Ten healthy young females (age 22.3 ± 0.2 y, V0₂ₘₐₓ > 40 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) volunteered to participate in a randomized, double-blinded study that examined the effect of both (A) the timing of PRO/CHO/FAT supplementation, pre- and post-endurance exercise, and (B), extra-energy supplementation ( ~ 400 kcal) on indices of protein metabolism. Each subject completed each of three, 7-day supplementation trials conducted at least 1 week apart: a pre-exercise trial (PRE), a post-exercise (PO) trial, and a post-exercise with extra energy (POE) trial. All females were eumenorheic and tested during the early (days 4-7), middle (days 8-11 ), and late (days 12-14) periods of the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Subjects were weighed prior to and following each trial to determine weight loss. During each trial, subjects would consume a checklist diet (days 1-3) and a prepackaged diet (days 4-6) that were isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and matched for diet composition (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) to the individual's habitual dietary intake. Subjects cycled at 65% V0₂ₘₐₓ for 1 hr, according to their target heart rate on Days 1,3, and 4 and for 1.5 hrs on Day 6 with Days 2 and 5 being rest days. Expired gas and blood samples were collected on Day 6 during exercise (t=0,30,60,90 min) and post exercise for 2 hrs (Blood t=30,60,90,120, Gas t=10,20,30,45,60,90,120 min). On Day 5, expired gas samples were collected post- supplement consumption at the same timepoints as Day 6. 24 h-urine collections were performed on Days 5 and 6. A 75% V0₂ₘₐₓ performance ride to exhaustion was performed in a fasted state on the morning of Day 7. During each trial, subjects had consumed their daily meals at regular intervals by 1500 h prior to the exercise bout (1600 h). In the PRE trial, a PL can+ PRO/CHO/FAT Supplement (Results® + 0.5 g·kg CHO powder[Gatorade®]) was consumed with breakfast (BKFT), and a PL Supplement (I can+ powder) was consumed immediately following the cessation of exercise. In the PO trial, a PL Supplement (2 cans+ powder) was taken at BKFT and the PRO/CHO/F AT Supplement was consumed post-exercise. The POE trial was identical to the PO trial with the exception that subjects received an extra 400 kcal of energy·d-1 at BKFT (Boost®-250 kcal and an extra 150 kcal CHO powder). During the POE checklist diet (Days 1-3), the extra energy was given by the addition of extra items to their daily food consumption. Although plasma estrogen levels were significantly higher during the PO trial (P <0.05), plasma progesterone levels were not significantly different between trials, and both hormones indicated that subjects were in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Significant main effects for time occured in which hematocrit, sodium, potassium, and lactate were observed to increase during exercise and decrease post-exercise. Glucose concentration increase was signiciant for time (P < 0.01) increasing post-exercise after consumption of the supplement. Significant main effects for insulin were observed across time (P < 0.000001) and for trial (P < 0.01) with the POE trial having the largest post-exercise insulin response. No significant differences were observed between the three trials for urinary creatinine (g·24 h⁻¹) and urea (g·24 h⁻¹ and g·g Cr⁻¹). Day 6 urinary 3-methylhistidine (μmol·g Cr⁻¹) was significantly different between trials (POE>PO>PRE)(P < 0.01). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between trials for resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, thermic effect of exercise, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. However, on Day 5, Apparent Nitrogen Balance trended toward signifcance for trial (P=0.086) becoming significant on Day 6 (P <0.005) wherein POE and PO trials were positive and PRE trial was negative. There was a trend towards increased performance times when comparing the POE and PO trials versus the PRE trial (P =0.074). Furthermore, weight loss was significantly lower with post-exercise supplementation (POE<PO<PRE)(P < 0.01). This study suggests that the protein balance of females regularly engaging in endurance activity may benefit from immediate nutritional supplementation following exercise. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

