Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-12T18:09:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sueanneoliveiraevangelista.pdf: 1524535 bytes, checksum: e37e0577ddbff0348e5cef27fd89b916 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T15:49:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sueanneoliveiraevangelista.pdf: 1524535 bytes, checksum: e37e0577ddbff0348e5cef27fd89b916 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T15:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sueanneoliveiraevangelista.pdf: 1524535 bytes, checksum: e37e0577ddbff0348e5cef27fd89b916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o suporte oferecido pela Coordenadoria Adjunta Pedagógica de Ensino Fundamental II/CDE 3 às escolas sob sua responsabilidade, especificamente acerca da Recuperação Paralela. O interesse pela temática surgiu a partir do monitoramento do rendimento escolar dos alunos, no qual se constatou flutuações nos índices de reprovação nas avaliações internas, principalmente nas disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática do 7º ano, configurando dificuldades de ensino e aprendizagem desses alunos. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi utilizada como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa por meio de um estudo de caso. Os atores investigados na coleta de dados foram os supervisores pedagógicos, gestores, pedagogos, professores de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, pais e alunos, tendo-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados entrevistas e questionários. Para dar subsídios teóricos ao estudo, valeu-se dos aportes de Ribeiro (1991), Quagliato (2000), Yacovenco (2011), dentre outros autores que versam sobre a Recuperação Paralela, seus limites e possibilidades de efetivação. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam divergências na concepção de Recuperação Paralela entre os sujeitos investigados; a falta de sistematização da prática dessa recuperação; e a fragilidade do suporte oferecido pela CAP EF II/ CDE 3 a esse respeito. Com a finalidade de contribuir para a efetividade da Recuperação Paralela nas escolas, propôs-se um plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) que apresenta ações consideradas viáveis de execução, nos âmbitos da SEDUC/AM; da CAP EF II/ CDE 3 e das escolas. O objetivo é a melhoria da prática Recuperação Paralela e, consequentemente, a melhoria da qualidade da educação oferecida nas escolas de EF II da CDE 3. / This thesis aims to analyze the support provided by Teaching Assistant Coordinator of Elementary Education II / CDE 3, the schools under its responsibility, specifically about the parallel recovery. The interest in the this subject come from the monitoring of school’s performance of pupils, where they found diferences in failure rates of the internal evaluations, mainly Portuguese and Math from 7th year, setting difficulties in the learning and teaching of these students. To achieve the proposed objective, the methodology was used as a qualitative approach from that case. The actors investigated in the data collection were educational supervisors, education managers, pedagocical manager, Portuguese and math teachers, parents and students, having as collection instruments, interviews and questionnaires. To give theoretical support to study, used thoeries of Ribeiro (1991), Quagliato (2000), Yacovenco (2011), among other authors who deal with the Recovery Parallel, its limits and effective possibilities. The survey results show differences in the meaning of parallel recovery of the subjects investigated, the lack of systematic practice of PR in schools, and the fragility of the support offered by CAP EF II / CDE 3 in this regard. In order to contribute to the effectiveness of parallel recovery in the schools, proposed three Educational Action Plans (EAPs) that bring actions considered feasible to be implemented in areas of SEDUC / AM, the CAP EF II / CDE 3 and schools in order to improve the practice of parallel recovery, and consequently improving the quality of education offered in secundaries schools of CDE 3.

