With the blooming of economy after the policy of reforming and opening up, China has become the world's factory, and meanwhile, the increasing income level has led to the demand for luxury consumption. However, those who cannot afford luxury consumption in the Chinese market turned to the counterfeit goods to meet their needs for a conspicuous satisfaction. For the counterfeiting issues in Chinese market, Chinese cultural has been blamed for the main cause, but rarely have researchers taken a delicate view of Chinese culture. This study take the concepts of authoritarian personality and face maintenance which are important in the Chinese cultural characteristics, combining with normative beliefs and cognition of regulative failure as independent variables to identify their relations with the attitude toward counterfeit boutique purchasing behavior, the dependent variable in this study. Meanwhile, we discovered some interesting findings after comparing data from Taiwan and China. In this study, cultural dimensions are used in market segmentation of strategic consideration, hoping for discuss the rampant counterfeiting problems in China. This study provides quality brands in the Chinese market different ways of thinking to fight against counterfeiting.

This study follows the theoretical les of Deutsch and Gerrard¡¦s dual-process theory to determine the informational and normative factors that influence credibility judgments of on-line consumer recommendation by readers. In addition, this study also discusses how impulse traits and disposition of Trust play as a moderator on the influence of Electronic Word-of-Mouth on sender¡¦s WOM on the receiver¡¦s purchase decision. This study¡¦s main purpose as follows: ¤@¡B How world informational and normative determinants affect a user¡¦s credibility evaluation of on- line consumer recommendations? ¤G¡B How would this perceived credibility of eWOM influence its sender¡¦s WOM on the receiver¡¦s purchase decision? ¤T¡B Receiver of consumer recommendations¡¦ impulse traits and disposition of trust whether influence the relationship between perceived credibility of eWOM and sender¡¦s WOM on the receiver¡¦s purchase decision. This study has some finding as following: ¤@¡B Informational determinant-argument strength, confirmation with receiver¡¦s prior belief, expertise - significantly influenced perceived eWOM credibility. ¤G¡B normative determinant- - significantly influenced perceived eWOM credibility ¤T¡B perceived eWOM credibility significantly influenced sender¡¦s WOM on the receiver¡¦s purchase decision. ¥|¡B impulse traits and disposition of Trust could strengthen the relationship between perceived credibility of eWOM and sender¡¦s WOM on the receiver¡¦s purchase decision.

As middle management is pillar of enterprise, so to develop middle management¡¦s professional competence is the key factor for enterprise¡¦s growth and competitiveness. To strengthen middle manager¡¦s management skills that can improve business performance and could be the key process for nurture of future successor. In an organization, middle management plays the key role to integrate and adjust organizational competence, therefore the ability to build network relationship among members and cooperate with other people to enhance social capital, develop human capital and cumulate personal physical capital is the most important objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation of social capital, job performance and career success. In this study, social capital is defined as independent variables, job performance and career success are defined as dependent variable. Furthermore, using the organization climate and shared normative frameworks as the interfered variable to investigat the effect of interference to social capital, job performance and career success. This study adopted questionnaire survey and target on middle management in various industry. The data were analyzed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis to discuss the relationships between social capital, job performance and career success and the moderating effect of interference for organization climate, shared normative frameworks. The findings of the study are as follows. (1) Micro level and meso level of social capital correlates positively with career success. (2) Micro level and meso level of social capital correlates positively with job performance. (3) Organization climate and shared normative frameworks causes partially intervention on relation of micro level and meso level of social capital and career success. (4) Organiztion climate and shared normative frameworks causes intervention on relation of micro level social capital and job performance is partial significant. (5) Organiztion climate and shared normative frameworks causes intervention on relation of meso level social capital and job performance is not significant. According to the results, we offer the following suggestions: (1) For enterprise: To enhance information and resource flow, promote high quality leadership and communication, reinforce recruiting, talent selection strategy and organization climate; (2) For employee: To reinforce social capital to improve job performance, cultivate learning, responsible attitude.

In this thesis it is attempted to shed some light upon the limits and effectiveness of the role of the European Union (EU) as a normative power has played in the transformation of Turkish politics especially in the case of human rights issues. First of all, this study reviews the original and current debates over the civilian and normative power Europe ideas, searches to find common elements underlying those accounts and assesses to what extent they offer an adequate categorization of the EU&rsquo / s international significance. One of the main arguments of this thesis is that the EU is generally considered as the catalyst or the anchor of the reform process in the candidate countries to become members. With this in mind, an account of the development of the EU&rsquo / s human rights conditionality vis-&agrave / -vis the third countries and the typology of the EU&rsquo / s human rights conditionality within the framework of enlargement are also examined. The massive wave of transformation with regard to human rights issues undertaken in Turkey during its pre-accession relations with the Union is a case point in this thesis. Within the scope of the study, it is attempted to analyze the impact of the EU&rsquo / s human rights conditionality upon the related state of affairs in Turkey with a view to exploring to what extent and under what conditions it could be regarded as the independent variable of the domestic reform process in the country.