Bakgrund: Trycksår är ett stort problem för patienter och en enorm kostnad för samhället. Sjuksköterskan har ansvar att förebygga att dessa uppstår och hjälpa sårläkningen. Att sår och nutrition har ett samband har länge varit omdiskuterat. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka om läkningen av trycksår kan påverkas av oral nutritionsbehandling. Metod: Studiens metod var en deskriptiv litteraturöversikt där tio artiklar inkluderades och analyserades. Sökning efter artiklar gjordes i PubMed och Cinahl. Vid urval av artiklar lästes sammanfattningar och inklusions- och exklusionskriterier jämfördes mot den aktuella studiens kriterier. Inkluderade artiklar i litteraturöversikten lästes utförligt, analyserades och kategoriserades. Resultat: I de analyserade studierna återfanns resultat som visat på att oral nutritionsbehandling ger signifikant förbättring av trycksårens läkning. Sammanfattningsvis kan oral nutritionsbehandling påverka läkningen av trycksår. Det är oklart hur och på vilket sätt interventionerna påverkar läkningen. Ett samband kunde ses mellan de interventioner som innehöll arginin och zink. Dessa näringsämnen kan potentiellt påverka läkningen positivt. Slutsats: Enligt den här litteraturöversikten kan förbättrad läkning av trycksår ses i samband oral nutritionsbehandling. Dock finns ingen evidens och ytterligare forskning behövs inom området. / Background: Pressure ulcers are a big problem for patients and a huge cost for the tax-paying society. Nurses have a responsibility to prevent the ulcers from emerging and help with the wound healing. A correlation between wounds and nutrition has been debated. Objective: The objective with this overview was to see if the healing of pressure ulcers can be affected by oral nutritional interventions. Method: The method of this study was descriptive literature overview and ten articles were included and analyzed. Original articles were searched for in PubMed and Cinahl. To find the articles needed the abstracts were read and the inclusion- and exclusion criteria were compared to the present study’s criteria. The included articles in the overview were read thoroughly, analyzed and categorized. Result: In the studies that were analyzed there were results that showed that oral nutrition interventions give a significantly improved healing of the pressure ulcers. In summary, oral nutrition interventions can affect the healing of pressure ulcers. It is unclear how and which way the interventions may affect the healing. A correlation between the interventions containing arginine and zinc could be seen. These nutrients can potentially affect the healing of the ulcers positively. Conclusion: According to this literature overview improved healing of ulcers can be seen in combination with oral nutrition interventions. However no evidence was found and more research is needed in this area.

Bakgrund: Trycksår är vanligt förekommande inom vården. En koppling har gjorts mellan försämrad nutritionsstatus och ökad risk för trycksår. Ett sätt att påverka näringsstatusen kan vara att ge näringstillskott och genom detta indirekt påverka läkningen av trycksår, detta omvårdnadsansvar ligger hos sjuksköterskan. Ett problem kan dock vara att kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor gällande näringstillskott kan variera. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva näringstillskotts effekt på läkningen av trycksår. Metod: Studien gjordes som en litteraturöversikt (n=10) baserade på kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att de flesta näringstillskott hade positiv effekt på läkningen av trycksår. Tillskott i form av arginin, vitamin C och zink i kombination och hydrolyserat protein gav en förbättrad sårläkning. Tillskott i form av fiskolja visade ingen signifikant förbättring. Slutsats: Näringstillskott innehållande arginin, vitamin C och zink och i kombination har visat sig kunna påverka läkningsprocessen vid trycksår positivt. Studier visar dock att kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor gällande näringens roll i vården är bristande. Skulle detta bero på att informationen är svårförståelig, hoppas vi att den föreliggande studien kan bidra till ökat intresse och kunskap kring näringstillskotts effekt på läkningen av trycksår. / Background: Pressure ulcers are common in health care. A connection has been made between poor nutritional status and pressure ulcers. One way of affecting the nutritional status could be by giving nutritional supplements and by this affect the healing of pressure ulcers positively. The registered nurse is responsible of providing this care. An issue could be the lack of knowledge regarding nutritional supplements. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional supplements effect on pressure ulcer healing. Method: The study was executed as a literature review (n=10) based on quantitative studies. Result: The result of the study showed that most of the nutritional supplements have had a positive effect. Supplements such as arginine, vitamin C and zinc in combination and hydrolysated protein gave an improved wound healing. The supplement containing fish oil showed no significant improvements. Conclusion: Nutritional supplements containing arginine, vitamin C and zinc showed a positive effect on the healing of pressure ulcers. Studies show that nurses’ knowledge regarding nutrition in ulcer care is incomplete. If the reason behind this is that the information is difficult to understand our hope is that this study will make it easier to learn more about nutritional supplements, what supplements that should be used and its role in pressure ulcer care.