El presente trabajo de investigación realizó un análisis sobre una serie de infografías digitales de los medios digitales El Comercio y La República que tiene relación con la deflagración de gas en Villa el Salvador. Para lograr este estudio se ha tomado como referencia a distintos autores reconocidos que han trabajado con anterioridad a la infografía en diferentes materias. El propósito de este trabajo es demostrar la importancia de la infografía digital como recurso alternativo visual en productos periodístico o como producto individual. Es así que las siguientes generaciones podrán investigar más sobre la infografía como producto periodístico. De la misma manera, buscamos que otros comunicadores puedan interesarse en el desarrollo de la infografía digital en el panorama informativo peruano. / The present research paper carried out an analysis on a series of digital infographics of the digital media El Comercio and La República that is related to the gas deflagration in Villa el Salvador. To achieve this study, reference has been made to different recognized authors who have previously worked on infographics in different subjects. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of digital infographics as an alternative visual resource in journalistic products or as an individual product. Thus, the next generations will be able to investigate more about infographics as a journalistic product. In the same way, we look for other communicators to be interested in the development of digital infographics in the Peruvian news landscape. / Trabajo de investigación

Les récepteurs de l'adrénomédulline sont fortement exprimés dans les capillaires alvéolaires humains et fournissent une cible moléculaire pour l'imagerie de la circulation et de l'embolie pulmonaire. Au cours des années précédentes, le dérivé DFH12 marqué au 99mTc (PulmoBind) a démontré son potentiel en tant qu'agent d'imagerie SPECT de l'hypertension pulmonaire dans des études cliniques de phase I et II. L’objectif principal de mon projet est de développer le nouvel analogue DFH17 pour l’imagerie TEP des récepteurs de l'adrénomédulline via la méthode de l’Al18F. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un système d’élution semi-automatique a été conçu pour produire l’Al18F concentré directement dans le vial de réaction. En utilisant des tests de complexation avec le chélateur NOTA, des conditions optimales ont été trouvées pour le radiomarquage du DFH17 avec l’Al18F. La combinaison du rapport Al/DFH17 1:3 dans l'éthanol 50% a permis de produire le [18F]AlF-DFH17 avec des puretés radiochimiques et chimiques élevées. Les études TEP avec le [18F]AlF-DFH17 ont démontré un rapport élevé poumon-bruit de fond ainsi qu’une grande stabilité in vivo chez le rat, le chien et le primate. Des captations différenciées dans les poumons des trois espèces ont aussi été détectées par imagerie TEP et leurs différences ont été associées à des variations de la composant RAMP2. Compte tenu de l’importante captation pulmonaire, de la stabilité in vivo et de la dosimétrie favorable, le nouveau dérivé [18F]AlF-DFH17 est un excellent candidat potentiel en tant que traceur TEP des récepteurs adrénomédulline humains. L’expression des récepteurs AT1 de l’angiotensine II est altérée dans plusieurs maladies cardiovasculaires et rénales, telles la défaillance cardiaque, rénale et l’hypertension ainsi que dans certains cancers. Auparavant, le dérivé [11C]méthyl-Candesartan a démontré un potentiel comme agent d'imagerie TEP de l'AT1R rénal mais une proportion élevée du signal TEP correspondait à une liaison non-spécifique d'un radiométabolite hydrophobe. Dans ce travail, l’objectif principal est de développer le nouveau dérivé [18F]fluorobenzyl-Candesartan en utilisant le 4[18F]fluoroiodobenzène ([18F]FIB) avec un profil métabolique et de biodistribution potentiellement meilleurs. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des paramètres réactionnels de fluorination tels que le solvant, la quantité de précurseur, le catalyseur et la température ont été optimisés permettant la radiosynthèse du [18F]FIB avec des rendements et pureté élevés. Ensuite, le couplage du [18F]FIB au dérivé alcyne-trityl-Candesartan a été évalué en utilisant la réaction de Sonogashira suivie d'une détritylation acide. Suite à l’étude de plusieurs conditions de couplage, le rendement de radioconversion a été légèrement augmenté en utilisant le catalyseur Pd(PPh3)4/CuI et K2CO3 comme base. Les meilleures conditions de fluorination et de couplage ont été automatisées pour le module de synthèse Synthra® RNPlus Research. La production du [18F]FB-Candesartan été atteinte avec de faibles rendements et activités molaires en raison de la formation d’impuretés ayant des structures et temps de rétention par HPLC similaires à ceux de notre traceur. Des études supplémentaires afin d'améliorer le rendement, la purification par HPLC et l'activité molaire se sont avérées infructueuses pour l’instant. D’autres expériences devront être effectuées à cette fin. En conclusion, l'utilisation de la