Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-136). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

The Migration period gold collars from Ålleberg, Färjestaden and Möne are three unique objects with a large amount of ornamentation. Ornamentation is often studied in a close perspective. This study goes from the normally used close perspective and studies the gold collars at a distance in their current museum environment at Statens Historiska Museum, SHM. The aim of the study is to nuance the research on gold collars ornaments by depriving from the perspective of museum. The main issue is how the collars appear at a distance and in motion and what knowledge the observation of the collars can contribute with. In order to answer the questions and fulfil the purpose of the study the theory is phenomenology. This is also included in the method, which is focused observation. The essay also indirectly tests if phenomenology is possible to use in a controlled environment. The Research material is primarily based on the observations of the gold collars in Statens Historiska Museum. It is also based on previous research and literature studies. The conclusion of the essay was that all three gold collars ornamentation appear similar at a distance, although there was a small difference in the ornamentation. Another conclusion is that it is not possible to say anything new about the social function of the collars in their present context, but that it could provide evidence of a theory presented by previous researchers.

abstract: This study investigated the effect of two different preparation methods on hitting performance in a high&ndashfidelity; baseball batting simulation. Novice and expert players participated in one of three conditions: observation (viewing a video of the goal action), visualization (hearing a script of the goal action), or a no&ndashpreparation; control group. Each participant completed three different hitting tasks: pull hit, opposite&ndashfield; hit, and sacrifice fly. Experts had more successful hits, overall, than novices. The number of successful hits was significantly higher for both the observation and visualization conditions than for the control. In most cases, performance was best in the observation condition. Experts demonstrated greater effects from the mental preparation techniques compared to novices. However, these effects were mediated by task difficulty. The difference between experts and novices, as well as the difference between the observation and visualization conditions was greater for the more difficult hitting task (opposite&ndashfield; hitting) than for the easier hitting task (sacrifice fly). These effects of mental preparation were associated with significant changes in batting kinematics (e.g., changes in point of bat/ball contact and swing direction). The results indicate that mental preparation can improve directional hitting ability in baseball with the optimal preparation methods depending on skill&ndashlevel; and task difficulty. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Applied Psychology 2010

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur matematik synliggörs av pedagoger vid måltidssituationen i förskolan. I begreppet måltidssituation innefattas såväl dukningssituationen som själva lunchmåltiden. Måltidssituationen är en rutinsituation som vi menar har stor pedagogisk potential för lärande och utveckling. Den kan däremot se ut på många olika sätt och utgången av den beror ofta på vad pedagogen har för intentioner. Förskolans pedagoger uppmärksammar matematiken i planerade aktiviteter, men utifrån egna erfarenheter har pedagoger svårare att synliggöra matematiken i vardagen. Tidigare forskning visar att måltidssituationen är en stund med goda förutsättningar för lärande, där pedagoger har möjlighet att synliggöra matematiken. För att undersöka vilket matematiskt innehåll som synliggörs under måltidssituationen samt hur den används av pedagoger för lärande med fokus på matematik, valdes en kvalitativ studie. Studien bygger på observationer av måltidssituationer på en förskola och består av två delstudier samt faller inom ramarna för det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande. I analysarbetet har vi använt oss utav Bishops matematiska aktiviteter.      Studiens resultat visade att pedagogerna använde måltidssituationen för att synliggöra matematiken. Pedagogerna använde sig utav matematiska begrepp, samt genom att ställa öppna frågor till barnen där de fick möjlighet att uttrycka sina tankar och funderingar. Det matematiska innehåll som var mest framträdande i de båda delstudierna var att räkna, men resultatet visade även på ett varierat matematiskt innehåll.

The current study investigated the reliability and validity of using short observations with an observation tool designed to measure implementation of small group interventions. Intervention lessons for eight instructional groups from two schools were video recorded for nine weeks, and post-test assessments of reading decoding were administered to 31 at-risk kindergarten students. Videos of intervention instruction from weeks two, five, and eight, each representing a phase in the intervention period, were used within this study for measuring implementation. Each video was divided into three ten-minute segments representing the beginning, middle, and end of each intervention lesson. Video segments were coded for implementation using the Quality of Intervention Delivery and Receipt tool (QIDR; Harn, Forbes-Spear, Fritz, & Berg, 2012). Overall, the results of this study indicate that a) reliability can be achieved when using 10-minute observations, b) QIDR scores obtained from 10-minute segments are strongly correlated with scores obtained from full-length observations, c) there is no statistical difference in scores obtained from full-length observations and those obtained in 10-minute segments, and d) QIDR scores obtained from both full-length and 10-minute segments accounted for group differences in student outcomes, with lesson segments obtained from the end of lessons accounting for the most variance. Implications for research and practice are discussed, including the importance of thorough training and calibration to maintain reliability, as well as the feasibility and utility of providing frequent observation and feedback through shorter observations.

