Through police co-operation, re-admission agreements, and setting up of detention camps, Italy’s immigration policy tries to delocalise border controls between Europe and North Africa. Italian immigration quotas and development aid should induce countries of origin and transit of migrants to tighten their border controls and cooperate with Italy. Development aid is used by the EU in order to exert pressure on other countries, whereas Libya for instance uses transiting refugees as a diplomatic weapon. On the other hand, relations between Italy and North African countries do not focus on human rights violations taking place in some of these countries.

The author's Magisterarbeit--Universität Freiburg i. Br., 1984. / Includes selections of Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Sarrāj's Uns al-sārī wa-al-sārib min aqṭār al-Maghārib ilá muntahá al-āmāl wa-al-maʼārib wa-sayyid al-aʻājim wa-al-Aʻārib in German translation. Includes indexes. Bibliography: p. 127-133.

No description available.

In this monograph Christopher G. Frechette, S.J. investigates the role of recognition in a humanʼs relationship with the divine. He explores the concept of the šuilla prayer and how it differs from other incantations prayers. In § 1 he discusses first the taxonomy of šuillas, which are classified according to the ritual experts with whom they are related and the languages in which they are recorded.

No description available.

An air force depends on air bases to conduct air operations. Although threats against air bases are extensive, nuanced, and complex, the academic literature on air base ground defence is deficient. Prior research shows that systematic mapping over base defence history is missing and historical factors for success is unknown. In comparison, the literature about air power’s ability to coerce and air power targeting is extensive. A prerequisite to project air power is that the air crafts are not lost on the ground.  The aim of this research is to increase the understanding of air power by develop an initial theory about air base ground defence. By using a hypothesis-deductive methodology, important factors are identified based on prior research. The factors are transformed into hypotheses, operationalized, and tested on two different cases. The analysis verifies, falsifies, or in some cases are not able to state the explanatory value off the hypothesis. The results indicate that depth and early warning are prominent factors for a successful air base ground defence. The theory needs more testing before the explanatory value can be confirmed or falsified for every factor. The role the intelligence service plays in air base ground defence and the study´s delimitations is identified as need for further research to expand and make the initial theory comprehensive.

RWTH, Philosophische Fakultät, Diss--Aachen, 2007.

Univ., Diss.--Düsseldorf, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. 175 - 195.

Texte remanié de: Th.--Strasbourg, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 427-434. Index.

The transition of the North African electricity system towards renewable energy technologies is analyzed in this thesis. Large potentials of photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP) and onshore wind power provide the opportunity to achieve a long-term shift from conventional power sources to a highly interconnected and sustainable electricity system based on renewable energy sources (RES). A multi-dimensional analysis evaluates the economic and technical effects on the electricity market as well as the socio-economic impact on manufacturing and employment caused by the large deployment of renewable energy technologies. The integration of renewable energy (RE) into the electricity system is modeled in a linear optimization model RESlion which minimizes total system costs of the long-term expansion planning and the hourly generation dispatch problem. With this model, the long-term portfolio mix of technologies, their site selection, required transmission capacities and the hourly operation are analyzed. The focus is set on the integration of renewable energy in the electricity systems of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt with the option to export electricity to Southern European countries. The model results of RESlion show that a very equal portfolio mix consisting of PV, CSP and onshore wind power is optimal in long-term scenarios for the electricity system. Until the year 2050, renewable energy sources dominate with over 70% the electricity generation due to their cost competiveness to conventional power sources. In the case of flexible and dispatchable electricity exports to Europe, all three RE technologies are used by the model at a medium cost perspective. The socio-economic impact of the scenarios is evaluated by a decision model (RETMD) for local manufacturing and job creation in the renewable energy sector which is developed by incorporating findings from expert interviews in the RE industry sector. The electricity scenarios are assessed regarding their potential to create local economic impact and local jobs in manufacturing RE components and constructing RE power plants. With 40,000 to 100,000 new jobs in the RE sector of North African countries, scenarios with substantial RE deployment can provide enormous benefits to the labor market and lead to additional economic growth. The deployment of renewable energy sources in North Africa is consequently accelerated and facilitated by finding a trade-off between an optimal technology portfolio from an electricity system perspective and the opportunities through local manufacturing. By developing two model approaches for evaluating the effects of renewable energy technologies in the electricity system and in the industrial sector, this thesis contributes to the literature on energy economics and energy policy for the large-scale integration of renewable energy in North Africa.