réaction de Sonogashira pour produire le [18F]FB-Candersartan avec des rendements et des activités molaires élevées s'est avérée difficile. / Adrenomedullin receptors are highly expressed in human alveolar capillaries and provide a molecular target for imaging the integrity of pulmonary microcirculation. In previous years, the 99mTc-labeled DFH12 derivative (PulmoBind) demonstrated its potential as a SPECT imaging agent of pulmonary hypertension in phase I and II clinical trials. In this work, we aimed to develop a NOTA-derivatized adrenomedullin analog (DFH17), radiolabeled with aluminum fluoride ([18F]AlF), for PET imaging of pulmonary microcirculation. To achieve this goal, highly concentrated [18F](AlF)2+ was produced from purified 18F using a semi-automatic system. Using inexpensive complexation assays with NOTA, optimal conditions at each step of the process were determined facilitating the radiolabeling optimization of DFH17. Furthermore, combining the Al-to-DFH17 1:3 ratio in 50% ethanol as co-solvent, allowed [18F]AlF-DFH17 production in high radiochemical and chemical purities. PET/CT and biodistribution demonstrated high [18F]AlF-DFH17 lung-to-background ratio and in vivo stability in rats, dog and primate. Contrasted inter-species uptake in the lungs associated with variations of RAMP2 were also detected by PET imaging. Considering high lung uptake, in vivo stability and favorable dosimetry observed in the monkey, the novel AM derivative [18F]AlF-DFH17 exhibits an excellent potential as a PET tracer of human AM receptors. Alterations of the expression levels of AT1R has been linked to cardiac and renal diseases, such as cardiac and renal failures, hypertension and some type of cancers. Previously, [11C]methyl-Candesartan displayed potential for PET imaging of AT1Rs, but a high proportion of PET signal corresponded to non-specific binding from a 11C-labeled hydrophobic metabolite. In this work, the main objective was to develop the novel derivative [18F]fluorobenzyl-Candesartan, with potentially better metabolic profile and biodistribution, using 4-[18F]fluoroidobenzene ([18F]FIB) as prosthetic group. To pursue this goal, radiofluorination parameters such as solvent, amount of precursor, type of catalyst and temperature were optimized to reliably synthesize [18F]FIB in high yield and purity. Coupling of [18F]FIB to the alkyne-trityl-Candesartan was evaluated using the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction followed by an acid deprotection. After studying several Pd-cross-coupling conditions, the radioconversion yield was slightly increased by means of a Pd(PPh3)4/CuI catalyst and K2CO3 as base in DMF. Therefore, the best reaction conditions for [18F]FIB fluorination and its coupling to alkyne-Candesartan followed by an acid hydrolysis, was fully automated for Synthra® RNPlus Research synthesis module. In general, the synthesis of [18F]FB-Candesartan was achieved in low yields and molar activities due to the formation of structurally-close by-product(s) with similar HPLC retention time. Additional studies to further improve the yield, HPLC purification and molar activity (MA) have been unsuccessful. Other experiments will need to be performed to this end. In conclusion, the use of Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction to produce [18F]FB-Candesartan in high yields and molar activities was found to be challenging.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o debate sobre políticas de accountability educacional através da avaliação do programa cearense Prêmio Escola Nota Dez. Para tal, partimos do referencial da teoria democrática e da administração pública sob o prisma dos fundamentos de teoria social de Coleman visando construir uma abordagem analítica capaz de considerar não apenas os objetivos e resultados da política, mas seu contexto e tipos de incentivos, em um modelo de ação que leve em conta os agentes, recursos que dispõem e ações que empreenderam ao nível micro e que se agregam para modificar a realidade ao nível macro. Sendo um de dois sistemas de incentivos do PAIC - Programa Alfabetização na Idade Certa, o prêmio busca incrementar o desempenho do sistema escolar promovendo competição entre escolas por uma premiação dada às 150 primeiras de acordo com um ranking. Para moderar possíveis danos desta competição à equidade do sistema, o programa provê também um apoio, como forma de compensação, ás 150 escolas pior posicionadas. Além disso, tenta integrar as escolas beneficiadas em relações de cooperação, na qual as premiadas devem ajudar as apoiadas a cumprir suas metas. Utilizando-se de dados da Prova Brasil e do SPAECE, realizamos um estudo de série temporal com objetivo de avaliar os impactos líquidos do prêmio em relação à outras ações no âmbito do PAIC. Embora preliminares, os resultados indicam impactos em língua portuguesa no SPAECE, mas que não se reproduzem em matemática ou na Prova Brasil. No que diz respeito à equidade, observou-se que a estabilização dos indicadores de equidade da rede coincidiu com a introdução do prêmio. Mensuramos