Depuis la fin de la Guerre froide, l'observation internationale des élections a connu une croissance exponentielle à travers le monde et en particulier au sein de la région formée par les 56 états participants de l'Organisation pour la Sécurité et la Coopération en Europe. En raison de l'intervention concomitante d'acteurs multiples et hétérogènes, cette activité est caractérisée par le développement de diverses procédures de coopération interinstitutionnelle mais des efforts restent à fournir afin de toujours garantir la cohérence du message délivré. Le contrôle opéré se fonde sur une profusion d'engagements internationaux de nature juridique et politique qui constituent un véritable droit international électoral, constamment enrichi par la jurisprudence dynamique de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme. Bien que la méthodologie sur laquelle repose les évaluations auxquelles procèdent les observateurs ait acquis une fiabilité importante et que ceux-ci parviennent dans la majorité des cas à éviter l'écueil d'une politisation des conclusions, les retombées des missions d'observation électorale restent aléatoires, nuisant à l'effectivité du système de contrôle dans son ensemble. De nombreux dispositifs de suivi des recommandations existent, qu'ils soient technique, politique ou juridictionnel, mais leur mise en œuvre révèle trop souvent un manque de rigueur. Au-delà, si le mécanisme de conditionnalité démocratique instaurée par l'Union européenne permet de relayer efficacement les conclusions des observateurs électoraux dans le cadre de la procédure d'adhésion, il souffre d'une application inconsistante dans le champ de la Politique européenne de voisinage. Il s'ensuit une influence marginale de l'observation électorale internationale sur les Etats autoritaires de la région de l'OSCE. / Since the end of the Cold War, international election observation has grown exponentially worldwide and especially within the region formed by the 56 participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Due to the concomitant action of multiple and heterogeneous actors, this activity is characterized by the development of various procedures for inter-institutional cooperation but efforts are still needed in order to always ensure the consistency of the message delivered. The control operated is based on a wealth of international legal and political commitments which constitute a genuine international electoral law, constantly enriched by the dynamic jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The methodology underlying the assessments made by the observers has acquired a high reliability and these succeed in most cases to avoid the trap of politicized findings. However, the impact of electoral observation missions remains unequal, undermining the effectiveness of the whole control mechanism. Many devices, whether technical, political or judicial, exist for the follow-up of recommendations, but their implementation often reveals a lack of rigor. In addition, if the mechanism of democratic conditionality established by the European Union can effectively relay the findings of election observers in the context of the accession procedure, it suffers from an inconsistent application in the field of European Neighbourhood Policy. It follows a marginal influence of international election observation on authoritarian states of the OSCE area.

Dans nos travaux, nous avons considéré un processus de Lévy X avec une composante brownienne non nulle et dont la partie à sauts est un processus de Poisson composé. Nous avons supposé que la valeur d'une entreprise est modélisée par un processus stochastique de la forme V = Vo exp X et que cette entreprise est mise à défaut dès lors que sa valeur passe sous un certain seuil b déterminé de façon exogène et qui donc, est une donnée du problème. L'instant de défaut T est alors de la forme Tx pour x= ln(Vo) ln((b) où x> 0, Tx = inf{t 2:0: X, 2:x}. Dans un premier temps, nous supposons que des agents observant la valeur V des ac­tifs de la firme souhaitent connaître le comportement de l'instant de défaut. Dans ce modèle, au chapitre 2, nous avons étudié d'une part la régularité de la densité de la loi de l'instant de défaut. D'autre part, nous avons étudié la loi conjointe de l'instant de défaut, de l'overshoot et de l'undershoot. Au chapitre 3, nous avons obtenu une équation à valeurs mesures dont le quadriplet formé par la variable aléatoire X,, le su­ premum du processus X à l'instant t, le supremum du processus X au dernier instant de saut avant l'instant t et le dernier instant de saut à l'instant t est solution au seris faible, puis une équation dont ce quadriplet est une solution forte. Dans un second temps, au chapitre 4, nous avons supposé que des investisseurs souhaitant détenir une part de cette entreprise ne disposent pas de l'information complète. Ils n'observent pas la valeur des actifs de la firme V, mais sa valeur bruitée. Leur information est modélisée par la filtration Ç = (Ç,, t 2: 0) engendrée par cette observation. Dans ce modèle, nous avons montré que la loi conditionnelle de l'instant de défaut sachant la tribu Ç, admet une densité par rapport à la mesure de Lebesgue et obtenu une équation de Volttera dont cette densité est solution. Cette connaissance permet aux investisseurs de prévoir au vu de leur information, quand est-ce que l'instant de défaut va intervenir après l'instant t. Nous avons complété ce travail par des simulations numériques. / In this Ph.D thesis, we consider a jump-diffusion process which the diffusion part is a drifted Brownian motion and the jump part is a compound Poisson process. We assume that a firm value is modelling by a stochastic process V = V0 exp-X. This firm goes to default whenever its value is below a specified tlrreshold b which is exo­ genously determined. For x = ln(Vo) - ln(b) > 0, the default time is of the form Tx = inf{t 2:0: X, 2: x}. First, we suppose that agents observe perfectly the firm value. In this mode, we sho­ wed in chapter 2 that the density of the default time is continuons, then study the joint law of the default time, overshoot an undershoot. We obtained in chapter 3 a valued measure differentia equation which the solution is the quadruplet formed by the random variable X,, the running supremum x; of X at time t, the supremum of X at the last jump time before t and the last jump time before t. Secondly, we assume that investors wishing detain a part of the firm can not observe the firm value. They observe a noisy value of the firm and their information is madel­ ling by the filtration g = (9,,t 2: 0) generated by their observation. In this mode, we have shown that the conditional density of Tx with respect to Ç has a density which is solution of one stochastic integral-differentia equation The knowledge of this density allows investors to predict the default time after time t. This second part is the chapter 4.

