank. With the assistance of gatekeepers, twenty-four former Muslims were asked to explain how they were evangelized, with a particular focus on evangelistic methodology, the barriers to faith the respondents encountered, solutions to those barriers, and motivations to consider conversion. This qualitative study follows the research model of Thom Rainer (2001) by asking those who have actually converted to describe the things that were helpful in the process of their coming to faith. For a theoretical framework it utilizes a nuance of McKnight’s (2002) theory of conversion with an emphasis on crisis providing an intersection of the natural and supernatural for the purpose of conversion. This thesis investigates examples of effective evangelism within the context of the West Bank, giving thorough consideration to Palestinian Nationalism and Islam as overarching cultural influences. It considers fruitful practices being practiced globally among Muslims, comparing those with what was found being practiced in the West Bank. The advocates represented in this report were primarily Palestinians born and raised in the West Bank, with the exception of three messianic Jewish Israelis and an American missionary. Additionally, they were evangelicals who generally utilized a contextually sensitive, traditional mission approach rather than an Insider model. The end result is a knowledge base that can be helpful for future evangelism of Muslims in the West Bank or other similar contexts. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

Ancien activiste d’extrême gauche, ouvrier, alpiniste, Erri De Luca (1950-) est un écrivain « non-croyant » hanté par le texte biblique. Refusant toute autorité (qu’elle soit étatique, divine ou littéraire), il s’inscrit « contre » tous, dans un « à-côté », dans un hors norme traductif et exégétique biblique qui est pourtant norme de l’herméneutique rabbinique. Notre travail s’attache à montrer comment De Luca propose à un lecteur protéiforme une mise en scène des modalités d’une lecture qui s’écrit. Dans une écriture du non-dit, l’auteur s’inspire de sa lecture, de sa traduction et de son commentaire du texte biblique pour mieux questionner les genres. Il crée ainsi, dans une œuvre babélienne où les origines sont horizon, dans une zone mouvante qui échappe à toute catégorisation, un « entre-deux ». Sa position scripturale est duale, entre culture innée (d’origine chrétienne) et culture inventée (d’origine juive). Sa re-traduction n’est pas écriture seconde ou sous-écriture ; elle naît comme écriture. Décontextualisant, littérarisant, resémantisant la méthode exégétique rabbinique du midrash, De Luca propose une forme de réception personnelle du texte fondateur : il lorgne dans les interstices du texte biblique afin de lui conférer une « autre possibilité ». / Erri De Luca (Naples, 1950-), former far-left activist, workman, climber, is a “non-believer” who is haunted by the Bible. Refusing any authority (let it be from a State, a God, or a literary rule), he places himself “against” everyone, on the “sideline”, outside the standards of translation, outside the standards of biblical exegetic compendiums. Yet, De Luca's method fits well in the standards of rabbinical hermeneutical methods. Our work's goal is to show how De Luca offers to a proteiform reader an arrangement of his writing. While De Luca's writing signifies by what is kept quiet, his readings, his translations, and its biblical compendiums serve his inspiration to better question the genre. He therefore creates, in a babelical masterpiece where origins are horizon, in a shifting area that refuses any classification, a place “in-between” every other places. His writing position is dual, in-between an inborn culture (of Christian origin) and a created culture (of Jewish origin). His re-translation is not yet “another writing” nor a “cheap writing”: his translation erects itself as writing. With his very personal style, outside of any context, but flourishing with literary references and by reusing the rabbinical hermeneutical method of the midrash, De Luca proposes a personal reading of the Bible. He squeezes within the Bible's interstices in order to give it an “other possibility”.

The thesis concerns itself with spiritual needs of young Christians. It takes into consideration the development of religious judgement, psycho-social development young people undergoe, and the influence of the current secularized society on their value opinions and attitudes. It analyses three aspects of the Christian faith: the knowledge of Church teachings, the partaking on the life of the Church and the Christian moral principles. It further considers the problems and tasks of pastoral care of the youth, and it describes the ways work and spirituality of the best known movements, and other activities of the youth and for the youth in the dioceses. The thesis concludes in postulating the existence of three levels of youth spiritual needs: the level of good Christian role models, the level of patient spiritual guidance and the level of an attractive Christian culture.

The purpose of this project centered on the influential literary magazine Timothy McSweeney’s Quarterly Concern. Using Bruno Latour’s network theory as well as the methods put forth by Robert Scholes and Clifford Wulfman to study modernist little magazines, I analyzed the influence McSweeney’s has on contemporary little magazines. I traced the connections between McSweeney’s and other paradigmatic examples of little magazines—The Believer and n+1—to show how the McSweeney’s aesthetic and business practice creates a model for more recent publications. My thesis argued that The Believer continues McSweeney’s aesthetic mission. In contrast, n+1 positioned itself against the McSweeney’s aesthetic, which indirectly created a space within the little magazines for writers, philosophers, and artists to debate the prevailing aesthetic theories of the contemporary period. The creation of this space connects these contemporary magazines back to modernist little magazines, thereby validating my decision to use the methods of Scholes and Wulfman.

In my thesis I deal with the issue: What is allowed and what is forbidden in nursing an Islamic believer. I have chosen this topic because it is a very interesting and topical issue. In the Czech Republic area great changes in terms of the population composition have occurred recently. The number of foreigners of various cultural backgrounds, religions and custom practice has increased and thus the need of multicultural nursing has risen. Therefore it is necessary to find out if we are ready to care for patients who are Islamic believers. The number of Islamic believers in our country is growing constantly and they are not only tourists and foreigners but also Czech converts. Due to the extensive and comprehensive character of the issue the theoretical section of the thesis was divided into three parts. The introduction is focused on basic information on multicultural nursing. The transcultural model of nursing by Gigerova and Davidhizarova was used both for a special part of the theory and in the research part for developing the processual standard. The second part in focused on general information on Islam, i.e. on the history of the origination of the religion, its history in our country and on the principles of Islam. The special and most substantial part is dedicated to nursing specifics in the care for these patients, such as food, hygiene, family life, the issue of life saving interventions and the issue of death. On the basis of the model mentioned above nursing evaluation was carried out. In the practical section four objectives were stated: to learn nurses´ knowledge of the issue, to examine the conditions in hospitals in terms of nursing care for Islam believers, to find out if the attitude of the medical staff is influenced by prejudice against Islamic believers and to establish nursing standards in the care for Islam believers. The objectives were stated under assumption that nurses in the South Moravian region are better informed than nurses in the South Bohemian region and conditions in South Moravian hospitals are better adapted to the needs of nursing care for Islamic believers. The other assumption were that nurses´ attitude to care for Islamic believers is influenced by prejudice and also that the nursing standard development is considered to be benefiting for providing these patients with a complex nursing care. The research was conducted in the South Bohemian and South Moravian regions by using questionnaires handed out to nurses. I can say that the objectives were achieved, the first three hypotheses were not confirmed and the fourth, relating to the benefit of the nursing standard, was confirmed.

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