também os impactos dos incentivos pagos às escolas por meio de análise de regressão descontinua e observamos que os ganhos das escolas premiadas se concentraram na avaliação de disputa do prêmio, enquanto que os das escolas apoiadas se concentraram na avaliação de cumprimento de metas. No que diz respeito à equidade, os ganhos das escolas premiadas no SPAECE foram alcançados com aumento do percentual de alunos em nível adequado, porém com aumento da desigualdade interna, enquanto que os ganhos das escolas apoiadas indicam melhoria da equidade e aumento do percentual de alunos no nível adequado. Enquanto os efeitos positivos para as escolas apoiadas continuam a ocorrer ao longo do ciclo do prêmio, os ganhos das escolas premiadas parecem ser conjunturais e restritos à avaliação em que ocorre a competição. Por fim, concluímos que a maior lição que nos mostra o Estado do Ceará é que não basta um programa de bonificação ou distribuição de recursos: uma visão integrada que busque coordenar as ações entre agentes em diversos níveis institucionais e entes federativos pode ser um dos fatores decisivos para o sucesso das políticas cearenses. / [en] The objective of this is to contribute to the discussion about educational accountability policies through the evaluation of the program Prêmio Escola Nota Dez in the Brazilian state of Ceará. Therefore, our references como from Democratic Theory and Public Management, in the perspective of Coleman s Social Theory. Our aim is building an analytical approach able to consider the policies objectives and results, as well as its context and types of bonus, focusing on an action model that considers the agents, the resources they have and the actions they implement in a micro perspective that turns into a macro social change. There are two rewarding systems in the program Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PAIC in portuguese), and Escola Nota Dez Award is oneof them. It aims on increasing the performance of the school system by promoting competition among schools for an award given to the first 150 ones according to ranking. In order to control possible damages coming from this competition that could affect system equity, the program also provides a support, as a way of compensation, to the 150 worst-off schools in the ranking. Therefore, it tries to integrate the benefited schools into cooperative relations, in which the awarded schools must help the supported ones to fulfill their goals. Using dta from Prova Brasil and from the Basic Education Permanent Evaluation System of Ceará State (SPAECE in portuguese), we have conducted a time series analysis focusing on the impacts of this award in relation to other actions of PAIC. Even preliminary, the results indicate impacts on portuguese outcomes in SPAECE, but they do not show up in mathematics or on Prova Brasil. It was also observed that the stabilization of equity indicators of the educational system coincided with the time when the award was established. We have also measured the impacts of the prize paid to schools through the analysis of regression discontinuity, and we have observed that the benefits for the awarded schools focused on the evaluation of the competition for the prize, while the supported schools focused on assessing the goals achievement. Concerning equity, the achiavements of the awarded schools in SPAECE were accomplished in inequality inside the schools, while the achievements of the supported schools indicate an improvement in equity and an increase in the percentage of students at the satisfactory level. The positive effects for the supported schools continue to occur throughout the period of the award, while the benefits for the awarded schools seem to be temporary and restricted to the time of the competition. Finally, we conclud that the greatest lesson that Ceará state shows us is that a program of bonuses or resources distribution is not enough - an integrated vision that focuses on coordinating action among agents at different institutional levels and federative entities may be one of decisive factors for the succes of Ceará s policies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Fogaca Rodrigues Maricato.pdf: 989468 bytes, checksum: de41ec975ceb7c2a7b00c23a6a3f073d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / The doctoral thesis we present the Examining Board of the Graduate Program in Tax Law aims at the analysis of the impacts of computerization in the instrumental duty tax, recording tax credit, decadence and prescription and tax proof. Our goal is to study the main impacts caused by the insertion of new technologies that are being required compulsorily by the taxpayer for fulfillment of tax obligations to the Treasury. We aim to demonstrate that all this power implemented through the SPED violates the principle of tax law and that these changes in order to comply with the duty will entail impacts instrumental in setting up the tax legal fact, in terms of decay and prescription tax and means test. Therefore, we adopted the philosophical