Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti paauglių normatyvinių įsitikinimų apie alkoholio ir tabako vartojimą sąsajas su alkoholio ir tabako vartojimu. Tyrimas atliktas Profesinio rengimo centre. Jame dalyvavo 223 I ir II kurso mokiniai: 115 (51,6 proc.) vaikinų ir 108 (48,4 proc.) merginų. Pirmo ir antro kurso mokiniai pagal amžių atitinka 11-12 klasės bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos mokinius. Tiriamųjų amžius yra nuo 16 iki 19 metų, amžiaus vidurkis – 17,9± 0,71 metų. Tyrime naudotas Nacionalinio socialinių normų resursų centro (angl. National Social Norms Resours Center) „Paauglių normų klausimynas“ (angl. Teen Norms Survey). Klausimyną sudaro 43 klausimai apie alkoholio vartojimą, tabako ir kitų priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimą. Šiuo klausimynu buvo matuojama: paauglių požiūris į alkoholio ir tabako vartojimą, alkoholio ir tabako vartojimo dažniai, su alkoholio ir tabako vartojimu susijusios aplinkybės, kitų paauglių (draugo/draugės; tipinio vaikino/merginos) tabako ir alkoholio dažnio bei jų požiūrio vertinimas, tėvų reakcijos į jų alkoholio ir tabako vartojimą vertinimas. Į šį klausimyną buvo įtraukta 2 klausimai iš A.Goštauto (1999 m.) mokymo medžiagos sveikatos psichologijos kursui: „Kaip Jūs geriate alkoholį?“ ir „Kaip Jūs rūkote cigaretes?“. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad paauglių požiūris apie alkoholio ir tabako vartojimą susijęs su lytimi, su tėvų reakcijos į jų alkoholio ir tabako vartojimą vertinimu, paauglių alkoholio ir tabako vartojimu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of study was to determine the links between the adolescent normative beliefs about alcohol and tobacco use and alcohol and tobacco consumption. The study was carried out in vocational training centre. It was attended by 223 I and II year students: 115 (51,6 per cent.) boys and 108 (48,4 per cent.) girls. The age range was from 16 to 19 years, the average – 17,9. The National Social Norms Resource Centre „Teen Norms Survey“ was used in the study. The questionnaire consists of 43 questions about the use of alcohol, tobacco and other addictive substances. This questionnaire measured the approach of teens to the use of alcohol and tobacco, the frequencies of alcohol and tobacco consumption, the circumstances related to the use of alcohol and tobacco, the evaluation of other adolescent tobacco and alcohol use factors, such reaction of the parents, frequency of treatment and evaluation. The questionnaire included two questions from A.Goštautas (1999) Health psychology training course material: „How do you drink alcohol?“ and „How do you smoke cigarettes?“. The survey results showed that the treatment for alcohol and tobacco by adolescents is linked to the sex, to the parents’ reaction to the alcohol and tobacco use and to the estimation of other young people ( boys and girls) of alcohol and tobacco use. The survey results showed that adolescent approach to alcohol and tobacco use is associated with sex, with their parents’ reactions to alcohol and tobacco use and... [to full text]

Aim of the work – to analyze the regularities of quality rates variation and to make the evaluation models of birch assortment structure, concerted with Europe Union standard’s requirements. Object of the work – semi mature and mature birch forests. During research there were used measurement data of birch stems quality rates (diameter, bark thickness at full stem length) and round wood defects. Methodology of the research – there were measured pruned birch stems, filled in the model wood card, indicating the forest and the model wood characteristics. After this empirical database was structured and normatives were made, which allow to evaluate the volume of timbers of various diameter and high trees A, B, C and D quality classes, paper wood, firewood and waste wood. Results of the research – birch - grove felling sorting – grading structure prognosis method was prepared. Sorting – grading tables in MS “Excel” computer program make its essence.