The dissertation engages in a critical analysis of the involvement of the Brusselsbased European NGOs in European governance. It conducts a survey on the European Commission&rsquo / s relevant initiatives after the 1990s and interrogates the implications of these initiatives on one of the prominent European NGO network, the Social Platform of European NGOs. The common understanding conceives of these organizations as conducive to democratization of EU governance within the scope of participatory democracy. However, I endeavour to argue that the Commission has had an aim to make use of the civil society discourse for its institutional interests, while intentionally and unintentionally shaping (and reshaping) civic action in Europe. Participatory democracy project, which is promoted by the Commission, can be seen as a deliberate venture of shaping civic action and state-society relationships in Europe. With respect to this goal, it has encouraged the Social Platform to act like its interlocutor vis-&agrave / -vis the NGO community organised both at national and European level. Deriving from the Foucaultian concept of governmentality, I inquiry into the effects of this discourse on the Social Platform, which has been particularly created by the Commission to disperse the participatory democracy and good governance discourse in Europe.

Though the traditional resource-based view emphasized on the function of alliance to obtain the valuable resources, it still can¡¦t explain the complex alliance integrations completely. Using transaction cost theory to decrease opportunism can not help to build integration mechanisms of alliance. This study employs knowledge-based view to study how to use knowledge integration mechanisms to establish the internal valuable, rare and imperfectly imitable resources for alliance.These internal advantages can help the organization to acquire partner¡¦s critical resources. Based on knowledge based theory, this study, integrating alliance learning perspective and social integration perspective, built an integrative framework in addition to a sample set of 158 cases to explain how to enable alliance to reach its success. Additionally, by means of structural equation model (SEM), we test this integrated model. From the alliance learning perspective, this study not only considers the IT system, but also argues the importance of alliance learning mechanism and learning empowerment integration. First, the relational capability provides the foundations of the learning capability in alliance. Through the relational capability, the company can directly carry out the operational integration and promote the learning mechanism and empowerment, all which form the social integration mechanism s that facilitate to increase the alliance performance. From the social integration perspective, TMT¡¦s joint commitment is a collective action to bring forth active connection, such as relational capability, social integration mechanism and normative integration. Relational capability that is positively influenced by TMT¡¦s commitment is the valuable resources within alliance networks. Relational capability benefits the social integration mechanism and promotes the normative integration, that both of them will enhance good alliance performance.

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The purpose with this study is to examine and analyze the eldercare staffs conceptions and perceptions about the construction of ethnicity and aging, in Swedish eldercare, to illustrate the process of othering. The authors interviewed eight people who work in the eldercare by using a vignette. We have analyzed our result from the interviews through several theories and earlier research pertinent to the subject. The study has shown that eldercare staff through their conceptions and perceptions unconscious been conducive to make and recompose constructions of ethnicity and elder. The constructions of ethnicity and elder can be conductive to processes of othering.

If Aristotle was right in claiming that the aim of moral philosophy is to help us determine how we ought to live, then part of the aim of moral philosophy must be to help us improve our prescriptive accounts of moral decision making--our accounts of how we should make moral decisions. In my dissertation I examine implications of empirical research in cognitive science, social psychology, and decision theory for issues in moral decision making. I argue that empirical evidence suggests that principled guidance is in fact beneficial for decision making, which calls into question particularist prescriptive accounts. I also argue that contrary to the prevailing view, research suggests that taking a first-person perspective when making judgments about what we ought to do might actually help us make better moral judgments. Additionally, I argue that jurors will be more likely to make fairer and more accurate judgments by taking the perspective of the defendant than by trying to maintain a detached and 'objective' point of view.

Past research suggests that members of devalued groups recognize their group is discriminated against. Do the implicit responses of members of these groups demonstrate the same pattern? I argue that they do not and that this is due to a motivated protection of members of devalued groups’ social identity. Study 1 demonstrates that, at an explicit level African-Canadians recognize that their group is discriminated against, but at an implicit level African-Canadians think that most people like their group to a greater extent than do European-Canadians. Study 2 replicates this implicit finding but demonstrates that devalued and majority groups do not have different implicit normative regard about a non-devalued group. Study 3 again replicates the implicit finding with Muslim participants while demonstrating that, when affirmed, this group difference disappears. Study 4 demonstrates that implicit normative regard can predict collective action over and above implicit attitudes and explicit normative regard. The implications for social identity theory and collective action are discussed.