constructivism, logic semantic, also called analytic hermeneutic that has its own method, it is logical semantic because it studies the object from the language perspective. The language in this case constitutes the reality and without language the object is unknown. Therefore, our study is guided in the changes brought about in the line of duty instrumental with technological advancement, and the computer has influenced the establishment of the tax legal fact, building new legal reality. We analyzed the impacts brought by technological advances in performance of instrumental duty. As any scientific work, the premises will be listed in the first chapter, so that there is full understanding of the language they want to build / Pós-Graduação em Direito Tributário tem por objeto a análise dos impactos da informatização fiscal no dever instrumental, na constituição do crédito tributário, na decadência e prescrição e na prova tributária. Nosso objetivo é estudar os principais impactos causados pela inserção de novas tecnologias que vêm sendo exigidas do contribuinte de forma compulsória para cumprimento dos deveres instrumentais tributários à Fazenda Pública, denominada informatização fiscal. Demonstraremos que todo esse avanço tecnológico implementado através do SPED viola o princípio da legalidade tributária e que essas alterações na forma de cumprimento do dever instrumental acarretarão impactos na constituição do fato jurídico tributário, nos prazos de decadência e prescrição e nos meios de prova tributária. Para isto, procuramos, adotamos a corrente filosófica do constructivismo, lógico-semântico, também chamado de analítico-hermenêutico, que tem um método próprio; é lógico-semântico porque parte da linguagem, estuda o objeto a partir da linguagem, que aqui constitui a realidade e sem a qual não conhecemos o objeto. Portanto, nosso estudo se pauta nas mudanças trazidas no cumprimento do dever instrumental com o avanço tecnológico, e como a informática tem influenciado na constituição do fato jurídico tributário, construindo novas realidades jurídicas. Como todo trabalho científico, as premissas serão listadas logo no primeiro capítulo, para que haja completa compreensão da linguagem que se quer construir

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EugeniaMA_DISSERT.pdf: 1169428 bytes, checksum: 02b1b65125dbfbeca02688a54f35fccf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This research work is focused to show the changes in educational administration from the agreements between the Mossor? / RN and the Ayrton Senna Institute IAS, for education provision. Nowadays, the partnership policy is a constitutive element of the reform of the Brazilian State, which dropped its action on social policies and to strengthen its regulatory role, encouraging private participation in planning, preparation and implementation of public policies, new printing setting the political-social. In this context, the 10 Note Management Programme, developed by the IAS, is part of the neoliberal logic of modernization of public school systems, focusing on results and developing strategies for control and regulation of schools work and its efficiency, effectiveness and greater productivity. The 10 Note focuses on two dimensions: the management of learning and teaching in networking, in a managerial perspective to overcome the culture of failure (expressed as age-grade, dropout and repetition rates in) and implantation of culture of success (as measured in the improvement of the indices). To understanding the process, we have delimited as the object of study, the process of implementing them mentioned program in the city, which its objective is to analyze implications for the school community from the perspective of democratic management, adopting the dimensions of autonomy and participation in institutional processes as a criterion of analysis. From a methodological point of view, the survey was conducted from a literature review and documentary about educational policy developed in the country since the 1990?s, seeking to understand, in a dialectical perspective, the political dimensions of teaching, training and performance of the subjects involved in the school work. Besides the empirical observation, it was also used semi-structured interviews with a methodological tool for gathering information and opinions about the partnership and the implementation of the 10 Note Management Program in the county. The interviewee participants were ex-former education managers, coordinators, school managers, secretaries and teachers. Regarding the dimensions inside the analysis (autonomy and participation), the research led to the conclusion: that GEED, under the guidance of IAS promoted regulation of school autonomy, set up the selection process for exercising the office of school administration and system awards to schools, pupils and teachers, subject to results, there is mismatch between the managerial logic and the democratic management principles, that the ideological discourse of modernization of municipal management coexists