In the decade from 1998 to 2008, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was witness to one of the most brutal violent conflicts in recent history. Crimes against humanity and large-scale violations of human rights occurred on a regular basis, resulting in the death and displacement of millions of people. The international community responded to this crisis with humanitarian efforts such as the donation of billions of dollars in aid and engagement in diplomatic mediations. However, despite the increasing viability of humanitarian intervention as a policy option for international actors, as well as the ‘groundbreaking’ formal adoption of the Responsibility to Protect at the 2005 United Nations World Summit, no intervention was undertaken. This produces a puzzle: why, despite acknowledgement of the severity of the crisis, did the international community respond with humanitarianism, but stop short of intervening? The answer can be found in an examination of the international normative environment at the time of the conflict. Using a three-stage normative life-cycle model developed by Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink, this thesis posits that the reason the international community engaged in humanitarian actions was because the norm of humanitarianism is at stage 2 of its life cycle, making it well-entrenched enough to compel members of the international community to act. However, the norm of humanitarian intervention is only at stage 1 of its life cycle, meaning that it is weak and underdeveloped. Its weakness is exacerbated by the fact that humanitarian intervention often clashes with the highly entrenched stage 3 norms of realpolitik, and specifically the norm of self-interested engagement, which demands that a state only become engaged with another if it is in the first state’s interests to do so. Thus, despite the brutality of the conflict, the norm of humanitarian intervention was not strong enough to provoke an intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo. / Thesis (Master, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-18 02:05:57.536

The European Union is stated that promoting human rights, rule of law and democracy is one of the main objectives of the EU foreign policy. It was endorsed in the EU official document such as European Consensus on Development (2005) and also EU Strategy towards Central Asia. The thesis analyses the promotion of the EU value towards Central Asian countries, namely: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan Because of the isolation of the Turkmenistan, it was impossible to include the country in the research paper. In order to analyze the promotion level, it was decided to scrutinize the EU instruments such as EIDHR, human rights dialogue and civil society seminars. The European Union adopted the Strategy towards Central Asian countries in 2007 and this document expands the relation between European Union and Central Asia. Therefore, the thesis analyses the corporation of the both sides before and after the adaptation of the Strategy. Issues of cooperation in terms of the human rights and rule of law between the European Union and Kazakhstan are analyzed as a case study. At the conclusion, the promotion of the values assessed and the conclusion outlined for the corporation in the field of human rights and the rule of law between European Union and Central Asian countries. / Europos Sąjunga pabrėžia, jog žmogaus teisių, teisės viršenybės ir demokratijos rėmimas yra vienas iš pagrindinių ES užsienio politikos tikslų. Šis tikslas yra įtvirtintas oficialiuose ES dokumentuose, tokiuose kaip Europos Vystymosi Konsensusas (2005) bei Europos Centrinės Azijos strategija. Šiame darbe analizuojamas ES vertybių sklaidos rėmimas Centrinės Azijos šalyse – Kazachstane, Kirgizijoje, Tadžikistane ir Uzbekistane. Turkmėnijos atvejo, dėl šalies izoliacijos, į tyrimą įtraukti nebuvo įmanoma. Siekiant nustatyti ES vertybių sklaidos rėmimo lygį darbe nuspręsta nagrinėti ES instrumentus, tokius kaip EIDHR, žmogaus teisių dialogas bei pilietinės visuomenės seminarai. Europos Sąjunga patvirtino Centrinės Azijos Strategiją 2007m. Šiuo dokumentu buvo išplėtoti santykiai tarp Europos Sąjungos ir Centrinės Azijos. Dėl šios priežasties darbe analizuojamas abiejų pusių bendradarbiavimas prieš ir po Strategijos patvirtinimo. Problemos žmogaus teisių ir teisės viršenybės užtikrinimo srityje tarp ES ir Kazachstano yra analizuojamos kaip atvejo studija. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamas ES vertybių sklaidos rėmimo įvertinimas bei pateikiamos perspektyvos Europos Sąjungos ir Centrinės Azijos šalių bendradarbiavimui žmogaus teisių ir teisės viršenybės srityse.

Human rights are commonly taken to include both behavioral freedoms, such as a right to express opinions, and safeguards against the behaviors of others, such as a right not to be tortured. I examine the claim by Allen Buchanan and others that democracy should be considered a human right. I discuss what human rights are, what they do, and what they obligate moral agents to do, comparing this framework to attributes of democracy. I conclude that while democracy itself is both too nebulous and too specific to be the subject of a human right, it may be proper to speak of a human right to state self-determination.