Background Empirical research on how and why nutritional supplements (including vitamin/mineral supplements and herbal supplements) are being taken by middle-income populations in South Africa is lacking. This study quantifies the types of nutritional supplements being taken. It unpacks beliefs regarding benefits and risks. This information is useful for healthcare practitioners in similar settings as it could affect their practice of history taking and alert practitioners to the need to know more about nutritional supplement benefits and risks. The information could be used to influence policy regarding advertising and labelling of nutritional supplements. Method The study was a cross-sectional survey. An anonymous self-completed structured questionnaire was completed by 123 participants attending a medical centre during the data collection period. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 16 participants to gather qualitative information. Results Nutritional supplements were widely taken in this questionnaire sample (59%). Consumption was not related to age, language, ethnic group, education and smoking, but nutritional supplements were more commonly used by women and higher income groups. Women who felt they had fair/poor health, women with chronic medical conditions, especially those with depression or women on chronic prescription medication were more likely to take nutritional supplements than those without these characteristics. Wellness, treating tiredness and short-term disease prevention were the most common reasons for taking the supplements, although research proving these benefits is lacking. Chronic disease prevention was an uncommon reason for consumption. Participants were mostly unaware of possible drug interactions and side-effects and therefore felt it unnecessary to inform their practitioner of consumption habits. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should include a nutritional supplement question in their routine history taking, especially when prescribing chronic medication and in the presence of chronic conditions. They should be knowledgeable regarding efficacy, safety, possible side-effects and drug interactions of commonly consumed nutritional supplements in order to advise patients appropriately. Further empirical research is needed into proven benefits of nutritional supplements.

Improving the nutritional status of hospitalized patients has been shown to reduce length of stay (LOS), hospital costs, readmission rates, complication rates, and mortality. Provision of nutrient-rich, liquid, oral nutrition supplements (ONS) is one approach to improving nutritional status. ONS use has been associated with improved outcomes among patients with diagnoses of orthopedic injuries and pressure ulcers, mainly using prospective designs among elderly and/or malnourished patients. Less information is available for other diagnoses, and no analysis of the effects of ONS could be found that considered the epidemiological triad of person, place, and time. This study used a quantitative, retrospective design to examine whether routine ONS use was associated with hospital length of stay (LOS) among 570 adult inpatients at a regional medical center diagnosed with heart failure, adjusting for significant personal, locational, and time variables. It was unique in the inclusion of epidemiological triad variables. Using multiple logistic regression to control for covariates, ONS use was associated with higher LOS in this sample (odds ratio=2.43). High LOS was also associated with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) values, discharge destination, White ethnicity, female gender, and hospital room location. This study is expected to contribute to positive social change by helping inform hospital staff on factors affecting patient outcomes and LOS, and highlighting the need for continued research on interventions to improve care in hospitals.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shirley Alcolumbre Goncalves Oliveira.pdf: 1469200 bytes, checksum: ff14371aa03bf80dfaaa3b65e44e42fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-28 / Alterações fisiológicas decorrentes da fase idosa podem ser prejudicadas por fatores extrínsecos dentre eles a alimentação inadequada. As fibras, encontradas em frutos, verduras e cereais integrais, são substâncias bioativas essenciais ao bom funcionamento do organismo e à prevenção de doenças, e sua ingestão inadequada, geralmente, acarreta no desenvolvimento e agravamento de doenças crônicas. Alimentos regionais como frutos podem ser utilizados para atender as necessidades diárias de ingestão de fibras (25-35g), mas algumas vezes são menos valorizados em prol de alimentos compostos basicamente por carboidratos. Dessa forma, a fim de conhecer o perfil do idoso do amazonas e contribuir para as necessidades diárias de ingestão de fibras, objetivou-se avaliar o perfil alimentar, nutricional e de saúde dos idosos atendidos nos CAIMI´s e elaborar complementos alimentares que contenham alimentos regionais e sejam de fácil consumo por idosos. Foram aplicados questionários com perguntas fechadas e de frequência de consumo alimentar (QFCA), cálculo do IMC e elaboração de produtos a base de farinha de pupunha e polpa de cubiu, os quais foram submetidos a análise sensorial e de composição química. Para a formulação do complemento a partir de frutos de pupunha foi elaborada a farinha de pupunha seguindo-se as etapas de recepção, seleção, lavagem, sanitização, cocção, resfriamento, retirada das sementes, moagem, desidratação e trituração. A partir da farinha de pupunha foram elaboradas quatro formulações com diferentes proporções