with traditional practices, centralizing patronage, which ignores the democratic participation in the school decisions processes, the goals of the partnership were partially achieved, since that the city has improved over the approval and dropouts, although the approval of the Education Municipal Plan of the rules institutional (administrative, financial and educational) and the creation of the Councils observed that the school community participation is still limited, not being characterized as a coordinated intervention, capable of promoting the transformation and improvement its quality in the county. In the same way, the orientation of networking is a limit to the autonomy of schools, given the external definition of goals and strategies to be adopted, along with pressure exerted through the accountability of each school community for their achievements / Este trabalho se constitui num estudo sobre as mudan?as ocorridas na gest?o educacional a partir das parcerias firmadas entre o munic?pio de Mossor?/RN e o Instituto Ayrton Senna-IAS para a oferta educacional. Na contemporaneidade, a pol?tica de parcerias ? parte constitutiva da reforma do Estado brasileiro, que diminuiu sua atua??o relativa ?s pol?ticas sociais e, ao fortalecer seu papel regulador, incentiva a participa??o do setor privado no planejamento, elabora??o e execu??o das pol?ticas p?blicas, imprimindo nova configura??o ao cen?rio pol?tico-social. Nesse contexto, o programa Gest?o Nota 10, desenvolvido pelo IAS, insere-se na l?gica neoliberal de moderniza??o dos sistemas p?blicos de ensino, focalizando os resultados e desenvolvendo estrat?gias de controle e regula??o do trabalho escolar em vista da efici?ncia, da efic?cia e da maior produtividade. O Gest?o Nota 10 est? centrado em duas dimens?es: na gest?o da aprendizagem e do ensino e no trabalho em rede, numa perspectiva gerencial de supera??o da cultura do fracasso (expressa na distor??o idade-s?rie, na evas?o e na repet?ncia) e de implanta??o da cultura do sucesso (expressa na melhoria dos ?ndices). Para a compreens?o desse processo, delimitamos, como objeto de estudo, o processo de implementa??o desse programa no munic?pio. O objetivo ? analisar suas implica??es para a comunidade escolar sob a ?tica da gest?o democr?tica, adotando as dimens?es da autonomia e da participa??o nos processos institucionais como crit?rio de an?lise. Do ponto de vista metodol?gico, a pesquisa foi realizada a partir de uma revis?o bibliogr?fica e documental sobre a pol?tica educacional desenvolvida no pa?s desde os anos 1990, buscando entender, numa perspectiva dial?tica, as dimens?es pol?tico-pedag?gicas, de forma??o e de atua??o dos sujeitos envolvidos no trabalho escolar. Al?m da observa??o emp?rica, utilizamos as entrevistas semi-estruturadas com instrumento metodol?gico de levantamento das informa??es e opini?es acerca da parceria e da implementa??o do Gest?o Nota 10 no munic?pio. Fizeram parte da pesquisa ex-gerentes de educa??o, coordenadores, gestor escolar, secret?rios e professores. Em rela??o ?s dimens?es privilegiadas na an?lise (autonomia e participa??o), a pesquisa permitiu constatar: que a GEED, sob a orienta??o do IAS, promoveu a regulamenta??o da autonomia escolar, instituiu o processo seletivo para o exerc?cio do cargo de dire??o escolar e o sistema de premia??o ?s escolas, aos alunos e aos professores,condicionada a resultados; que h? incompatibilidade entre a l?gica gerencial e a o princ?pio da gest?o democr?tica; que o discurso ideol?gico de moderniza??o da gest?o municipal coexiste com pr?ticas tradicionais, centralizadoras e clientelistas, que prescindem da participa??o democr?tica nas decis?es relativas aos processos escolares; que os objetivos da parceria foram parcialmente alcan?ados, visto que os dados do munic?pio melhoraram em rela??o ? aprova??o e ? evas?o escolar. N?o obstante a aprova??o do Plano Municipal de Educa??o, a regulamenta??o da autonomia institucional (administrativa, financeira e pedag?gica) e a cria??o de Conselhos, observamos que a participa??o da comunidade escolar ainda ? muito limitada, n?o se caracterizando como uma interven??o articulada, capaz de promover a transforma??o e a melhoria da qualidade educacional no munic?pio. Neste mesmo sentido, a orienta??o de trabalho em rede representa um limite para a autonomia das escolas, haja vista a defini??o externa de metas e estrat?gias a serem adotadas, al?m da press?o exercida atrav?s da responsabiliza??o de cada comunidade escolar pelos resultados alcan?ados