What are the social conditions that enable depression to play a significant societal role in contemporary Western societies? This is the leading question of the dissertation. As an alternative to those who claim that contemporary depression is constructed by the exorbitant consumption of antidepressants, it is stated that both depression and the consumption of antidepressants is possible due to contemporary social conditions. Inspired by the analysis of modernity by Wagner, and on the basis of the theoretical concept of third modernity as proposed by Carleheden, it is claimed that an ethical conduct of life that demands authentic self-realization has been institutionalised in our historical epoch. By analysing how authentic self-realization is being realized in the new spirit of capitalism (Boltanski & Chiapello), it is being concluded that the socializing parameters of third modernity are those of being able to be active, flexible, polyvalent, adaptable, versatile etc. selves. Hence, authentic self-realization in imbued with these normative demands. In relation to the phenomenon of depression this is interesting, because contemporary depression can be understood, not as a subjective condition, but as a phenomenon of lack. What is being applauded in the society of today is just what depressive individuals lack, namely the ability to act in accordance with the normative claims of self-realization. Depressed individuals are in that sense failed selves (Ehrenberg) who represent and informs us about the “other side” of contemporary normative self-realization requirements. In other words: Within present-day society the institutionalized demands for authentic self-realization and depression have become each others antithesis. This socially demanded form of self-realization – which is put under the scrutiny of normative critique (Taylor) – is thus exactly what allows for depression to play such a significant role in present-day Western societies.

Abstract Feelings of safeness in public space differs a lot between the sexes, where women more often than men feel unsafe. But how do men relate to feelings of safeness in public spaces and how does unsafeness affect the relation between men and women? This study focusses on men’s behaviour towards women and how their behaviour changes during times of unsafeness, and how this behaviour affect´s men´s relationship with their romantic partners. The study is a case study and will focus on the city district Ålidhem in Umeå city, which reputation has suffered from the current image that local medias have projected. This case is interesting when it allows us to study how men in today´s society relate to problems with safeness in public space. The study´s result is based in six qualitative semi-structured interviews. the interviews were conducted with six young men in age 20-30 who had experience living in- or had prior experience living in the city district Ålidhem or had a relationship with a woman who had a similar experience. The interviews were later analysed through a narrative analysis method. The study´s result show that the men are more open with expressing their feelings of unsafeness and to talk about what types of factors that affect their mindset than previous studies show. These men sometimes felt that they got perceived as threatening elements in public spaces by unknown women, especially at night. This perception of the men as threatening elements sometimes caused the men to change their behaviour, like slowing down or taking other paths to their destination, to dampen the woman´s feeling of anxiety. The men themselves sometimes felt anxiety towards their romantic partner when they move in public spaces and they sometimes applied certain strategies to safeguard them. These strategies however weren’t a product of the men’s anxiety, but rather more often a product of the women´s. KEYWORDS: Safety in public space, Gender normative behaviour, Security planning

This thesis provides a reinterpretation of J.A.G. Griffith’s lecture ‘The Political Constitution’—a reinterpretation that stresses the commitment Griffith expressed in that lecture to the normative dimension of legal positivism. I call this normative dimension ‘normative positivism’. Identifying Griffith as a normative positivist serves to clarify a number of debates surrounding Griffith’s arguments in ‘The Political Constitution’ and serves to clarify our understanding of the concept that has come to be known in UK public law scholarship in recent years as ‘political constitutionalism’, of which Griffith is regarded as a leading exemplar. The thesis argues that Griffith’s political constitutionalism is best understood as a form of normative positivism and is very different from some more recent defences of political constitutionalism available in the scholarly literature. The thesis also considers how the big constitutional questions of the age in the UK—questions relating, for example, to bills of rights and devolution—play out in the light of our discovery and appreciation of Griffith’s normative positivism.