de farinha, linhaça e farelo de trigo. As formulações foram submetidas ao teste de preferência e a de maior preferência foi avaliada quanto à composição química, nutricional, sensorial. Para elaboração de estruturado de cubiu a polpa do fruto foi obtida após descasque químico (hidróxido de sódio 2,5%) e analisada quanto a acidez, pH, sólidos solúveis e coloração. Para a estruturação foram utilizados alginato de sódio, pectina e gelatina e planejamento experimental 23 com variação nas quantidades destes hidrocolóides. Os estruturados foram avaliados quanto ao pH, sólidos solúveis, coloração, textura e atividade de água, e quatro formulações foram selecionadas para análise de aceitação e intenção de compra. Quase metade (48,78%) idosos atendidos se encontra com sobrepeso, o que provavelmente está relacionado a alimentação deficiente de fibras alimentares e com alto consumo de carboidratos, ao aumento da prevalência de constipação intestinal e desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, sobretudo hipertensão arterial (58,54%) e diabetes (24,39%). Dos complementos a partir da farinha de pupunha, aquele que tinha 60% de farinha, 20% de semente de linhaça e 20% de farelo de trigo mostrou-se como o de melhor aceitação pelos idosos e a maioria destes apontaram que certamente ou provavelmente comprariam se o produto estivesse disponível no mercado. Os produtos elaborados a partir da estruturação da polpa de cubiu apresentaram altas médias de aceitação, e o com 0,32g% pectina, 1,0g% alginato e 23,5g% gelatina, apresentou textura menos rígida (296g) e maior preferência, com intenção de compra pela maior parte dos avaliadores. A composição nutricional indica um alimento com alto teor de proteínas (10,59 g%) e baixo valor energético (232,39 Kcal). Os complementos podem servir como alternativa para inclusão da dieta dos idosos do Amazonas, pois tem como base alimentos produzidos na região e utilização de tecnologias simples. As informações nutricionais são essenciais para estabelecer práticas de monitoramento e direcionar intervenções adequadas e específicas para garantir a boa saúde e qualidade de vida do idoso do Amazonas

Según el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), la anemia constituye un problema de salud pública, la cual afecta a niños especialmente en situaciones de pobreza. Sin embargo, una inadecuada alimentación, a partir de grasas, proteínas vacías y carbohidratos puede llevar a infantes de cualquier edad a sufrir de dicha enfermedad. Para hacer frente a dicha enfermedad, muchas familias complementan la alimentación de sus hijos con vitaminas, las cuales tienen diversas fuentes. En la actualidad, el descubrimiento y puesta en valor de las propiedades nutricionales del cushuro, animan a presentar un producto a partir de dicha alga. Kumi Gomitas, es un suplemento nutricional, no golosina, diseñado especialmente para niños, a partir del extracto de cushuro, un alga de las regiones alto andinas, ricas en proteínas y hierro. Kumi Gomitas además se encuentra enriquecidas con camu camu como fuente de vitamina C y endulzado con miel de abeja. Kumi Gomitas, será vendido principalmente en supermercados, tiendas de conveniencia y cadenas de farmacias. La evaluación financiera, muestra que el proyecto es sensible ante cambios en el precio, ya que ante ligeros cambios en los precios (-13%) el proyecto deja generar beneficios, de igual forma al aumentar en precio del cushuro S/ 40.85. Finalmente, concluimos que el proyecto Kumi Gomitas, es viable y esto se ve reflejado a través de la evaluación económica, que da como resultado un VPN para los inversionistas de S/125,699 y una TIR de 23.91%. Asimismo, el proyecto tiene bajo riesgo, porque la inversión se logra recuperar en 2.45 años. / According to the Ministry of Health (MINSA), anemia constitutes a public health problem, which affects children in situations of poverty. However, an inadequate diet, based on fats, empty proteins and carbohydrates can lead infants of any age to suffer from this disease. To cope with this disease, many families supplement the feeding of their children with vitamins, which have various sources. At present, the discovery and enhancement of the nutritional properties of cushuro, encourage the presentation of a product made from said algae. Kumi Gomitas, is a nutritional supplement, not candy, designed especially for children, from the extract of cushuro, an algae from the high Andean regions, rich in protein and iron. Kumi Gummies are also enriched with camu camu as a source of vitamin C and sweetened with honey. Kumi Gomitas, will be sold mainly in supermarkets, convenience stores and pharmacy chains. The financial evaluation shows that the project is sensitive to price changes, since in the event of slight price changes (-13%) the project allows generating profits, in the same way when the price of cushuro increases S / 40.85. Finally, we conclude that the Kumi Gomitas project is viable and this is reflected through the economic evaluation, which results in a NPV for investors of S/125,699 and an IRR of 23.91%. Likewise, the project has low risk, because the investment can be recovered in 2.49 years. / Trabajo de investigación