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 166831.pdf: 1389320 bytes, checksum: e2c928f913844c7ae94080cb89a5c179 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-09T00:00:00Z / As administrações públicas contemporâneas vêm sofrendo diversas formas de pressão para que promovam a modernização de suas estruturas e serviços, provenientes não somente da própria sociedade, mas também derivadas das crises fiscais que assolaram diversos países nas últimas décadas. Uma das opções dos governos a fim de atender a essa demanda está no uso do potencial das tecnologias de informação e de comunicação em prol de melhores serviços ao cidadão e numa maior eficiência do aparato estatal. Esse movimento contemporâneo, associado principalmente ao advento da computação pessoal e da Internet, tem sido chamado Governo Eletrônico (e-Gov). Uma das suas ações relaciona-se à construção de serviços eletrônicos que integrem diversas agências governamentais em formato colaborativo. Entretanto, projetos de e-Gov que demandam esse grau de integração possuem complexidade de implementação aparentemente maior que projetos tradicionais, o que se reflete nos baixos índices de sucesso encontrados mundialmente. Existem hoje metodologias e frameworks de gestão de projetos disponíveis e consolidados no mercado, tal como o provido pelo Project Management Institute – PMI, por meio do Project Management Body of Knowledge – PMBOK, publicação que representa uma agregação dos conhecimentos dos mais de 230.000 profissionais associados ao PMI, principalmente nos aspectos conhecidos como 'boas práticas'. Ele é aceito como um padrão de gestão de projetos pelo ANSI – American National Standards Institute e pelo Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE (PMI, 2007). A questão que esta pesquisa procura explorar é a identificação das boas práticas na gestão de projetos de e-Gov multi-agências. Para isso, baseou-se no modelo proposto pelo PMBOK, considerado pela literatura como um framework abrangente e de grande reconhecimento (LEITE, 2004). A partir dessa análise, procurou-se identificar quais foram os fatores mais relevantes para o sucesso do projeto e como foram geridos pela equipe participante. Com esse intuito, essa pesquisa apresenta um estudo em profundidade do projeto Nota Fiscal Eletrônica – NF-e do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, projeto de e-Gov que possui integração nacional entre múltiplas agências (seis Administrações Tributárias Estaduais, Receita Federal e dezenove grandes empresas) e grande complexidade técnica e de gestão. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o apoio da alta administração, a criação de um relacionamento de confiança, a participação de empresas no projeto, a alta capacidade das equipes envolvidas, a definição de um escopo viável e a utilização de padrões abertos são fatores que colaboram significativamente para o sucesso de projetos como a NF-e. / Contemporary public administrations have been suffering several ways of pressure to promote their structures and services modernization, and such pressures arise not only from society itself, but also derive from fiscal crisis that have ravaged several countries in the last few decades. One of governments options to meet that demand lies in the potential use of information and communication technology for the benefit of better service to citizens and greater state apparatus efficiency. This contemporary movement, particularly connected with personal computing and the Internet arrival, has been called Electronic Government (e-Gov). One of its actions relates to building government electronic services that integrate several government agencies in a collaborative format. However, e-Gov projects demanding integration to this degree have an implementation complexity that is greater than traditional projects, which reflects on low success rates worldwide. Nowadays there are project management methodologies and frameworks available and consolidated in the market, such as the one provided by the Project Management Institute – PMI, through the Project Management Body of Knowledge – PMBOK. PMBOK is a publication that represents the collected knowledge from over 230,000 PMI-associate professionals, mainly in those aspects known as 'good practices'. PMBOK is accepted as a project management standard by ANSI – American National Standards Institute and by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE (PMI, 2007). The issue this research tries to explore is good practices identification in multi-agency e-Gov project management. To this end, it was based on the model proposed by PMBOK, which literature considers to be a comprehensive and largely recognized framework (LEITE, 2004). From that analysis, the present work sought to identify which factors were most relevant to project success and how such factors were managed by the team involved. For this purpose, the present research presents an in-depth study of Nota Fiscal Eletrônica - NF-e (Electronic Invoice) project, developed by São Paulo’s state government in Brazil, a project with a nationwide integration of multiple agencies (six State Tax Administrations, the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service and nineteen large companies) and a major technical and management complexity. The results that were found suggest that support from high administration, the creation of a trust relationship, companies participation in the project, involved teams’ high capacity, a viable goal definition and open standards utilization are critical success factors that create very positive impacts in projects such as NF-e.