The goal of this graduation thesis was to find out the influence of milking by automatic milking system (AMS) to the physiological needs of dairy cows within 30 minutes after milking. Ethological study covered the needs for feed intake, water intake and need for lying down. In the next part were obtained data on performance of dairy cows and time data of milking (Preparation time for milking, milking time, and time in the milking box). For determination of an impact of various technologies on dairy cows, the results were compared with the data obtained on the farm with conventional milking technology (auto-tandem parlor). The need of feed intake in 30 minutes after milking was found in the barn with AMS at 75.51 % of dairy cows, in the barn containing auto-tandem parlor it was 84.37 % of dairy cows. Highest rate of silage intake after milking had dairy cows milked by conventional way. The need of water intake was found out in the barn with AMS at 41.79 % of dairy cows and in the barn containing auto-tandem parlor it was 33.45 % of dairy cows. Higher rate of water after milking had dairy cows on the farm using the milking robot. In terms of the needs of feed intake and water within 30 minutes after milking were found in both compared technology almost identical values, 28.23 % on the farm with AMS and 27.27 % on the farm with auto-tandem parlor. From this common intake was observed earlier water intake of animals on both farms of more than 80% percent. The percentage of the cows, which needed to lie down after milking, was found in both technologies very low. On the farm with AMS it was 3.7 % and on the farm with auto-tandem parlor 5.8 %. On the farm, where AMS is used, we could evaluate the physiological needs within 30 minutes after milking in the various parts of a day. The need to feed intake was the highest between 6pm and 12 am) and the lowest in the morning. The need of water intake after milking was highest in the morning between 6am and 12 pm and the lowest between midnight 12am and 6 am. The need of lie down after milking was highest between midnight and 6am and the lowest between noon and 6 pm. Milk yield per milking was 12.89 kg on the farm with AMS and 13.35 kg on the farm with auto-tandem parlor. The average daily milk yield was on the farm with AMS 36.47 kg and 26.7 kg on the farm with auto-tandem parlor. Lower milk yield per milking and higher average milk yield per day on the other hand on the farm with AMS is caused by a higher frequency of milking, among other factors. Preparation time for milking was 2:24 min with AMS and 2:02 with conventional type of milking. The time itself was detected in both methods over 5 minutes. With conventional type of milking the times were longer by almost 30 s (5:41min). The time in milking box was 7:07 min in the technology AMS and 8:16 min in the conventional system of milking. Frequency of using of milking robot during the day reached the lowest rate between 4 pm and 6 pm and between 4 am and 8 am. The increase in the number of milking after 6 pm relates with silage intake at this time. During comparison of analyzed technologies was found insignificant difference in the physiological needs within 30 minutes after milking. For verification of these conclusions it is important to increase amount of farms with conventional milking system.

I denna studie har det undersökts hur tre olika lärare genom sitt ledarskap utövar olika makttekniker i klassrummet för att skapa ordning och fånga elevernas uppmärksamhet vid lektionsstart. Det har även undersökts hur användningen av dessa motiveras av lärarna, samt hur eleverna agerar och reagerar på dessa makttekniker. Empiri samlades in genom observationer och intervjuer, varefter observationsscheman samt ljudinspelningar analyserades. Observationer genomfördes ute på två olika grundskolor hos tre olika klasslärare vars klasser bestod av elever i årskurs ett. Efter observationerna genomfördes korta intervjuer med respektive klasslärare där lärarna förklarade och motiverade användandet av de specifika teknikerna, samt varför dessa passade för just deras klass. Studiens resultat och analys har sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i Michel Foucaults teori om maktbegreppet samt i Brousseaus teori om det didaktiska kontraktet. Studiens resultat visade på att de tekniker som användes i uppmuntrande syfte av lärarna oftast hade en långvarig effekt på eleverna. De slutsatser som kan dras av detta är att dessa tekniker skapade ordning i klassrummet samt påkallade elevers uppmärksamhet vid lektionsstart.