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la función de los elementos visuales del gerontodiseño para comunicar información nutricional en los suplementos nutricionales dirigidos a los adultos mayores. La hipótesis propone que los elementos necesarios para la eficiente comunicación de una información nutricional completa son la tipografía, la paleta de colores, la gráfica visual y la forma del empaque. La metodología empleada consistió en un análisis documental, mediante la selección de dos marcas, Glucerna y Ensure, para el adulto mayor analizando el contenido de la información nutricional relacionado con los principales elementos del gerontodiseño. Adicionalmente, se realizó una encuesta a un grupo de 25 adultos mayores que consumen suplementos nutricionales, así como una entrevista a un experto que ha trabajado con marcas similares. Los principales resultados obtenidos, de acuerdo con los elementos del gerontodiseño, son que la tipografía presenta una fuente de letra san serif cumpliendo con la función de otorgar mayor legibilidad de la información; el contraste de color utilizado contribuye a diferenciar los elementos presentes; la imagen principal posee un movimiento orgánico para mostrar de manera más realista el producto a consumir y la forma de la estructura del empaque, al ser cilíndrica, favorece al adulto mayor a sostenerlo con firmeza y a proteger el contenido del interior. Se concluye que ambos productos toman en consideración los elementos del gerontodiseño en el diseño de su empaque, con lo que cumplen funciones esenciales para que el adulto mayor tenga la capacidad de poder visualizar la información que brinda el producto. / The research aims to analyze the role of visual elements of gerontodesign in communicating nutritional information in elder´s nutritional supplements. The hypothesis proposes that the necessary elements for an efficient communication for a complete nutritional information are typography, color palette, visual graphics and shape of the package. The methodology used for the investigation was a documentary analysis, where two brands of elder´s nutritional supplement (Glucerna and Ensure) were selected to observe the way the nutritional information is exposed in comparison to the main elements of gerontodesign. In addition, a survey was taken to group of 25 elders who consume nutritional supplements, plus an interview with an expert who has worked with similar brands. The main results obtained, according to the elements of the gerontodesign, is that the typography use in this products is a san serif font for a better reading of the information, the contrast of color is use to show the different elements present in the product, and the main image has an organic movement to show a more realistic way the product could be consumed and the shape of the structure of the package is cylindrical to favor the elderly to hold it better and to protect the content inside. It is concluded that both brands take into consideration the elements of gerontodesign for their packing design, because grown people may present certain difficulties that must be taken in consideration in the elaboration of the packaging. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación desarrolla una idea de negocio para el curso Emprendimiento de Negocios Sostenibles: Implementación, impartido en la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). Nuestro modelo de negocio se consolidó con los conocimientos aprendidos durante la trayectoria universitaria. Para desarrollarlo, identificamos los dos principales problemas que presentan los dueños de perros al momento de educarlos y alimentarlos, ya que debido a la coyuntura hay una mayor cantidad de familias con al menos una mascota en casa. El problema de educarlos adecuadamente radica en la elección de un premio que la mascota quiera recibir y que a la vez este sea saludable y contribuya con su alimentación. Frente a ello, nuestra idea de negocio ha sido diseñada para poder dar una solución a esos dos problemas identificados, puesto que elaboramos galletas caseras saludables que sirven como premio y como complemento alimenticio debido al aporte nutricional de los ingredientes. La elaboración de las galletas premio saludables para perros es a base de avena y plátano, tiene vitamina B6, vitamina C, magnesio y potasio, ayudando así a mejorar la frecuencia cardiaca y a promover la salud ósea. Realizamos una investigación para determinar a nuestro público objetivo dentro de Lima metropolitana. Para nuestra idea de negocio, desarrollamos un plan que nos permita ordenar los recursos y estrategias adecuadas durante los primeros 3 años, ya que es importante conocer si el negocio es rentable. / This research work develops a business idea for the course Sustainable Business Entrepreneurship: Implementation, taught at the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (UPC). Our business model was consolidated with the knowledge learned during the university career. To develop it, we identified the two main problems that dog owners present when educating and feeding them, since due to the situation there are a greater number of families with at least one pet at home. The problem of educating them properly lies in choosing a treat that the pet wants to receive and that at the same time is healthy and contributes to their diet. Faced with this, our business idea has been designed to be able to provide a solution to these two identified problems, since we make healthy homemade cookies that serve as a reward and as a food supplement due to the nutritional contribution of the ingredients. The preparation of healthy treats for dogs is based on oatmeal and banana, it has vitamin B6, vitamin C, magnesium and potassium, thus helping to improve heart rate and promote bone health. We conducted an investigation to determine our target audience within metropolitan Lima, determining zones 6 and 7 as the most appropriate. For our business idea, we develop a plan that allows us to organize the appropriate resources and strategies during the first 3 years, since it is important to know if the business is profitable. / Trabajo de investigación