Jus cogens is a mysterious body of international law. It comprises legal standards which are thought to be superior to those in ordinary international law, namely, international treaties, customary international law, and general principles of law. The title of this study 'Conflicts with Jus Cogens in International Lawa' condenses its main aims. The study examines conflict-situations between jus cogens rules and rules of ordinary international law. The study is divided into four Parts. Part I clarifies what jus cogens status means and how jus cogens rules are made. Part II analyses some of the different ways in which legal rules come into conflict with each other. I seek to push the boundaries of our understanding of legal conflict, and I also construct a typology of legal conflict. In Part III, I apply the analysis of conflict in Part II to the jus cogens context by identifying and classifying situations where rules of ordinary international conflict with jus cogens rules. Finally, Part IV explores the consequences of the conflicts with jus cogens which were identified in Part III. What we see is that the consequences of these conflicts are varied. Most strikingly, however, we find that in some cases jus cogens rules are being defeated by rules of ordinary international law. This challenges the orthodox thinking that jus cogens rules are straightforwardly superior to ordinary international law, in the sense that they always prevail in conflict-situations. But while the conclusion of the study may seem radical, it is informed by theoretical writing about law and about how rules conflict. Ultimately, the study seeks to improve our understanding of jus cogens rules in international law, as well as the more general problem of how legal rules conflict with each other.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-04-18T18:02:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lucimar_alves_lopes_silva.pdf: 6308583 bytes, checksum: 3b82089f8abfbcbd0a050d50ea5fd114 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-04-23T16:50:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lucimar_alves_lopes_silva.pdf: 6308583 bytes, checksum: 3b82089f8abfbcbd0a050d50ea5fd114 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T16:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lucimar_alves_lopes_silva.pdf: 6308583 bytes, checksum: 3b82089f8abfbcbd0a050d50ea5fd114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar os problemas identificados em processos regidos por editais de concursos p?blicos para professor efetivo da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) - Diamantina ? MG, a partir das resolu??es normativas que orientam os procedimentos para o ingresso na carreira do Magist?rio Superior na institui??o. Processos Administrativos Disciplinares (PAD), processos de sindic?ncias, atas de reuni?es do Conselho Universit?rio, editais de concurso com recursos e desdobramentos previstos e coincidentes com o per?odo da pesquisa e outros documentos institucionais constitu?ram a fonte de pesquisa deste estudo para identifica??o das dificuldades ou lacunas existentes entre as resolu??es espec?ficas e a execu??o dos procedimentos na realiza??o dos concursos. Os autores F?vero (2006); Santos; Cerqueira (2009); Saviani (2008); Amaral (2008) e Fowler (2011) entre outros, embasaram as discuss?es te?ricas sobre as peculiaridades da gest?o da educa??o superior, no contexto das reformas administrativas e educacionais no Brasil. O per?odo considerado para a pesquisa foram os anos de 2011 a 2015. A motiva??o pelo tema surgiu a partir das constantes indaga??es de usu?rios da Institui??o no que concerne ? frequ?ncia de interposi??o de recursos administrativos e judiciais, anula??o de certames e instaura??o de PAD e, em decorr?ncia, a estagna??o e comprometimento da efetiva??o do processo educativo devido a n?o utiliza??o da vaga docente. A pesquisa possui uma abordagem qualitativa, de natureza b?sica, com objetivo explorat?rio e descritivo, especificamente, um estudo de caso valendo-se de an?lise bibliogr?fica e documental. Como resultado da pesquisa apontam-se procedimentos imprescind?veis e preventivos para a efetividade das a??es durante todo o certame: cuidado na verifica??o da proposta de editais recebidas dos colegiados de cursos para verifica??o da conson?ncia dos crit?rios constantes nos editais com a resolu??o em vigor; dissemina??o da informa??o com capacita??o dos envolvidos em concursos pelo ?rg?o respons?vel, al?m do estabelecimento de pol?ticas de gest?o da informa??o acess?veis aos usu?rios. Acredita-se que a relev?ncia deste trabalho seja justificada pela possibilidade de contribui??o e oportunidade de reflex?es para as pr?ticas de gest?o da UFVJM, visando o fortalecimento e crescimento da institui??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This research had as main objective to examine the procedure problems identified in processes governed by public notices for effective teacher of the Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM) ? Diamantina, MG, starting from the normative resolutions that guide the procedures for the entrance in the career of the Superior Teaching in this institution. Disciplinary Administrative Procedures (ADP), processes of inquiries, University Council meeting minutes, public edicts of contests for teaching that demands resources and its developments (40 papers) and other institutional documents constituted the source of research of this study in order to identify the difficulties or existent gaps between the specific resolutions and the execution of the procedures in the accomplishment of the contests. F?vero (2006); Santos; Cerqueira (2009); Saviani (2008); Amaral (2008), Fowler (2011) and others were the basis of theoretical discussions about the peculiarities of the administration of the superior education, in the context of the administrative and education reforms in Brazil. The period considered for this research were the years 2011 to 2015. The motivation for the theme arose because of the constant doubts from the users of this institution with regard to the high frequency of interference of administrative and judicial resources, annulment of contests and commencement of ADP and, in consequence, the stagnation and lack of commitment with the educational process due to the non use of the educational vacancy. This research was performed starting from a qualitative approach, of basic nature, with exploratory and descriptive objective, specifically, a case study, of bibliographical and documental analysis. Indispensable and preventive procedures are pointed for the effectiveness of the actions during whole the process as results of this analysis: attention to the verification of the public edicts that are received by the collegiate courses for assessment with the constant criteria between the documents; dissemination of the information; technical and professional capacitation of the involved in public tender by the responsible organ; establishment of information management policies accessible to all users. The relevance of this work is justified by the contribution possibility and opportunity of reflections for the practices of administration of UFVJM, longing for the strenghtening and growth of the institution.